{"title":"Pipelined NoC router architecture design with buffer configuration exploration on FPGA","authors":"Qi Chen, Qiang Liu","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2015.7293981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2015.7293981","url":null,"abstract":"Emerging System-on-Chip (SoC) applications on FPGAs have boosted the FPGA-based Network-on-Chip (NoC) implementations. Router microarchitecture plays a central role in the performance of an NoC. This paper investigates the router architecture in great detail and designs high throughput architecture based on the fine-grained configurability and customizability provided by FPGAs. Specifically, we 1) divide the logic operations of the router into two pipelining stages and implement a modified backpressure flow control mechanism to support high frequency and pipelined routing operation; 2) explore different buffering schemes to find an architecture which can sustain low queuing delays. The experimental results show that the pipelined architecture achieves operation clock frequency over 400 MHz, which is 3 times higher than that of an open source FPGA-based NoC, CONNECT, leading to about 5 times improvement in the network saturation throughput.","PeriodicalId":261014,"journal":{"name":"2015 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134188678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A transport-layer network for distributed FPGA platforms","authors":"S. Jun, Ming Liu, Shuotao Xu, Arvind","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2015.7293976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2015.7293976","url":null,"abstract":"We present a transport-layer network that aids developers in building safe, high-performance distributed FPGA applications. Two essential features of such a network are virtual channels and end-to-end flow control. Our network implements these features, taking advantage of the low error characteristic of a rack level FPGA network to implement a low overhead credit based end-to-end flow control. Our design has many parameters in the source code which can be set at the time of FPGA synthesis, to provide flexibility in setting buffer size and flow control credits to make best use of scarce on-chip memory resources and match the traffic pattern of a virtual channel. Our prototype cluster, which is composed of 20 Xilinx VC707 boards, each with 4 20Gb/s serial links, achieves effective bandwidth of 85% of the maximum physical bandwidth, and a latency of 0.5us per hop. User feedback suggest that these features make distributed application development significantly easier.","PeriodicalId":261014,"journal":{"name":"2015 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115015204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wotan: A tool for rapid evaluation of FPGA architecture routability without benchmarks","authors":"Oleg Petelin, Vaughn Betz","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2015.7294008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2015.7294008","url":null,"abstract":"FPGA routing architectures consist of routing wires and programmable switches which together account for a significant portion of the fabric delay and area. Routing architectures have traditionally been evaluated using a full CAD flow with a suite of benchmark circuits. While the results of such a flow can be accurate, CAD tools are often tuned to a specific architecture type and can take a long time to run which prohibits quick exploration of different architectures early in the design process. In this paper we present an alternative approach that quickly estimates routability for a wide range of architectures without the use of benchmark circuits. Our new routability predictor first assigns congestion probabilities to the architecture's routing resources based on demand estimates found via efficient path enumeration through the routing graph. Next, we compute the probabilities of successfully routing different source/sink connections and finally we combine them to assign an overall routability score. We describe our predictor and present routability estimates for a range of 6-LUT and 4-LUT architectures, showing reasonable agreement with routability results from the full VPR CAD flow in much less CPU time.","PeriodicalId":261014,"journal":{"name":"2015 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123765914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Accurate power analysis for near-Vt RRAM-based FPGA","authors":"Xifan Tang, P. Gaillardon, G. Micheli","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2015.7293982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2015.7293982","url":null,"abstract":"Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM)-based FPGA architectures employ RRAMs not only as memories to store the configuration but embed them in the datapaths of programmable routing resources to propagate signals with improved performances. Sources of power consumption have been intensively studied for conventional Static Random Access Memories (SRAM)-based FPGAs. However, very limited works focused so far on studying the power characteristics of RRAM-based FPGAs. In this paper, we first analyze the power characteristics of RRAM-based multiplexer at circuit level and then use electrical simulations to study power consumption of RRAM-based FPGA architectures. Experimental results show that RRAM-based FPGAs achieve a Power-Delay Product reduced by 50% compared to SRAM-based FPGA at nominal voltage and 20% compared to near-Vt SRAM-based FPGA, respectively.","PeriodicalId":261014,"journal":{"name":"2015 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114764638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiaobin Liu, Tedy Thomas, Alan Boguslawski, R. Tessier
{"title":"Adaptive MRAM-based CGRAs","authors":"Xiaobin Liu, Tedy Thomas, Alan Boguslawski, R. Tessier","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2015.7293984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2015.7293984","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe the use of magnetic RAM (MRAM) in coarse-grained reconfigurable arrays (CGRAs) as a configuration cache to allow for bulk low-energy storage and rapid device reconfiguration. If an energy-saving configuration update for an application is needed, a new configuration can be quickly swapped into compute blocks and interconnect switchboxes to minimize system down time. The determination of when to configure and an analysis of the CGRA architectural impact of MRAM is evaluated via system-level emulation. Our experiments show that the use of MRAM reduces overall application energy consumption by nearly 30% when dynamic reconfiguration is used.","PeriodicalId":261014,"journal":{"name":"2015 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126478638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Abdelfattah, Andrew Bitar, Ange Yaghi, Vaughn Betz
