American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Clozapine as an Effective Antipsychotic in Treatment Resistant Mania: Two Case Reports","authors":"M. H. Aoun, R. Jomli, H. Jemli, Dorsaf Habbachi, Y. Zgueb, U. Ouali","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPN.20210903.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPN.20210903.15","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolar mood disorder (BD) is a severe debilitating mental disorder, and a number of patients are resistant to standard treatment. We report two clinical cases of treatment resistant mania (TRM) responsive to clozapine. Mrs. A and Mrs. B are two BD patients aged 30-year-old and 34-year-old respectively. They had a similar age of BD onset at 16 years old. They both had five manic episodes at least before they had the TRM. Mrs. A had a history of allergy to haloperidol. She presented a manic episode that was unresponsive to olanzapine 20 mg daily, risperidone 4 mg daily and lithium 1,250 mg daily. Mrs. B had a history of a mania non-responsive to the association of lithium and olanzapine 20 mg daily and a history of severe depression under lithium and haloperidol 30 mg daily. She presented a manic episode resisting the association of lithium 1000 mg daily, carbamazepine 600 mg daily, quetiapine 100 mg daily and chlorpromazine 150 mg daily. They both eventually received clozapine uptitrated gradually to 300 mg daily with lithium (1,000-1,250 mg daily) with satisfactory clinical response within three weeks of starting clozapine. Clozapine seems to be efficacious in TRM. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to strengthen its evidence based indication in TRM.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131338400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Writer's Cramp in Yaoundé (Cameroon): Series of 5 Cases","authors":"Mbonda Paul-Cedric, G. Daniel, Noutsa Laura, F. Yannick, Djientcheu Vincent de Paul","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPN.20210903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPN.20210903.11","url":null,"abstract":"Writer's cramp is focal dystonia, occurring during writing. Its prevalence is very low in the general population and this pathology therefore considered a rare disease. Its diagnosis is clinical but treatment is still a problem in developing countries because botulinum toxin is not yet available. There is little data in sub-Saharan Africa on writer's cramp. We report a series of 5 cases observed at the Yaounde General Hospital (Cameroon). Methods: We carried out descriptive and prospective work, in which we collected clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary data from patients who came for outpatient consultations for the writer's cramp during 2020 at the Yaounde General Hospital. Results: The prevalence of this pathology in neurology consultation was 0.29%. These were three women and two men, with an average age of 32.8 years. All had non-contributory personal and family backgrounds. They all received a drug treatment based on trihexyphenidyle, muscle relaxants, anxiolytics, associated with physiotherapy. Baclofen was started in the event of failure on trihexyphenidyl, only one patient received botulinum toxin. The outcome was favorable in a single patient, two-thirds of the patients learned to write with the opposite hand. Conclusion: Writer's cramp is an infrequent condition, very often underdiagnosed. It has a real impact on the quality of life because care is difficult, particularly in our context.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115682725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BAG1 Overexpression Stabilizes High Molecular Tau Protein – a Crucial Role of the Co-chaperone in Tau Pathology","authors":"Sandra C. Signore, F. Wouters, M. Schmitz, M. Baehr, P. Kermer","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPN.20210902.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPN.20210902.18","url":null,"abstract":"The Bcl-2-associated athanogene-1 (BAG1) exerts neuroprotective properties which has been shown in several studies of neurodegenerative disease models like Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and even cerebral ischemia. On the basis of the well-known neuroprotective function of the co-chaperone, we wanted to examine its properties in a model for Alzheimer’s disease, a neurological disorder of great significance. One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease, besides extracellular plaque formation, is the intra-neuronal accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated tau protein that leads to tau aggregation. When overexpressed together with a tau mutant with high propensity for aggregation, BAG1 led to the stabilization of high-molecular tau fragments in rat CSM 14.1 cells compared to wild-type cells. Deletion of the domain in BAG1 that is responsible for binding to Hsp70 (BAGΔC) abolished this effect, which could be confirmed by immunocytochemistry. In fact, BAG1 does not only increase mutant tau aggregation but also prevents its degradation by the proteasome. Immunochemistry revealed that overexpression of the Bcl-2-associated athanogene-1 gives rise to large tau aggregates surrounded by lysosomes. Furthermore, toxicity assays indicated increased tau toxicity in BAG1 overexpressing cells. Hence, in contrast to other neurodegenerative diseases, BAG1 seems to enhance Alzheimer´s pathology and to promote cell death due to the stabilization of aggregation-prone tau species that evade proteasomal clearance. To conclude, this analysis provides a new sight of the co-chaperone BAG1 and yet again demonstrates its complex influence in a model of Alzheimer’s disease.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122522022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embodied Virtual Reality Mirror Visual Feedback for an Adult with Cerebral Palsy","authors":"K. Bullock, A. S. Won, J. Bailenson, Julie Muccini, Margot Paul, Helen Bronte Stewart","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPN.20210902.