BiomaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123485
Jiajia Lu , Yongchuan Li , Jiao Cai , Xingwei Jin , Guangxin Chu , Hai Jin , Lei Zhu , Aimin Chen
{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘Biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy of crosslinked hydrogel filled 3D-printed nerve conduit for sacral nerve injury repair’ [Biomaterials, 320C, (2025), 123230]","authors":"Jiajia Lu , Yongchuan Li , Jiao Cai , Xingwei Jin , Guangxin Chu , Hai Jin , Lei Zhu , Aimin Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123485","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123485","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 123485"},"PeriodicalIF":12.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144264980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-10DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123494
Guangyin Li , Jianfeng Chen , Zhuo Wang , Qianqian Fu , Zhen Tian , Yingying Liu , Xin Ai , Chun Wang , Jiaxu Wang , Haobo Yang , Haichao Yang , Jiaxin Shan , Xiaoping Leng , Jiawei Tian , Shuangquan Jiang
{"title":"CCR2-targeted nanoparticles combined with sonodynamic therapy attenuates the acute rejection of heart transplants","authors":"Guangyin Li , Jianfeng Chen , Zhuo Wang , Qianqian Fu , Zhen Tian , Yingying Liu , Xin Ai , Chun Wang , Jiaxu Wang , Haobo Yang , Haichao Yang , Jiaxin Shan , Xiaoping Leng , Jiawei Tian , Shuangquan Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Donor heart-resident C–C chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2<sup>+</sup>) macrophages induce the recruitment of CCR2<sup>+</sup> monocytes to a transplanted hearts through the secretion of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), which mediates the incidence of acute rejection (AR). In this study, we synthesized MCP-1 peptide-modified polyethylene glycol-poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PEG-PLGA) nanoparticles loaded with the sonosensitizer dihydroporphyrin e6 (Ce6) and administered them via intramyocardial injection and used in combination with sonodynamic therapy (SDT) to selectively deplete donor cardiac-resident and infiltrating CCR2<sup>+</sup> macrophages. <em>In vitro</em> experiments confirmed that Ce6-NP-MCP-1 targets and has chemotactic effects on CCR2<sup>+</sup> macrophages, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of STD. In mouse heart grafts, the chemotactic effect of Ce6-NP-MCP-1 on CCR2<sup>+</sup> macrophages has been used to induce donor heart-resident and infiltrating CCR2<sup>+</sup> macrophages to aggregate and phagocytose nanoparticles in combination with SDT to induce macrophage apoptosis. This therapy inhibits the number of donor heart-resident CCR2<sup>+</sup> macrophages and downregulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory infiltration. In addition, it significantly prolongs the allograft survival time. Therefore, CCR2-targeted nanoparticles combined with SDT for the selective depletion of donor heart-resident CCR2<sup>+</sup> macrophages provide a promising paradigm for AR target treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 123494"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144270976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123492
Shuangjiao Sun, Ya Liu, Shuhuai Wang, Qinyi Gui, Wei Liu, Wei Long
{"title":"Micro-/nanomotors as platforms for gas therapy","authors":"Shuangjiao Sun, Ya Liu, Shuhuai Wang, Qinyi Gui, Wei Liu, Wei Long","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active delivery of therapeutic gases for disease intervention is an appealing but challenging task that requires breakthroughs in nanomaterial-based delivery systems. Micro-/nanomotors (MNMs) capable of efficiently converting diverse forms of energy into mechanical motion have inspired innovations in the gas delivery and therapy domains, offering an alternative possibility to address the challenges of targeted delivery and controlled gas release during therapy. This review thus comprehensively summarizes recent advances in employing MNMs as mobile platforms for precise gas delivery and therapy. The review begins with an introduction of the physiological functions of diverse therapeutic gases, including NO, H<sub>2</sub>S, CO, O<sub>2</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>. Then various proof-of-concept designs of artificial MNMs that can efficient propulsion in complex biological environments and intelligently release these gases in response to intrinsic or extrinsic stimuli are discussed. Particular emphasis has been placed on their potential in microenvironment modulation for disease treatment, aiming to demonstrate the distinct superiority of MNMs in this area. In addition, the key challenges and limitations of current MNMs utilized for gas therapy are addressed. It is believed that in the near future, MNMs will become sophisticated delivery platforms for facilitating gas therapy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 123492"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123493
