ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología最新文献

{"title":"¿Qué es la filosofía de la biología organismal?","authors":"Alejandro Fábregas Tejeda, Mariano Martín-Villuendas","doi":"10.14201/art2023121525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/art2023121525","url":null,"abstract":"  ","PeriodicalId":259984,"journal":{"name":"ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115362566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Una ontología parte-dependiente de la individualidad biológica para los consorcios de múltiples especies","authors":"Javier Suárez","doi":"10.14201/art20231215578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/art20231215578","url":null,"abstract":"Este artículo introduce y defiende una ontología parte-dependiente para concebir la individualidad biológica en los conglomerados formados por individuos de múltiples especies. Según la ontología parte-dependiente, la caracterización de un conjunto o conglomerado de taxones independientes como individuo biológico debe basarse en la relación que una parte específica de ese conjunto mantiene con el resto, siendo irrelevante la relación que el resto de partes del conjunto mantienen con la primera. De otro modo, se argumenta que las relaciones de dependencia biológica entre las partes de un conjunto pueden ser asimétricas, sin que esto afecte a la atribución de individualidad a dicho conjunto. Se señala, asimismo, que tal caracterización parte-dependiente es válida no solo para las ideas de individualidad basadas en la evolución, sino también para aquellas basadas en la fisiología, o la inmunología, entre otras. Esto hace a la ontología parte-dependiente compatible con el pluralismo sobre la individualidad biológica.","PeriodicalId":259984,"journal":{"name":"ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114419188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Organism’ Versus ‘Biological Individual’: The Missing Demarcation","authors":"Guido I. Prieto","doi":"10.14201/art20231212754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/art20231212754","url":null,"abstract":"The demarcation of organisms from other biological individuals has received relatively little attention. In this paper, I extricate and systematize the different ways in which the organism–biological individual relationship has been construed: (1) coalescence of the two concepts, (2) biological individual eliminativism, (3) organism eliminativism, (4) organism as a ‘paradigmatic’ biological individual, (5) organism as a limit state towards which biological individuals tend in evolution and development, (6) organism as instantiating the whole in a part-whole hierarchy of biological individuals, (7) organism as equivalent to physiological individual, and (8) organism as a special kind of physiological individual. I show that, in most of these stances, the organism concept is too imprecise to be demarcated from other biological individuals, which fosters some form of eliminativism. I also argue that the comparisons between organisms and biological individuals are performed in two different modes: ‘horizontally’ (i.e., between individuals not related hierarchically) or ‘vertically’ (i.e., between individuals belonging to different levels within the same hierarchy). Finally, I explain the challenges that each of these comparison modes face and suggest that the ‘vertical’ mode adumbrates a potential way forward.","PeriodicalId":259984,"journal":{"name":"ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116445314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tipología y disposiciones del organismo en la evo-devo: una aproximación metafísica","authors":"Cristina Villegas, Vanessa Triviño","doi":"10.14201/art202312179102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/art202312179102","url":null,"abstract":"En este artículo, abordamos el problema de cómo se pueden entender las tendencias variacionales que se atribuyen a los rasgos homólogos en evo-devo. Tras resaltar que las teorías actuales sobre la homología no dan suficiente cuenta de por qué, de hecho, los rasgos varían, proponemos una caracterización de los mismos como tipos naturales disposicionales. Para ello, recurrimos a las herramientas que ofrece la metafísica respecto a la caracterización de las propiedades disposicionales. Teniendo en cuenta este marco, consideramos que solo atribuyendo a los rasgos (entendidos como tipos naturales) la disposición de variar, puede darse cuenta del poder causal y explicativo de los mismos en evo-devo. Este caso de estudio ilustra, además, un tipo de interacción entre metafísica y biología al que denominamos “metafísica desde la biología”, en que las exigencias específicas de una realidad tan compleja como la evolución demanda unas nociones metafísicas que van más allá de las consideradas en la literatura.","PeriodicalId":259984,"journal":{"name":"ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126755351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organisms, Life Relations, and Evolution: Inter-Dependencies after Kropotkin's Mutual Aid","authors":"Arantza Etxeberria Agiriano, David Cortés García, Mikel Torres Aldave","doi":"10.14201/art2023121179204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/art2023121179204","url":null,"abstract":"We examine some implications of Kropotkin’s seminal work on mutual aid as a factor of evolution to analyze how non-competitive life relations are understood in current biological theories. We distinguish two research lines deriving from his work: one of them studies intraspecific relations of altruism and selfishness, and the other one is focused on interspecific symbiotic relations. Furthermore, we use the example of pregnancy and viviparity to extend the analysis to the evolution of novel interorganismic characters. We conclude with a conceptual review of how collaborations and inter-dependencies among organisms shape individual autonomy and sociability in organismal evolutionary biology.","PeriodicalId":259984,"journal":{"name":"ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125411205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La construcción de un mundo: la importancia del juego en la evolución","authors":"Jorge Luis Hernández-Ochoa, Melina Gastelum-Vargas, A. Fuentes, Francisco Vergara-Silva","doi":"10.14201/art2023121151178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/art2023121151178","url":null,"abstract":"Comprender que los organismos multicelulares no son entes pasivos es esencial, por una parte, para ampliar nuestro entendimiento sobre la evolución de las especies y, por otra, para esclarecer cómo percibimos e interactuamos en el mundo. Lo anterior se debe a que, a través de múltiples procesos y mecanismos ontogenéticos y filogenéticos, los organismos navegan activamente el ambiente en el que están inmersos. Sin embargo, a pesar del énfasis que actualmente se ha puesto en esta visión académica, una conducta que ha recibido poca atención en