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPN.20210902.16","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality-assisted physical therapy and mirror visual feedback (MVF) are promising treatments for children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, thus far, neither interventions’ use has been reported in adults with CP. The following case report examines the safety and feasibility of using customized virtual reality (VR) interventions to deliver MVF to an adult with hemiplegic CP and right sided pain, weakness, and dystonias. A weekly intervention was delivered in an ambulatory care setting over one year. Self-reported pain, motor function, anxiety, disability, quality of life and depression were monitored weekly. The treatment was acceptable and well tolerated with no instances of cybersickness. The intervention showed immediate and consistent pain relief during treatment, similar to those reported in other studies, with the percentage of pain relief during sessions ranging from 6.25% to 38.5%. Motor function, including range of motion, control, and dexterity, were improved per patient report. However, the duration of pain relief lasted only 2–4 days between sessions. The authors believe that the present findings may inspire others treating adults and children with CP to explore the use of MVF and VR to enhance rehabilitation with an emphasis on adapting technologies for home use. Further implications of these findings for the future are discussed.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133943284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Involvement with Juvenile Justice System as a Motivational Factor for Treatment for Adolescents with Substance Abuse Disorder: Their Parents’ Views","authors":"Georgia Efstathiadou","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPN.20210902.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPN.20210902.15","url":null,"abstract":"The paper at hand aims at exploring whether engagement with the penal judicial system can affect drug using adolescents’ decision to seek treatment, by studying the relative views and beliefs of their parents. The main research questions are concerned with the parents’ beliefs about the effect of the judicial institutions (e.g. police, prosecutors, judges, juvenile probation officers) and the enforcement of reformative – treatment measures on motivating youths. A Likert-based scale was used as the main data collection tool, as it was considered most suitable with respect to the study’s goals, research questions and theoretical grounding. Data were descriptively analysed using the SPSS software, looking into the frequency distributions and the correlation matrices of the variables of interest. Results show that all parents consider the effect of the judicial institutions’ involvement on the motivation of the juvenile addicted offenders as very significant. According to the participants’ responses, intense policing, the involvement of the juvenile prosecutors and probation officers, the application of a personalized intervention model, the enforcement of reformative measures and the referral - by the judicial authorities - to a rehabilitation program, can all have a decisive effect on an adolescent’s decision to discontinue drug use.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114905311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain Laterality Demands that Two Human Species Exist: Evidence from Hemisity and Familaial Polariity","authors":"B. Morton","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPN.20210902.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPN.20210902.12","url":null,"abstract":"The asymmetric location of functional units in the bilateral brain of animals and humans is the topic of brain laterality. So far, five lateralized functions have been discovered in humans: handedness, language ability, spatial skills, facial recognition, and emotion recognition. Recently a sixth asymmetric functional element bearing upon personality has been discovered. It is the larger side of the split bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). This appears to be the final output element of the brain’s executive system, of which by logic there can be only one. Hemisity is the binary measure, based upon eight MRI validated biophysical and questionnaire methods. It determines whether a person was born with the larger side of the ACC on the right or left side of the brain. Which side of the ACC is largest varies among the general population in a seemingly random manner, yet with a genetic basis because true-breeding lineages exist. The corpus callosum of subjects was up to three times larger when the larger ACC was on the right, than on the left. There are over 30 measurable differences in in individual characteristics and behaviors of male or female persons whose larger ACC was on the right compared to those with it on the left. Familial Polarity refers to the mating outcomes of the four reproductive pairs: RM-LF; RF-LM; RM-RF; LM-LF. The first two “opposites attract” reproductive pairs were true breeding, producing offspring that were “like father like son, like mother like daughter”. The offspring of the last two “same-same” pairs, were not true breeding, but rather their offspring were random in sex and hemisity. The simplest explanation for these results is that life on earth originated twice, once in deep sea vents and once in warm surface ponds. This resulted in two trees of life, one Patripolar (RM-LF) harem forming, the other Matripolar (RF-LM) territorial. Africa was the first subcontinent to evolve life to the level of primates, which upon docking populated the eastern hemisphere Eurasia in six waves. The first was the patripolar orangutans who settled in the empty far-east to become the orientals. Then next wave was the matripolar bonobos who stopped at India, and was followed by four later waves out of Africa. These alternating populations were immiscible and adversarial, with wars dominating their interfaces. This continues into the present day. Understanding Familial Polarity helps bring understanding and thus peace to the globe.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130040187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Mental Health Act and Public Perception on Resource Allocation in Bangladesh","authors":"M. Siraj, R. S. Dewey, Ikhtiar Uddin Bhuiyan, K. Hasan, Y. Ali, Ahnaf Tahmid Arnab","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPN.20210902.