Pakistan Journal of Public Health最新文献

{"title":"Opinion of Doctors on Discrimination of Female Patients Suffering from Hepatitis C During Pregnancy at Public and Private Hospitals of Islamabad","authors":"Addul Naeem, Fozia Rashid, Shagufta Faisal, Waheed Majeed, Ramza Rukia, Shabana Saleem","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1109","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis C is viral disease that affects the liver in humans; globally it is very prevalent disease and a frequent cause of death. This study explored the HCV screening pattern during pregnancy and to establish national guidelines for HCV screening in the light of international guidelines during pregnancy based on suggestions of experts.\u0000Methods: A mix method cross sectional survey was conducted including gynecologist and obstetricians professionals working in the different government and private medical institutions. Sixty-four professionals were selected for quantitative part while fifteen were selected for the qualitative part. In dept interviews were conducted and using a questionnaire quantitative data was collected. Data was presented in the narrations, graphs and tables. Frequencies and proportions were calculated.\u0000Results: Among the study participants 85.9% experts agreed that we can follow international guidelines for HCV screening in our settings. The majority of the experts provided that National screening guidelines should be based on risk factor based. It was observed by the expert opinion that there is social and mental stigma among the pregnant females positive for HCV i.e. Feel badly labeled 73.4%, Discrimination during antenatal visits 29.7%, Discrimination during delivery 56.2%, Not sure about breast feeding 81.2%, Problem facing during baby care 50%, Personal relationship problems 65.6%, Problems at family level 59.3%, Social discrimination 73.4%, Mental stress 79.6% and Discrimination at job/work place 48.4%. Study participants provided that universal screening during pregnancy is necessary because of the various reasons including safety of the health care providers and to aware the health care providers about the safety measures during handling of a HCV positive case, Prevent the vertical transmission and it will provided the estimate about the HCV burden among the population especially among the pregnant population.\u0000Conclusion: Study concluded that there is social and mental stigma among the pregnant females positive for HCV.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121721430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Covid-19 Online Learning and its Impact on the Level of Understanding among Undergraduate Nursing and Physiotherapy First-Year Students","authors":"Gohar Ali, M. Hassan","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v12i3.685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v12i3.685","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 brought drastic changes and impacts on students around the world. Most of the students moved from face-to-face studies into online learning and that’s badly impacts their level of learning, regarding using online learning as a model and tool for learning. To know the level of understanding of students in online learning, to explore hinder factors in online learning, and to know the student's attitude towards online learning methods, we did this study.\u0000Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted in two of the private medical universities in Karachi. Data was collected through a well-defined structured questionnaire from 225 respondents after taking consent and data was analyzed through by statistical package for social sciences SPSS. T-test was used for analysis. The duration of the study was 4 weeks.\u0000Results: 89.3% of the student’s studies were affected due to online learning during COVID-19. The level of learning and understanding of 52% of the students were average, 18.7 % of the student’s level of learning and understanding was poor and 29.3% of student's level of understanding was good. The hinder factors during online learning were, 80.4% of the students were internet issues, 76.4% of students were voice/listening issues, and 74.2% of the students were facing an electric shutdown issue. Student's attitudes toward online learning was in that way that 52.4% of students said that online learning is not effective and 47.6% of students did not agree. 34.7% of the student's overall online learning experience were average, 25.8% of the students were below average, 6.7 % students were poor, and 32.9% of students were a good experience. 56.9% of students said that they will not recommend online learning.\u0000Conclusion: Online teaching has a negative impact on the level of learning and understanding of students. Internet issues, voice/listening, and electric shutdown are the hinder factors for online learning. Student's attitudes toward online learning was also negative and students were not preferred online Learning.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125368814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Female University Students of District Peshawar Regarding Blood Group","authors":"A. Khan, O. Ullah, S. Attaullah, Tabassum ., Saman Banaras","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v12i3.429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v12i3.429","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Knowledge about blood group and blood group related complications among female is important for wellbeing society and health family. The objective of the study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of female university students regarding blood group.\u0000Methods: This was a ten-month descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among female University students of district Peshawar from the duration of September 2018 to July 2019.  A total 222 female University students were randomly selected for this study. After taking written consent from the head of concern institution and responders a predesigned questionnaire containing information regarding knowledge about blood group, blood group related complication and blood group card availability were filled. Blood grouping of each participant was done through slide prick method. Data was gathered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21.\u0000Results: Among 222 female University students blood group card was available among 77 % female students. The results showed that majority blood group of the study population was B+ (30.6%) followed by O+ (30.2%) and A+ (28.4%). It was found that 78 (35.1%), 24 (10.8%), 131 (59.0%) and 146 (65.8%) female University students know about their blood group, Rh related complications, universal recipient blood group and universal donor blood group respectively. The study provided that 11 (5%) female University students provided wrong information about their blood group, self-report and performed blood group were not matched.