este debate, en el caso de los homínidos y particularmente en Homo sapiens, es el juego. En este trabajo contribuimos a dilucidar la importancia del juego en el proceso de construcción de nicho y la emergencia de la cognición, dos áreas fundamentales para la discusión contemporánea del pensamiento evolucionista y de las ciencias cognitivas corporizadas. Sostenemos que esta tarea es relevante debido a que el juego es un camino a través del cual diferentes organismos multicelulares pertenecientes a un enorme número de especies indagan, conocen, construyen y transforman el mundo. En la primera sección, situamos la discusión y puntualizamos la estructura de nuestros argumentos. Enseguida, exponemos la importancia de la teoría de construcción de nicho, y las definiciones de nicho cultural y nicho ontogenético. Lo anterior subraya el rol activo de los organismos en la modificación de los ambientes (selectivos y ontogenéticos). Luego, explicamos los principales supuestos del enactivismo y sus implicaciones para comprender las propiedades dinámicas, corporizadas y situadas de los organismos en el estudio de la cognición. Después esclarecemos el rol del juego para robustecer el análisis de este vasto entramado de conceptos evolutivos y enactivistas. Finalmente, presentamos conclusiones sobre las implicaciones que este tipo de investigaciones pueden tener para diferentes campos del conocimiento —p. ej., la antropología biológica, las ciencias cognitivas, la filosofía de la biología o la pedagogía—.","PeriodicalId":259984,"journal":{"name":"ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121355775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From Mechanistic Biomedicine to Organismal Systems Medicine","authors":"J. Marcum","doi":"10.14201/art2023121123150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/art2023121123150","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedicine, the predominant medical model that emerged during the twentieth century, is founded conceptually on mechanism and reductionism, especially in terms of portraying the patient as a machine reducible to its component parts. Systems medicine, in contrast, has emerged during the early part of the twenty-first century to address problems arising from biomedicine’s failure to cure diseases such as cancer. In this paper, a conceptual framework is provided for shifting from mechanistic biomedicine to organismal systems medicine. Specifically, organicism and holism provide the necessary foundation for viewing the patient not simply as a diseased or dysfunctional body part but as a whole person embedded within a biological, psychological, social, and environmental framework. Although biomedicine’s approach has identified many of the physiological and pathological components of health and disease, a shift to organismal systems medicine promises to deliver the principles and rules by which these components relate and interact with one another in a holistic rather than simply in a reductive mechanistic fashion.","PeriodicalId":259984,"journal":{"name":"ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121720729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"El concepto de organismo en la filosofía de Hans Jonas","authors":"Arfredo Marcos","doi":"10.14201/art2023121103121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/art2023121103121","url":null,"abstract":"La actual filosofía de la biología, superada ya la tentación reduccionista, ha centrado su atención en el concepto de organismo. El pensamiento de Hans Jonas resultará de utilidad en este nuevo contexto, pues aborda de modo profundo dicho concepto. Desde esta convicción, el presente texto se propone explorar precisamente la noción de organismo en el pensamiento de Jonas. Para ello, comenzaré por exponer las motivaciones que conducen al autor hacia el concepto de organismo (sección 1). Acude a este como vía de salida de las aporías dualistas que, a su parecer, amenazaban con asfixiar la investigación filosófica. En un segundo paso, presentaré ya en concreto la idea de organismo que propone Jonas, con sus rasgos más conspicuos, entre los que consta un estrecho vínculo con la noción de metabolismo (sección 2). Tras ello, buscaré las conexiones del concepto de organismo con otras áreas del pensamiento de Jonas: ontología, antropología, ética y teología (sección 3). Esbozaré, a continuación, algunas críticas a las ideas de Jonas, en especial en lo que hace a la aplicación a los organismos del término “libertad”, así como a la ausencia de referencias a la reproducción biológica (sección 4), para finalizar con un resumen conclusivo (sección 5).","PeriodicalId":259984,"journal":{"name":"ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121739590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patente, D., Berti, A. y Celis, C. (Coords.) (2022). Glosario de Filosofía de la Técnica. Buenos Aires: La Cebra","authors":"Matías Nicolás Cristini","doi":"10.14201/art2022112209211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/art2022112209211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":259984,"journal":{"name":"ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128429204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ciencia y política del coronavirus","authors":"José A. López Cerezo","doi":"10.14201/art20221127595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14201/art20221127595","url":null,"abstract":"Based on demographic data regarding the relevance of political ideology in reluctance against COVID vaccination, this contribution analyzes the phenomenon of political instrumentalization of scientific information in the fight against the pandemic. In the first place, a negative causal influence is defended, on the vaccination campaign, by the use of the lack of scientific consensus as a political weapon. Second, the scope and nature of “coronavirus science” as a regulatory science is examined, distinguishing different types of external values with different degrees of justification in the closure of interpretive flexibility. It is then concluded, in the third place, the lack of foundation for a discretionary political use of the scientific information generated by the science of the coronavirus. Subsequently, fourthly, the philosophical presuppositions of the effective political use made of scientific information are identified, namely, the erroneous presupposition of an academic science that speaks with one voice. On this basis, it is finally argued in favor of the explicit recognition of the regulatory nature of the science of the coronavirus, with its strengths and limitations, as a basis for a more responsible political use of scientific information and the opening of its evaluative aspects to public debate and moral deliberation.","PeriodicalId":259984,"journal":{"name":"ArtefaCToS. Revista de estudios sobre la ciencia y la tecnología","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125206210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}