Zijie Pei , Haojing Xu , Minzheng Guo , Weiyun Xu , Ya Wen , Fengpo Sun , Tongyi Zhang , Bo Peng , Piqian Zhao , Liangkun Huang , Mengyu Wang , Zhaoshuo He , Junzhi Liu , Zhichao Yang , Ze Zhang , Peng Wen , Liangyuan Wen
{"title":"A soft-hard hybrid scaffold for osteochondral regeneration through integration of composite hydrogel and biodegradable magnesium","authors":"Zijie Pei , Haojing Xu , Minzheng Guo , Weiyun Xu , Ya Wen , Fengpo Sun , Tongyi Zhang , Bo Peng , Piqian Zhao , Liangkun Huang , Mengyu Wang , Zhaoshuo He , Junzhi Liu , Zhichao Yang , Ze Zhang , Peng Wen , Liangyuan Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Osteochondral injuries are prevalent and difficult to treat in clinical practice. Traditional tissue engineering typically results in poor integration at the calcified cartilage interlayer, since they cannot address different needs from the cartilage and the supporting subchondral bone. This study presents a hybrid biological scaffold integrating soft and hard components to systematically adopt to osteochondral regeneration. The upper section consists of bioactive hydrogel, kartogenin (KGN), and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), replicating mechanical properties and chondrogenic potential of nature hyaline cartilage. The lower section utilizes a biodegradable metal magnesium (Mg) alloy scaffold with customized porous structure, providing mechanical response comparable to trabecular bone, along with regulated degradation and enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis. The bioactive hydrogel is compressed into the pores of Mg scaffold. Notably, the unique combination not only significantly improves mechanical response and fatigue resistance of the cartilage section but also maintains interface stability throughout the repair process. Accordingly, the hybrid scaffold effectively promotes the regeneration of both cartilage and subchondral bone simultaneously by upregulation of osteogenic and chondrogenic specific genes. Overall, this work provides valuable insights for treating osteochondral injuries by material–structure–function integrated strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 123493"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123451
Xiaoyu Xu , Brian T. Golz , Brennan T. Flannery , Maxime A. Gallant , Whitney A. Bullock , Teresita M. Bellido , Eric A. Nauman , Sherry L. Voytik-Harbin , Dianne Little , Russell P. Main
{"title":"The development of a collagen-nanoscale hydroxyapatite three-dimensional (3D) in vitro culture system for reproducing osteocyte differentiation and tissue mineralization","authors":"Xiaoyu Xu , Brian T. Golz , Brennan T. Flannery , Maxime A. Gallant , Whitney A. Bullock , Teresita M. Bellido , Eric A. Nauman , Sherry L. Voytik-Harbin , Dianne Little , Russell P. Main","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123451","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 123451"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123490
Chunbai Xiang , Yu Liu , Qihang Ding , Ting Jiang , Chao Li , Jingjing Xiang , Xing Yang , Yue Wang , Ting Yang , Wenxue Tong , Kun Qian , Qi Zhao , Zhiyun Lu , Zhen Cheng , Ping Gong
{"title":"Electron acceptor motif-manipulated NIR-II AIE photosensitizers synergically induce tumor pyroptosis through multimodal image-guided pure type I photodynamic and photothermal therapy","authors":"Chunbai Xiang , Yu Liu , Qihang Ding , Ting Jiang , Chao Li , Jingjing Xiang , Xing Yang , Yue Wang , Ting Yang , Wenxue Tong , Kun Qian , Qi Zhao , Zhiyun Lu , Zhen Cheng , Ping Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyroptosis, a form of programmed cell death, is known for its strong capacity to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD), triggering the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that amplify cancer immunotherapy. Recently, photocontrolled pyroptosis has emerged as a promising strategy within photodynamic therapy (PDT). Nonetheless, most existing photosensitizers exhibit a reliance on both type I and type II reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, which not only leads to suboptimal efficacy in hypoxic tumor environments but also limits