American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and Factors Associated with Psychological Distress Among Adolescents in Sierra Leone in 2017","authors":"Tchedie Etdechie Elvyre Klikpo, A. Kpozèhouen, Yolaine Glèlè Ahanhanzo, Lucrece Anagonou, Emilie Fiossi Kpadonou, D. Houinato, Josiane Ezin Houngbe, R. Salamon","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpn.20221001.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20221001.12","url":null,"abstract":": Adolescent mental health problems are a public health challenge around the world and particularly in a country like Sierra Leone that has experienced war and the Ebola virus epidemic. Adolescents may suffer from psychological distress with school and family determinants. The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with psychological distress among school-going adolescent in Sierra Leone. This involved the secondary analysis of the data from the Sierra Leone, 2017 Global School-based Student Health Survey (GSHS). The dependent variable was “psychological distress,” which was assessed using two questions: 1) “In the past 12 months, how often have you worried about something to the point of not being able to sleep at night?” and 2) “In the past 12 months, how often have you felt lonely?” A weighted analysis of the data was performed using the software STATA version 12.0 (Stata Corporation, College Station, Texas, United States). One in two adolescents surveyed was male (51.53%). The average age of these school-going adolescents was 15.32±1.73 years. The average age of the boys was 15.37±1.74 years and that of girls was 15.15±1.66 years. The prevalence of psychological distress in this population was 26.81% CI95%=[24.91 - 28.70]. The boys seemed to suffer more of psychological distress than the girls (28.95% CI95%=[26.12 - 31.78] vs 24.54% CI95%=[22.05 - 27.01]). The factors associated with psychological distress among school-going adolescents were bullying, lack of respect for their privacy, alcohol and/or cannabis use, multiple sexual partnerships and sedentary lifestyle. The psychological distress among adolescents in Sierra Leone is real. Knowing the risk factors for psychological distress in adolescents will improve its prevention and promote the mental health of these future adults.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127374987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mind-Brain Dynamics in the Pathophysiology of Psychiatric Disorders","authors":"Michael Raymond Binder","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpn.20221002.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20221002.11","url":null,"abstract":": Short of a comprehensive understanding of psychiatric disorders, two parallel but phenomenologically different schools of thinking continue to guide treatment: the psychological school and the biological school. Yet both of these schools of thinking have major shortcomings. The psychological school does not explain how psychopathology is related to neuropathology, and the biological school does not explain how neuropathology is related to psychopathology. However, a new hypothesis contends that the mind and the brain influence each other. “Mind” in this sense does not refer to a psychic manifestation of complex neurological activity but rather an independent entity that has the ability to think, emote, and access memory either in connection with neurological activity or independent of it. An important consequence of this is that mental stress could hyperactivate the brain, and hyperactivity in the brain could cause mental stress, thus creating a vicious cycle of mutual overstimulation between the mind and the brain. According to the multi-circuit neuronal hyperexcitability (MCNH) hypothesis of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric symptoms develop when normal thoughts and emotions become abnormally amplified, prolonged, or distorted by pathological hyperactivity in the related circuits in the brain. Although this pathological hyperactivity can sometimes be initiated by the brain alone, it is almost always initiated by a superimposition of mental and emotional stress upon an underlying hyperexcitability of the neurological system. This article will discuss how the interactions between the mind and the brain influence: 1) the development of psychiatric symptoms; 2) the nature of the psychiatric symptoms; and 3) the severity of the psychiatric symptoms. It will also discuss the possible means by which the cognitive-emotional system interacts with the neurological system and speculate about where, based on brain architecture and detailed clinical observations, that interaction occurs. Acquiring a better understanding of mind-brain dynamics could help solve the mystery of mental illness and allow clinicians to treat mental and neuropsychiatric disorders with greater precision and with greater success.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126822490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotraumatism in Burning Accident Victims: About 50 Patients at the Abidjan Burns Center","authors":"Ahounou Etobo Innocent, Traoré Brahim Samuel, Aka Rita Ahou, Djo Bi Djo François, Goncé Dion Aristide, Yéo-Ténéna Yessonguilana Jean-Marie","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpn.20210903.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20210903.22","url":null,"abstract":": Among the potentially traumatic events, burn accidents have the particularity of damaging the physical integrity of the victims while leaving psychological scars. The objective of this study is to investigate the attribution of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) to the presence of extensive body burn. This was a cross-sectional descriptive and analytical study that took place from May to August 2017 and which involved (50) fifty patients labeled severe burns. The burns were second degree superficial (63.50%) and affected between 1 and 10% of the body surface in 72% of cases. The event appealed to a sense of horror at the mention (28%). Post-traumatic stress disorder was found in 6% of victims. The chi-square test found a significant dependence with a P-value of 0.0043 between the PTSD score and the body surface area burned. The extent of the burn injuries in the victims, in addition to reflecting the severity of the accident, is a risk factor associated with the occurrence of psychotrauma. In a dual preventive and therapeutic approach, psychotraumatological follow-up should be offered to any major burn victim.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126934867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Challenge for Addiction Care-MSM with Chemsex Consumption Pattern","authors":"A. Iking, Katrin Gruemer","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpn.20210904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20210904.12","url":null,"abstract":"The present article reflects on the need for Men who have sex with men (MSM) with addicted chemsex consumption behavior and presents a specified treatment concept. The individual therapeutic challenges for this group of users consists of the distinct functionalization of substance use for initiating and engaging in sexual activity as well as the resulting strong association between sexual activity and substance use and vice versa. Intensive psychotherapeutic and addiction treatment is needed to decouple substance use and sexual activity, with the ultimate goal of promoting sexual activity without substance use. This treatment initially starts with stimulus control and continues to exposure and re-initiation of sexual activities without substance use. Since the first treatment inquiries through “Aidshilfe Cologne”, the salus klinik Huerth, department of addiction care, has developed a treatment approach for MSM with addicted chemsex behavior, which is focused on the function of drugs for sexual activity and aims at encouraging a lifestyle of engaging in sexual activity without substance use. The article provides information regarding the necessity of a specific treatment approach by comparing initial data about differences between MSM with chemsex as compared to men with other substance use behavior and examines implications for the practice.","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122515920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cyberaddiction Among Students at Alassane Ouattara University in Bouaké (Côte d'Ivoire): Prevalence and Associated Factors","authors":"Asseman Médard Koua, François Djo Bi Djo, Eméric Désiré Konandri, Akmé Sylvie Akpa, Damaukan Dimitri-Kevin Koffi, Enock Kouamé Kouadio, Yessonguilana Jean-Marie Yéo-Ténéna","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpn.20221001.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20221001.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133739070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Care and Care Arrangements for Pupils and Students Who Use Drugs in the Addiction Center in Grand-Bassam (Côte d'Ivoire)","authors":"François Djo Bi Djo, Asseman Médard Koua, Eméric Désiré Konandri, Akmé Sylvie Akpa, Damaukan Dimitri-Kevin Koffi, Yessonguilana Jean-Marie Yéo-Ténéna","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpn.20221002.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20221002.15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123540210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Psychobiological Treatment Versus Exclusive Psychological Treatment in Depressive Disorders","authors":"José Manuel Bertolín-Guillén","doi":"10.11648/j.ajpn.20231101.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpn.20231101.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":256299,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116284085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}