{"title":"Design and simulation tools for Embedded NOCs on FPGAs","authors":"M. Abdelfattah, Andrew Bitar, Ange Yaghi, Vaughn Betz","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2015.7293965","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2015.7293965","url":null,"abstract":"We propose embedding hard NoCs on FPGAs to improve system-level communication as detailed in our previous studies [1-6]. This demo paper outlines the three main design and simulation tools that we have been using to experiment with Embedded NoCs on FPGAs.","PeriodicalId":261014,"journal":{"name":"2015 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121693150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High speed ECC implementation on FPGA over GF(2m)","authors":"Z. Khan, M. Benaissa","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2015.7293951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2015.7293951","url":null,"abstract":"High speed Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) implementations on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) are highly desirable for applications requiring high speed cost effective and flexible implementations of public key cryptography. Recently, many binary ECC hardware accelerators have been presented based on the Montgomery point multiplication by exploiting the underlying parallelism of the point multiplication (PM). In this paper, we present a combined Montgomery point multiplication algorithm to achieve low latency ECC point multiplication by using novel pipelined full precision parallel multipliers over GF(2m). We adopt a careful schedule of point operations to achieve low latency and a smart pipelining in the ECC architecture to reduce the critical path delay. Our proposed ECC architecture is implemented on Virtex5 (XCV5LX110) for a fair comparison and on Virtex7 (XC7VX550T) to quantify performance. Our Virtex5 based implementation over GF(2163), consumes 10363 slices, takes only 5.1 μs for an ECC point multiplication with a frequency of 153 MHz, and has a latency of 780 clock cycles. Our Virtex-5 performance outperforms the fastest reported work on the same platform. Our Virtex7 implementation which can compute an ECC PM in 3.50 μs at a frequency of 223 MHz while utilising only 8736 slices is the highest speed implementation reported to date on FPGA.","PeriodicalId":261014,"journal":{"name":"2015 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125656286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A study of data partitioning on OpenCL-based FPGAs","authors":"Ze-ke Wang, Bingsheng He, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2015.7293941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2015.7293941","url":null,"abstract":"A lot of research efforts have been devoted to accelerating relational database applications on FPGAs, due to their high energy efficiency and high throughput. Most of the existing studies are based on hardware description languages (HDLs). Recently, FPGA vendors have started to develop OpenCL SDKs for much better programmability. In this paper, we investigate the performance of relational database applications on OpenCL-based FPGAs. As a start, we study the performance of data partitioning, a core operation widely used in relational databases. Due to random memory accesses, data partitioning is time-consuming and can become a major bottleneck for database operators such as hash join. We start with the state-of-the-art OpenCL implementation which was originally designed for CPUs/GPUs, and find that it suffers from lock overheads and memory bandwidth overheads. To reduce lock overheads, we develop a simple yet efficient multi-kernel approach to leverage two emerging features of Altera OpenCL SDK, namely task kernel and channel. Moreover, on-chip buckets are employed to reduce the number of memory transactions. We further develop a cost model to guide the parameter configuration. We evaluate the proposed design on a recent Altera Stratix V FPGA. Our results demonstrate 1) our cost model can accurately predict the performance of data partitioning under different parameter settings; 2) our proposed multi-kernel approach can achieve 10.7X; speedup over the existing OpenCL implementation. Also, the experiments with three case studies show that the optimized implementations can achieve 4-12X performance improvement over the original implementations.","PeriodicalId":261014,"journal":{"name":"2015 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Temperature-triggered behavioral IPs HW Trojan detection method with FPGAs","authors":"Xiaotong Li, Benjamin Carrión Schäfer","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2015.7294009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2015.7294009","url":null,"abstract":"This works targets the detection of temperature triggered HW Trojans, in particular for third party behavioral IPs (3PBIPs) given in ANSI-C. One of the biggest advantages of C-Based VLSI design is its ability to automatically generate architectures with different trade-offs by only setting different synthesis options. This work uses this property to detect temperature-triggered HW Trojan. A complete design flow is presented. It comprises two main phases: (1) In the first phase, a design space explorer generates micro-architectures with different area vs. power trade-offs automatically for the given behavioral IP. (2) The second phase, maps three of these micro-architectures with different power profiles onto a reconfigurable computing board to create a 3-way redundant system. This system combined with a majority voter scheme is used to detect if a HW Trojan is present in the behavioral IP. Having different power profiles implies that each micro-architecture has a different thermal behavior and thus will trigger the HW Trojan at different time intervals. The outputs of the three designs are compared for discrepancies at regular intervals, allowing our method to therefore exactly pinpoint the exact trigger temperature of the HW Trojan. A case study is presented showing the effectiveness of our method.","PeriodicalId":261014,"journal":{"name":"2015 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126736244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Variable-latency signed addition on FPGAs","authors":"A. Cilardo","doi":"10.1109/FPL.2015.7293957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FPL.2015.7293957","url":null,"abstract":"Variable-latency, or speculative, addition is an effective technique to implement fast adders working on very long operands. Most approaches to speculative addition are either based on the assumption that operands have equiprobable independent bits, which is rarely the case in real applications due to sign-extension, or they can handle the case of signed numbers at the price of a considerable area overhead. Furthermore, many existing approaches require ad-hoc schemes preventing the reuse of standard adders typically available as optimized library components in many technologies, most notably Field-Programmable Gate Arrays. This paper introduces an innovative scheme for speculative addition that effectively addresses both problems, yielding fast and low-area circuits able to handle sign-extended numbers speculatively and only made of optimized carry-propagation adders based on fast carry circuitry as basic building blocks.","PeriodicalId":261014,"journal":{"name":"2015 25th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications (FPL)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131444109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}