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International Journal of Disaster Medicine最新文献

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Sarin and other nerve agents of the organophosphate class: properties, medical effects and management 沙林和其他有机磷类神经毒剂:特性、医疗效果和管理
International Journal of Disaster Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15031430310029945
Laleh Gharahbaghian, T. Bey
{"title":"Sarin and other nerve agents of the organophosphate class: properties, medical effects and management","authors":"Laleh Gharahbaghian, T. Bey","doi":"10.1080/15031430310029945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15031430310029945","url":null,"abstract":"Nerve gases of the organophosphate class were discovered around the time of World War II, with sarin, tabun and soman among their best known representatives. Despite the Geneva Convention of 1925 and the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) of 1997, chemical warfare agents, among them nerve agents like sarin, have been used in Iraq and in Japan. With an increased worldwide terrorist threat these relatively cheap but effective nerve agents have become a major concern for preparedness planners, rescue health‐care workers and security agencies. The different medical effects and physicochemical properties of these nerve agents may require a differentiated triage scenario. Early evacuation, decontamination, basic life support measures and specific pharmacologic therapy are the cornerstones of successful mass casualty management of nerve gas victims.","PeriodicalId":257480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Disaster Medicine","volume":"41 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113998882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Management of mass casualty burn disasters 大规模伤亡烧伤灾害的管理
International Journal of Disaster Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15031430510034640
L. Cancio, B. Pruitt
{"title":"Management of mass casualty burn disasters","authors":"L. Cancio, B. Pruitt","doi":"10.1080/15031430510034640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15031430510034640","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract : Mass casualty burn disasters are potentially challenging, in part because the majority of health care providers are inexperienced in the care of thermally injured patients and in part because of the multisystem response elicited by the thermal injury. Management expertise is generally concentrated in burn centres, whereas in a true mass casualty event, personnel at other hospitals may need to provide burn care for extended periods of time. In addition, burn care is time-, manpower- and resource-intensive. Finally, the risk of terrorist attacks which can result in large numbers of burn casualties persists; inhalation injury and burns were the leading causes of injury among survivors of the 11 September 2001 attacks in New York City (1) and the 12 October 2002 bombing in Bali (2). This reflects the observation that terrorists prefer simple, easily accessible weapons, such as fertilizer, cellular telephones, box cutters, and jet fuel, to complex and hard-to-deploy weapons such as biologic and chemical agents (3). The purpose of this article is to review recent experience with burn disasters worldwide, to recommend a set of general principles for burn disaster management, and to describe the current status of burn disaster planning at the national level in the USA.","PeriodicalId":257480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Disaster Medicine","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128080065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 29
Supporting disaster medicine from space: identification of disaster type and extension of disaster area resulting in improved estimation of number of victims 从空间支持灾害医学:确定灾害类型和扩大灾区范围，从而改进对受害者人数的估计
International Journal of Disaster Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15031430600694178
E. Attema, J. Boer
{"title":"Supporting disaster medicine from space: identification of disaster type and extension of disaster area resulting in improved estimation of number of victims","authors":"E. Attema, J. Boer","doi":"10.1080/15031430600694178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15031430600694178","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the availability of tables of occupants in movable and in immovable objects it remains troublesome to obtain figures of the number of casualties in case of disaster. This is due to its extension, which is difficult to measure quickly, preferably within the ‘golden hour’ for the severely wounded. New developments in satellite technology could probably overcome these difficulties in the near future. A survey of these efforts is presented.","PeriodicalId":257480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Disaster Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129143640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Delayed mortality effects of Hurricane Gilbert in Haiti 飓风吉尔伯特对海地的延迟死亡率影响
International Journal of Disaster Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15031430701855470
B. Reid, W. Psoter, B. Gebrian, Jodi A. Psoter, M. Wang
{"title":"Delayed mortality effects of Hurricane Gilbert in Haiti","authors":"B. Reid, W. Psoter, B. Gebrian, Jodi A. Psoter, M. Wang","doi":"10.1080/15031430701855470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15031430701855470","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To investigate the possibility of delayed health effects of a natural disaster and develop insight into the circumstances where such delays may be likely, we examined the existing Haitian Health Foundation (HHF) database of children for the years surrounding the events of Hurricane Gilbert. Subjects and methods: The HHF database was limited to records of children with valid entries that were age 60 months or younger and who first entered the HHF program between the years of 1988 and 1992. This resulted in a sample of 4413 children available for the study. The outcomes for this study were malnutrition and mortality. Results: Haitian children appear to have been immediately affected by Hurricane Gilbert through increased levels of malnutrition and mortality. Even higher numbers of pediatric deaths were recorded throughout the following year, after which the number of deaths decreased and began a return toward pre‐Gilbert levels. Conclusion: Our study found substantial amounts of delayed mortalit...","PeriodicalId":257480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Disaster Medicine","volume":"9 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120848240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Promotion of Disaster Medicine to a scientific discipline – a slow and painful, but necessary process 将灾难医学提升为一门科学学科——一个缓慢而痛苦的过程，但却是必要的
International Journal of Disaster Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15031430310034480
S. Lennquist
{"title":"Promotion of Disaster Medicine to a scientific discipline – a slow and painful, but necessary process","authors":"S. Lennquist","doi":"10.1080/15031430310034480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15031430310034480","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":257480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Disaster Medicine","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122590621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 21
In the wake: tsunami pathology – then and now, Krabi province, southern Thailand 海啸过后:海啸病理学——当时和现在，泰国南部甲米省
International Journal of Disaster Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15031430600720502
Luke J. Johnson, Angela R. Travis