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPN.20210902.13","url":null,"abstract":"The Bangladesh government passed a new Mental Health Act in 2018, which formally came into effect on November 14. In order to decrease the significance and endurance of the hundred-year-old statute, the Lunacy Act of 1912, the government enacted the new Act by reformation. The Act is designed to ensure the provision of health services, the preservation of dignity, property rights and rehabilitation, and the general wellbeing of individuals suffering from diseases and disorders associated with mental health. The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of public opinions around mental health with regard to resource allocation by policy makers in Bangladesh. By reviewing mental health policy documents and the political literature on resource allocation in mental health, this study finds that despite the provisions of the Act, the lack of public support in mental health often discourages policymakers from allocating appropriate medical resources in mental health services. Since Bangladeshis generally perceive mental illness as a divine punishment apportioned by devil spirit or jinee, public support for mental health services is lacking. Consequently, Bangladeshi policy makers are discouraged from allocating the necessary resources and services in mental health. At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh, the shortage of facilities and funds for mental health was acute, creating a huge burden on families of people with mental illness. In order to provide psychological and mental welfare services to its mentally ill and disorder-related patients, the government of Bangladesh must allocate the required resources in mental health.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127704786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Morbidity in Elderly Patients Attending OPD of Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital","authors":"Bhaskkar Sharma, R. Shrestha","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPN.20200801.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPN.20200801.14","url":null,"abstract":"INTRODUCTION: Geriatric psychiatry patients are increasing but enough work has not been done in this area of Nepal. We conducted this study to find out the prevalence of different psychiatric morbidities in elderly population and to find out if there are any age and gender specific differences.\u0000MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medical records of psychiatric patients above 65 years of age visiting outpatient department of Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospitalfrom April 1, 2018 to March 31, 2019 were reviewed. Risks of having different psychiatric disorders was estimated using odds ratio.\u0000RESULTS: A total of 300 cases were enrolled in the study. Mean age of the study group was 71.49(SD=6.99). There were more females. Depressive disorderwas the most common diagnosis followed by somatoform disorder, anxiety disorder, dementia and others. Depressive disorder was higher in females and in younger subgroup of the elderly patient.The risk of having dementia was higher in older group.\u0000CONCLUSION: Depressive disorder was the most common psychiatric disorderfollowed by somatoform disorder in elderly patients above 65 years of age. Male patients were more likely to suffer psychiatric disorder as compared to females in this age.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130249360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Radiological Abnormalities Among Psychiatric Inpatients: A Study from the United Arab Emirates","authors":"Amir A Mufaddel, Ghanem Al Hassani, Shakhboot Al Bedwawi, O. Osman","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPN.20190704.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPN.20190704.19","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This is a cross sectional retrospective study aimed to estimate the prevalence of brain aberrations visible on computed tomography (CT) scan or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in psychiatric patients admitted to the main tertiary hospital of Alain city in the United Arab Emirates. Methods: Between January 2011 and December 2013, 1,586 patients were admitted study of patients admitted to the psychiatric ward in Al Ain Hospital. Head CT or brain MRI was requested for 295 (19%) patients. Results: Ninety-four (31.8%) of the 295 patients had abnormalities on the CT or MRI. The most common finding was calcification, detected in 21 (22.3%) patients. The most common site of calcification was the basal ganglia (15 patients, or 16%). Multiple site involvements were also common (16 patients, or 17%). Other types of brain abnormalities included evolutionary changes (dilated ventricles, atrophy and prominent sulci) reported in 13 patients which represent 4.4% of the total sample and 13.8% of those with positive findings. Similar number was reported for patients with findings of vascular lesions (ischemic changes / infarction). Basal ganglia was the most common site of reported involvement occurring in 19 subjects and representing 6.4% of the total sample and 20.2% of those with positive findings. Common age at presentation with positive findings was 30-39y. Conclusions: Radiological abnormalities are common among psychiatric inpatients. Future studies are needed to identify the potential significance of these findings and correlate them with patient’s psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131060376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental State of the Workers of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS) in Benin in 2018","authors":"Gansou Grégoire Magloire, Eganhoui Denis, Klikpo Elvyre, Gnansounnou Glele Alda Lidwine Ekoundayo, Houessou Patrick Yélindo Dossou","doi":"10.11648/J.AJPN.20190704.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJPN.20190704.18","url":null,"abstract":"The work environment is an environment at risk for the psychological well-being of workers. This research is conducted on a population of 348 workers from the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MESRS) in Benin. It was a cross, descriptive study, with an analytical goal, with non-probabilistic sampling, and by convenience. The research tools were documentation, SATIN scales, interview and observation. The results processed and analyzed by the Excel software, and R show that the general health is poor in 14.7% of workers, average in 27.9%, and good in 57.5%. Psychological health is poor in 10.3%, average in 18.1%, and good in 71.6%. Physical health is poor in 6.1% of workers, average in 24.4%, and good in 69.6%. Similarly, stress is bad for 13.5% of workers, average for 37.7%, and good for 48.8%. Psychosomatic symptoms are poor in 19.6% of workers, average in 21.1% and 59.2%. The symptoms are poor in 31.0% of workers, average in 16.5%, and good in 52.5%. The well-being of this population is attributable to several factors, the predominant element of which is the organizational environment and its conditions. Better consideration of the factors that strengthen human capital is essential for the physical and psychological well-being of MESRS workers.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115744109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}