\u0000Conclusion: Study provided a very low level of knowledge about blood group, and blood group related complication among female university students.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117179299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship of Gender to Prevalence, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Healthcare Workers Regarding Needle-stick Injuries in Tertiary Care Hospitals","authors":"Afrasyab Altaf, Ayman Javaid, M. Shabir, Sohrab Khan, Naveed Danish, Ghassan Jamshed Khan, Arshad Islam","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1079","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between gender and prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practice regarding needle-stick injuries.\u0000Methods: This is a cross-sectional study in which 240 healthcare workers from two tertiary care hospitals were recruited. A self-administered questionnaire was provided to the participating staff who had direct contact with the patients. We evaluated demographics, work-related characteristics, prevalence, knowledge, attitude and practice measures using the questionnaire.\u0000Results: Our study included 120 males and 120 females (total 240) healthcare workers. According to this study, the lifetime prevalence of needle stick injury among healthcare workers is 52.5% in Males and 75 % in females. Characteristics such as years of age, marital status, education, department, hours per week, work shift and knowledge were not related to increased tendency of needle-stick injuries. However, work type, work experience, attitude and practice are important predictors.\u0000Conclusion: Gender has a positive correlation with needle-stick injuries. The practice and attitude are important factors in determining the prevalence on needle-stick injuries in females.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128499005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear of COVID-19 in dentistry students: an evaluation of their knowledge and practices","authors":"M. M. Majeed, M. Anwar, M. Uzair, M. Bashir, Noureen Iqbal Syeda, Naseer Ahmed Tanoli","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v12i3.865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v12i3.865","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study's objective was to analyse the fear of COVID-19 among the dentistry student and the knowledge, attitude, and practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u0000Methods: It was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. An online survey form was designed and distributed to undergraduate dental students via google forms. A previously validated fear of coronavirus scale (FCV-19S) was used to analyse the fear. SPSS 21 was used for data entry and data analysis. Descriptive statistics were applied to calculate the frequencies of different variables. Independent t-test was executed to determine the difference of FCV-19S among gender and between public and private dental colleges. ANOVA was carried out to evaluate the difference in fear among different levels of BDS.\u0000Results: Data of 983 individuals from different dental colleges in Karachi, Pakistan, have been analysed. The majority of the students were females in 1st year and private sector dental colleges (P<0.001). The mean FCV-19S was 20.99 ± 6.48, which is higher than the cut-off value ?15. A highly significant difference in mean FCV-19S among the different variables has been observed (P<0.001). A significant difference has been observed among the gender (t (932) = -5.40, p<0.001) in all 4-years of BDS.\u0000Conclusion: Despite good knowledge and following the COVID-19 guidelines, fear is prevalent among the students.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"287 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115845605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Normal Weight Obesity with Dietary Habits Among Young Adults in Pakistan","authors":"Dua Arshad, Zoha Sohail, Noohela Khan","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1064","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Normal weight obesity (NWO) is a syndrome identified in normal weight subjects (BMI <25 kg/m2) in whom fat stores are above the recommendations, as per WHO definitions (>20% for men and >30% for women). These individuals might be characterized by insulin resistance, as well as by hypertriglyceridemia and high blood pressure despite having a body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m2. The results of several studies have confirmed the relationship between an unhealthy diet and the occurrence of normal weight obesity, whereas “healthy” dietary patterns oppose its occurrence. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of Normal weight obesity in targeted population and to determine its association with dietary habits.\u0000Methods: It was a Cross-sectional study conducted on 125 young adults (15-24 years). The sample was taken from Rashid Latif Medical College, Lahore via convenient sampling. The data was collected using a questionnaire which included anthropometric data and dietary history. The body fat percentage of participants was calculated using the Deurenberg equation. Dietary history was collected using a food frequency chart. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 25.\u0000Results: Frequency of Normal weight obesity among individual with healthy body mass index was 28.8% i.e. consumption of white rice/bread, starchy vegetables, flavored milk, cheese, junk food and confectionary was excessive among participants with normal weight obesity.\u0000Conclusion: Study concluded a positive association (p-value <0.05) between healthy dietary habits and body fat status.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132524814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Insight into Gender Specific Comparison of COVID-19 Patients in Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"A. Faisal, Naila Shoaib, N. Jamil, R. Batool","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1075","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The deadly disease, named SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2), which emerged in 2019, immediately spread across the world and killed millions of people. The aim of the current work was to find gender-based disparities in the people of Lahore, Pakistan in terms of COVID-19 severity.\u0000Methods: We examined the individuals (n = 1000) that visited two private diagnostic centers in Lahore, Pakistan, for COVID-19 testing between May 1, 2020, and December 31, 2020. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the individuals to confirm the COVID-19 disease by RT-PCR assay using “Sansure Biotech Inc. Nucleic Acid Detection Kit”. Clinical and demographic information of the respective individuals was also obtained. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel.\u0000Results: We did not find any major difference of COVID-19 positivity rate between men and women. Men's average age was 44.4 years, whereas women's average age was 40.9 years. The severity of the symptoms was remained equal in men and women however, majority of the women as compared to men were showing a greater number of symptoms (2 or 3) simultaneously. We found that some of the symptoms were associated with the specific gender, for example chills, loss of taste or smell, and muscle pain were only found among men. While headache was restricted to women only. We also observed that some of the symptoms were co-occurred frequently in only men, these included shortness of breath with flu and fever with flu, while in women the frequently co-occurred symptoms were sore throat with fever.\u0000Conclusion: COVID-19 infection is equally common in men and women of Lahore, Pakistan. Whereas the number and the type of symptoms of COVID-19 could vary across the gender. Understanding these gender disparities in terms of symptomatology may help to guide the local health authorities in allocating the available resources more efficiently.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133069770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Education in Preventing Breast Cancer among Rural Women of Pakistan: A Quasi-Experimental Study","authors":"Rabia Zaheer, Kainat Fatima","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v12i3.1043","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast Carcinoma (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among females of Pakistan. Pakistan is a low-middle-income country and breast self-examination (BSE) is an inexpensive and feasible method for early detection of any changes in breast tissue. Our study aimed to empower the rural women to be self-aware and self-detect initial stage of possible breast cancer and enable them to seeking healthcare on time.\u0000Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with women given health education about breast self-examination in rural settings of Islamabad, Pakistan. The pre and post intervention difference in knowledge and practices were tested through paired t-test.\u0000Results: During the pre-test, the knowledge (16.4%) and practice (16.7%) of BSE in women was low. Following intervention during the post-test, the knowledge of women about BSE increased to 99.4%, (t=21.585, p=0.000) and 56.7%, (t=11.613, p=0.000) of them practiced BSE in the previous month.\u0000Conclusion: In a country with high burden of breast cancer, women residing in rural areas and under low income quintile, breast self-examination can prove an effective strategy in addressing high prevalence of breast cancer among Pakistani females.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130607009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychological Impact of COVID-19 on University Students of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa (Pakistan) and Their Survival","authors":"S. Ali, Zahin Anjum, Sumbla Yousaf, Amina Rahat, Faryal Yousaf","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v12i3.835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v12i3.835","url":null,"abstract":"Background: COVID-19 is spreading quickly, producing excessive compact of distress and dissention in the community.\u0000Methods: The cross-sectional survey was used among students of University of Peshawar Pakistan. The designed questionnaire (hard and soft form) to measure anxiety, stress and depression under defined scales and survival strategies was used for assessment.\u0000Results: A total of 800 participants 59.0% females, 41.0% Males with mean age (22.98 ± 2.918 years,) participated in the study. The frequency of students having moderate anxiety, stress and depression (at their score range) was approximately 30.9%, 12.1% and 35.1% correspondingly. The 162 out of total respondents were watching/using media as survival strategy. Males had significantly less anxiety, Stress and depression scores than females. Additionally, those having a positive covid-19 are slightly increased of stress and anxiety, while family history or colleague with disease had significantly higher anxiety score than depression. The leading causes of distress associated with pandemic were found the uncertain and unstable situation in term of accessibility, travel and continuation of income resources.\u0000Conclusion: Covid-19 has been assessed with major impact on student’s psychological fitness. The frequent survival strategy implemented by university students in this study were watching/use of media, games/exercises, following of Covid-19 SOPs, comedy and religious activities. Therefore, it is recommended that mental health of students should not be abandoned during pandemic.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121761364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model for Developing Research Culture Experience at HITEC Institute of Medical Sciences","authors":"Bushra Anwar, Hamid Shafiq, Nasser Dar, Aashi Ahmed, Ibtisam Qazi, Nadia Nisar, Saima Umair, A. Haider, Naila Abrar, A. Hafeez","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v12i2.1036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v12i2.1036","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Research culture includes the way we support and reward research. An important element in developing it is the organization’s approach towards prioritizing research and providing an environment for enabling and facilitating researchers.\u0000Methods: This study is based on the findings of a pilot project initiated for developing research culture at Heavy Industries Taxila Education City Institute of Medical Sciences (HITEC IMS). A multidisciplinary team was assembled consisting of focal persons from all departments for collaboration with research cell. This team was trained and given goals for leading research projects in their departments. At the end of first quarter, the idea of this program was projected in form of a model for developing and evaluating research culture. \u0000Results A model was derived on the basis of experience and refined by the use of theories of change process, that was helpful in identifying input and process elements of the program. This was named as HITECh (Heading towards Innovation and Translating Evidence into Care of health) research model. Outcomes of the program were encouraging in terms of an increase in motivation, research thinking and number of research projects running in the college. The program was perceived by faculty as a great initiative and the whole research team supported it.\u0000Conclusion: The program was helpful in strengthening research culture at HITEC IMS, and a model developed during the process of formative evaluation can help in guiding other institutes for planning, implementing and evaluating similar programs.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130349850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}