{"title":"In the wake: tsunami pathology – then and now, Krabi province, southern Thailand","authors":"Luke J. Johnson, Angela R. Travis","doi":"10.1080/15031430600720502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15031430600720502","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The tsunami of 26 December 2004 was responsible for the infliction of widespread death and injury across many countries bordering the Indian Ocean. In Krabi province, southern Thailand, the main provincial hospital ultimately received the bulk of the province's injured survivors including many tourists from outlying islands and beaches. This study aimed to observe the natural history of injuries and evolution of pathology following the effects of the Asian tsunami in Krabi province, with a view to gaining better understanding of the types of medical challenges that may follow in the wake of such events. Methods: A retrospective audit of patients' case notes from tsunami‐related presentations and subsequent follow‐up was gathered. Demographics and nature of injuries were collected and simple descriptive statistics were employed. Results: The majority of injuries at the time consisted of deep lacerations, fractures and aspiration syndromes and, over the first week, 1357 trauma victims were treat...","PeriodicalId":257480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Disaster Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130730179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The bomb explosion in Myyrmanni, Finland 2002 2002年芬兰迈尔曼尼的炸弹爆炸事件
International Journal of Disaster Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15031430310029062
P. Örtenwall, O. Almgren, Edward Deverell
{"title":"The bomb explosion in Myyrmanni, Finland 2002","authors":"P. Örtenwall, O. Almgren, Edward Deverell","doi":"10.1080/15031430310029062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15031430310029062","url":null,"abstract":"On the evening of 11 October 2002, a 19-year-old student detonated a home-made bomb inside the Myyrmanni shopping mall, located in the city of Vanda (Vantaa) just north of Helsinki, Finland. The device was an anti-personnel type of bomb (equal to 2-3 kg of trotyl with a covering of steel and copper pellets) made from easily available materials and from instructions available over the Internet. It was hidden in a backpack and detonated in the middle of a crowd of people who were watching a clown's performance. Five people were killed instantly, two died later, and more than 160 persons were injured.The management of the incident caused a major strain on the Emergency Medical Services as well as the hospitals within Helsinki. This report discusses weaknesses in the command and control system (mainly from communication failures) ways to improve a coordinated response in the future.","PeriodicalId":257480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Disaster Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126784706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Hospital Preparedness for Incidents with Chemical Agents 医院对化学制剂事故的准备
International Journal of Disaster Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15031430310000865
M. Debacker
{"title":"Hospital Preparedness for Incidents with Chemical Agents","authors":"M. Debacker","doi":"10.1080/15031430310000865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15031430310000865","url":null,"abstract":"Although a chemical terrorist attack is a low-probability event for any single community, recent events have demonstrated that exposure to chemical agents has the potential to pose serious problems for hospitals. The community expects that hospitals are adequately prepared for timely and appropriate medical care of casualties of incidents involving weapons of mass destruction. At present, the medical community has limited experience with these agents and the majority of hospitals are inadequately prepared to deal with such an event. This article presents an overview of hospital preparedness in general and some real issues for hospitals affected by an event involving chemical agents, and discusses specific aspects including identification of the incident, staff and hospital protection, decontamination, triage, logistics, training, and psychological effects. Much research needs to be done to improve the preparedness and response capabilities of hospitals.","PeriodicalId":257480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Disaster Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114220870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
The Importance of Maintaining Simplicity in Planning and Preparation for Major Accidents and Disasters 在重大事故和灾难的计划和准备中保持简单的重要性
International Journal of Disaster Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15031430410026758
S. Lennquist
{"title":"The Importance of Maintaining Simplicity in Planning and Preparation for Major Accidents and Disasters","authors":"S. Lennquist","doi":"10.1080/15031430410026758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15031430410026758","url":null,"abstract":"Disaster medicine is still a young discipline. Half a century ago very few people, the military organization as a natural exception, did not recognize any need of planning and preparation for a sudden exposure to a high number of traumatized or critically ill patients. The general and accepted philosophy was that good skills in 'normal' management of trauma and critical care was sufficient for the medical profession. The capacity of the major hospitals was also until the end of the 20th Century usually sufficient to receive an additional high number of casualties. As an example, textbooks in disaster medicine stated that 50 percent of the beds in a major hospital could be rapidly available by sending home patients who could manage without in-patient care. While this might have been true at the time, this is certainly not the case now. Today, especially in high-tech countries, hospital facilities are, or at least should be, optimally utilized 24 hours a day, the 'reserve capacity' being minimal or non-existing. This editorial describes the current state of hospital system disaster planning and makes recommendations for a renewed planning process.","PeriodicalId":257480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Disaster Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125704504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Disaster medicine education for physicians: a systematic review 医师灾害医学教育:系统回顾
International Journal of Disaster Medicine Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/15031430701207748
G. Cummings, F. D. Corte, G. Cummings
{"title":"Disaster medicine education for physicians: a systematic review","authors":"G. Cummings, F. D. Corte, G. Cummings","doi":"10.1080/15031430701207748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15031430701207748","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Events such as September 11, 2001, the 2005 tsunami in southeast Asia, and hurricane Katrina in the United States have emphasized the necessity for disaster medicine education in medical schools internationally. Society expects that physicians will be capable of planning for and managing the consequences to mankind of natural and man‐made disasters. Objective: The purpose of this systematic review was to examine articles related to disaster medicine in indexed peer‐reviewed journals, describing courses for medical students, physicians and medical military, before and after September 11, 2001. Method: This was a systematic review, from 1985 to 2006, in the English language, of four bibliographic databases (ERIC, MEDLINE, Embase, and Healthstar). Methodological quality assessment of courses described in the included articles was completed using the Learning Outcomes Inventory (LOI), which was developed to assess four key components for managing medical education: course objectives, course cont...","PeriodicalId":257480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Disaster Medicine","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132771638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
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