Pakistan Journal of Public Health最新文献

Floods and Climate Change: An Impact on Women and Child Health 洪水与气候变化：对妇女和儿童健康的影响

Pakistan Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2024-03-03 DOI: 10.32413/pjph.v13i4.1325

Umair Maqbool Ahmed

引用次数: 0

Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Duration of HIV/AIDS on Scarcity of Vitamin-D among HIV Infected Patients 社会经济地位和HIV/AIDS病程对HIV感染者维生素d缺乏的影响

Pakistan Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1184

M. Javaid, Muhammad Abdullah Tariq, M. Sajid, Sammiya Uraneb, Qasim Zia, Muhammad Farooq Umer, M. M. Abbasi

{"title":"Impact of Socioeconomic Status and Duration of HIV/AIDS on Scarcity of Vitamin-D among HIV Infected Patients","authors":"M. Javaid, Muhammad Abdullah Tariq, M. Sajid, Sammiya Uraneb, Qasim Zia, Muhammad Farooq Umer, M. M. Abbasi","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1184","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Literature showed that HIV +ve individuals were deficient for vitamin D as well. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the topmost commonly observed abnormality and an independent prognostic marker of HIV disease. One of most communal comorbidities in HIV-1 patients is insufficiency of Vitamin D (Vit D), which is estimated by measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) concentrations. Patients having vitamin D levels < 20ng/ml (50nmol/l) were considered as having vitamin D deficiency. HIV infection and ART (antiretroviral therapy) may create risk factors for insufficiency of vitamin D, it also has a role in slowing down HIV ailment progression.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Medicine Department in Services Hospital Lahore from June 22, 2017 to December 22, 2017. 160 Patients with HIV confirmed by ELISA method were selected by non-Probability Consecutive sampling technique. Data was entered in SPSS v23.0 and Chi square test was applied.\u0000Results: Out of 160, 108(67.5%) were males, while 52(32.5%) were ladies. Frequency of Vitamin D deficiency was 111(69.4%). Results demonstrated that 61(38.1%) individuals had low socio-economic status, while 70(43.8%) and 29(18.1%) belonged to middle and high socio-economic status respectively. There were no significant differences between Vitamin D deficiency with socioeconomic status (p-value 0.060).\u0000Conclusion: Frequency of vitamin D deficiency is very high. This recommends that all HIV positive individuals should be considered for routine screening. Low serum calcium should prompt investigation of 25-OHD levels.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114907127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Demonstrator’s Knowledge Regarding the Prescription of Antibiotics for Endodontic Treatment 示范者关于牙髓治疗抗生素处方的知识

Pakistan Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1161

Hafiza Hina Irshad, Muhammad Sohaib Ashfaq, Ayesha Binte Ashfaq, Muhammad Amjad Ali, Shamsher Ali, Dil Rasheed, Mustafa Sajjid

{"title":"Demonstrator’s Knowledge Regarding the Prescription of Antibiotics for Endodontic Treatment","authors":"Hafiza Hina Irshad, Muhammad Sohaib Ashfaq, Ayesha Binte Ashfaq, Muhammad Amjad Ali, Shamsher Ali, Dil Rasheed, Mustafa Sajjid","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1161","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Since the discovery of antibiotics, they have been in use broadly for the treatment of odontogenic infections. Prescription is a dynamic, customized clinical process, and is considered as a vital determinant of good doctor/clinician. Aim of this study was to assess & evaluate the knowledge regarding the prescription of antibiotic during endodontic treatment and errors made by the house officers at Multan Dental College.\u0000Methods: This survey-based study was conducted among 40 house officers working at Multan Dental College. A survey form was designed, about the pattern of antibiotics prescription and the situations for which they were recommended by the House officers. The questionnaire investigated house officer's knowledge regarding the indications of prescription of antibiotics for different clinical signs that may well be related to the infections of the oral cavity.\u0000Results: The medication of choice was mostly Amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (52.6%) and Amoxicillin alone (47.3%). The greatest number of antibiotic prescriptions was written for acute apical abscess (62.8%) and patient with fever and malaise (62%). Overall, 12% of respondents always prescribed antibiotics after root canal therapy. In this study the greatest numbers of antibiotics prescribed were prophylactically for congenital heart diseases 69.7%, and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus 62.8%. Prosthetic joint in past 2 years 46.5% & Mitral valve prolapsed 34.9%.\u0000Conclusion: We conclude that here is a deficiency of knowledge & information about the proper indication, kind, and dose of antibiotics in the dental practice.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121774742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of the Influence of Risk Factors on the Incidence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in the Northern Pakistani Population 评估巴基斯坦北部人群口腔鳞状细胞癌(OSCC)发病率的危险因素

Pakistan Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1162

A. Ullah, N. Pervez, Muhammad Mohsin Javaid, S. Din, Sehrish Liaqat, M. Junaid

{"title":"Assessment of the Influence of Risk Factors on the Incidence of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in the Northern Pakistani Population","authors":"A. Ullah, N. Pervez, Muhammad Mohsin Javaid, S. Din, Sehrish Liaqat, M. Junaid","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1162","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of oral cancer, accounting for over 94 percent of all cases, with substantial disparities in occurrence among South Asian countries. In Pakistan its occurrence rate rises from last two decade. A combination of risk factor habit, duration and intensity doubles the rate of incidence.\u0000Methods: Fully informed consent was taken. Both genders having age 18-55 years and cases confirmed by biopsy reports were included in the study. A thorough history of the disease and risk factors were taken and labelled (smoking, alcohol consumption, and betel nut chewing) accordingly. Data was analysed using SPSS 20. Gender base stratification was done using chi-square test and significance was defined as a P value of ? 0.05.\u0000Results: In present study 110 (73.3%) male and 40 (26.7%) female patients. Mean ±SD of age of OSCC patients was 47.00± 9.170 years. Among the participants 9 (6.0%) smokers, 39 (26.0%) consumed alcohol, use betel and 24 (16.0%) areca nut pan. Association of smoking with gender was statistically significant (p=0.013). Similarly, betel nut chewing also showed statistically significant correlation with gender (p=0.044). Both alcohol and snuff did not show any statistically significant correlation with gender.\u0000Conclusion: The public should be aware of the association of the risk factors and development of oral cancer. Public health measures should be taken to prevent smoking and chewing tobacco.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122545396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dengue Fever Perception among Undergraduate Students at a Public Sector University, Rawalpindi 拉瓦尔品第某公立大学本科生对登革热的认知

Pakistan Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1204

Uzma Hassan, H. Rana, T. Jaffry, Hina Shan, R. Asif, Rubab Zulfiqar

{"title":"Dengue Fever Perception among Undergraduate Students at a Public Sector University, Rawalpindi","authors":"Uzma Hassan, H. Rana, T. Jaffry, Hina Shan, R. Asif, Rubab Zulfiqar","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1204","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dengue is the most widely distributed mosquito-borne viral disease in the world. It continues to spread rapidly because of climate change, rapid urbanization, and population growth. In the world population ranking Pakistan stands at number 6th position, having subtropical position. Due to growing cases, this study is undertaken to evaluate the perception of Dengue fever among the university students. Engagement of students and community to improve participation and mobilization for vector control is a key element to regulate the control interventions and strategies.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at National University of Medical Sciences Rawalpindi during July-Nov 2022 including 346 participants. Online survey was conducted using close ended structured questionnaire by using nonprobability convenience method. The age, gender, living status, accommodation status, and residential area of the students together with perceptions of undergraduate students regarding Dengue’s knowledge and prevention was recorded. Based on students’ correct answers, overall knowledge level assessment and prevention awareness level was calculated. Association of categorical variables were analysed using chi-square test. Statistical data analysis was carried out using commercially available software.\u0000Results: Out of 346 students, 58.6% had knowledge of dengue and 84.9% were aware about its prevention. The multi-variate analyses revealed that positive relationship exists between Dengue’s knowledge with age, gender, and residential area and between Dengue’s prevention awareness with age and gender (p<0.05).\u0000Conclusion: The overall knowledge and awareness of students regarding Dengue fever was found to be adequate, being higher among male than female students. The collaborative effort by all stakeholders can contribute towards enhancing the knowledge and awareness among students which will further reduce the risk of disease.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"226 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121624794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of One Window Services Model in Accessing Immunotherapies by Cancer Patients in a Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan: A Mixed Methods Study 巴基斯坦拉瓦尔品第某医院癌症患者获得免疫治疗的一个窗口服务模式的发展:一项混合方法研究

Pakistan Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1224

R. Arshad, A. Panza

{"title":"Development of One Window Services Model in Accessing Immunotherapies by Cancer Patients in a Hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan: A Mixed Methods Study","authors":"R. Arshad, A. Panza","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1224","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The primary cause of mortality, cancer, is predicted to rise 1.7 times in 2040 compared to 2018. Immunotherapies have transformed cancer treatment for advanced malignancies. Due to inadequate information, there are well-documented hurdles to getting cancer immunotherapies, increasing the disease's burden. This study aims to develop a One-Window Services Model (OWSM) for gaining access to cancer immunotherapies.\u0000Methods: This was a sequential explanatory mixed-method study. The quantitative part used interviewer-administered questionnaires including data on knowledge and attitude in conveniently selected 20 cancer patients, and data were analyzed through SPSS. The qualitative part used an open-ended questionnaire for In-depth interviews (IDIs) along with the results of the quantitative part in purposively selected seven tumor panel physicians (TPP) and analyzed by grounded theory. The study was conducted in a specialized tertiary care bone marrow hospital in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.\u0000Results: The findings of the quantitative part presented that 80% of cancer patients had poor knowledge about processes, and 90% had a positive attitude towards their cancer immunotherapies. The findings of the qualitative part presented additional evidence that explained some unclear issues and expanded the results of quantitative data, which were presented as a broader theme “tools for OWSM” through IDI and followed by development of ten steps of OWSM.\u0000Conclusion: The sequential explanatory mixed method was considered appropriate for developing the ten steps of OWSM since it involved knowledge and attitude as integral parts of behavior change of patients based on Andersen’s theoretical framework of health service use and the advice of experts. Moreover, the model will be tested in an experimental effectiveness trial planned in next phase .","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124055264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bionomics of Hard Ticks and Risk Factors in Larkana Division, Sindh, Pakistan 巴基斯坦信德省拉卡纳地区硬蜱的生物学和危险因素

Pakistan Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1203

Shakira Dhamrah, N. Birmani, N. Baloch

引用次数: 0

Ergonomic Evaluation of Workstation of University Administrative Staff in Rawalpindi and Islamabad 拉瓦尔品第和伊斯兰堡大学行政人员工作站的人机工程学评价

Pakistan Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1225

Shanza Fatima, Afnan Farooqi

{"title":"Ergonomic Evaluation of Workstation of University Administrative Staff in Rawalpindi and Islamabad","authors":"Shanza Fatima, Afnan Farooqi","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1225","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Workstation ergonomic designs, if inappropriate, can lead to exposure to risk factors of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate workstation ergonomic risk factors of university administrative staff.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on administrative staff workers in the universities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad from July 2021- June 2022. Nonprobability convenient sampling was employed to recruit a sample size of 351 university admin staff employees aged 20 to 60 years, both male and female, who work on computer for 6-8 hours. Data was collected through a self-structured demographic form and Rapid Office Strain Assessment (ROSA) tool. Data was entered and analyzed on SPSS v.21. The results were expressed as descriptive statistics and reported in averages. The qualitative variables were reported as frequencies and percentages.\u0000Results: The study comprised of 107 (30.5%) females and 244 (69.5%) males with a mean age of 34.80 ± 9.118 years. Results showed that the mean total ROSA score was 6.07 ±1.195. Categorizing the risk level, 242 (68.9%) fell in high risk and only 30 (8.5%) were classified in low-risk and those in the warning zone were 79 (22.5%). The highest at risk score was observed for keyboard and lowest for chair height of workstation. Total ROSA score was highest in administrative accounts department with a mean of 6.47±1.080.\u0000Conclusion: The university administrative staff were at considerably higher risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders due to poor ergonomic computer workstations. The highest score was observed for keyboard placement, followed by back support. Moreover, individuals working in the administrative accounts department were at the highest ergonomic risk.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114074641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Monkey Pox - An Emerging Public Health Concern for Pakistan 猴痘——巴基斯坦新出现的公共卫生问题

Pakistan Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1214

Umair Maqbool, I. Hussain, S. Soofi

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Physical and Mental Health of Children Living in Orphanages in Islamabad- A Cross-Sectional Survey 伊斯兰堡孤儿院儿童身心健康评估——横断面调查

Pakistan Journal of Public Health Pub Date : 2023-06-30 DOI: 10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1219

Farah Aziz Aziz, Hafsa Nasrullah Nasrullah, Raabia Tayyab, Z. Mustehsan, Iffat Noreen, H. Hannan, Rimsha Fatima, Furqan Nasir, Maham Sherazi, Nida Batool

{"title":"Assessment of Physical and Mental Health of Children Living in Orphanages in Islamabad- A Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"Farah Aziz Aziz, Hafsa Nasrullah Nasrullah, Raabia Tayyab, Z. Mustehsan, Iffat Noreen, H. Hannan, Rimsha Fatima, Furqan Nasir, Maham Sherazi, Nida Batool","doi":"10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32413/pjph.v13i2.1219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood holds immense significance in shaping the physical, mental, and emotional growth of children. Orphaned children face heightened susceptibility to encountering various physical and mental health challenges, thereby depriving them of the opportunity to experience optimal well-being throughout their childhood and beyond. Pakistan is home to an estimated 4.6 million orphaned children, with the majority being under the age of 17. The objective of the study was to assess the mental and physical health of children living in orphanages of Islamabad and Rawalpindi.\u0000Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted on a sample of 110 children aged 7 to 18 years, living in orphanages of Rawalpindi and Islamabad to assess their physical and mental health. Anthropometric measurements were taken and the presence or absence of anxiety was determined by using the “Revised Children Manifest Anxiety Scale” (RCMAS) questionnaire.\u0000Results: 50% of the study population was underweight based on their BMI, while 46.36% had normal weight and 1.82% were overweight or obese. Out of the 33 male participants, 20 were found to be underweight. The results of the RCMAS scoring revealed that 20.9% of the children had anxiety, with a higher prevalence among females as compared to males.\u0000Conclusion: Prevalence of underweight was found to be higher among male orphans. Female orphans were more likely to experience anxiety and depression as compared to males.","PeriodicalId":256876,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Public Health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130270905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0