therapeutic depth and selectivity. In this study, we report a lysosome-targeted aggregation-induced emission (AIE) photosensitizer, <strong>PTQ-TPA3</strong>, engineered through receptor unit loop fusion and rotor integration via molecular evolution strategies. <strong>PTQ-TPA3</strong> uniquely achieves highly efficient pure type I ROS generation, alongside near-infrared-II (NIR-II) fluorescence emission and photothermal conversion properties. Under the guidance of multimodal imaging modalities, including photoacoustic, NIR-II fluorescence, and photothermal imaging, <strong>PTQ-TPA3</strong> nanoparticles enable synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapy to drive robust ICD-mediated phototherapy. Furthermore, <strong>PTQ-TPA3</strong> demonstrates exceptional efficacy in hypoxic tumor environments by producing pure type I ROS while leveraging its photothermal effect to induce pyroptosis. This dual mechanism effectively eradicates cancer cells and stimulates systemic antitumor immunity, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 123490"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-09DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123491
Revathi Alexander , Xiaohua Liu
{"title":"Soft tissue integration around dental implants: A pressing priority","authors":"Revathi Alexander , Xiaohua Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While osseointegration has traditionally been the focal point of dental implant design, recent research highlights the equally crucial role of establishing a resilient and biologically integrated soft tissue seal for long-term implant success. This review critically examines recent advances (primarily from the past five years) that elucidate the molecular, cellular, and materials science strategies essential for enhancing peri-implant soft tissue integration. Key factors include precisely engineered surface topographies at micro- and nanoscale levels, surface chemical modifications that enhance wettability and protein adsorption, and biomimetic coatings incorporating extracellular matrix-derived peptides, chemokines, and growth factors. Recent studies underscore the impact of laser micro- and nano-texturing, plasma treatments, and biofunctionalization in modulating fibroblast and epithelial cell behaviors, accelerating tissue attachment, and mitigating early inflammatory responses. Emerging implant-abutment designs, such as platform switching and transmucosal zirconia abutments, demonstrate improved soft tissue stability and reduce crestal bone loss. Additionally, the immunomodulatory potential of next-generation materials offers promising avenues for directing macrophage polarization and enhancing wound resolution. Collectively, this review synthesizes the latest evidence on material-driven and biological strategies for engineering a stable soft tissue interface. It provides a translational roadmap for the development of implant systems optimized for long-term soft tissue health, addressing a critical unmet need in dental implantology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 123491"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123482
Xianshe Meng , Jianwen Song , Huawen Meng , Chenzhong Liao , Zequn Yin , Ke Gong , Deling Kong , Ji Qi , Yajun Duan
{"title":"Microenvironment-activatable nanoagent for real-time NIR-II monitoring and targeted therapy of arterial restenosis","authors":"Xianshe Meng , Jianwen Song , Huawen Meng , Chenzhong Liao , Zequn Yin , Ke Gong , Deling Kong , Ji Qi , Yajun Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123482","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123482","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arterial restenosis is a critical risk factor for life-threatening cardiovascular diseases. Precise intervention and real-time monitoring are extremely important but remain major clinical challenges. Here, we present an advanced theranostic nanoagent that integrates hypoxia-responsive second near-infrared (NIR-II) fluorescence imaging with hypoxia-activatable anti-proliferative therapy for real-time diagnostics and precision treatment. This nanoplatform is constructed by co-encapsulating a novel <em>N</em>-oxide-based molecular probe and a hypoxia-activatable prodrug tirapazamine (TPZ) into osteopontin (OPN)-targeted liposomes. Under hypoxic conditions, the <em>N</em>-oxide probe undergoes conversion to its amine derivative, altering the intramolecular charge transfer properties and triggering turn-on NIR-II fluorescence signal. This property enables high-sensitivity, real-time monitoring of restenosis lesions in vivo. The nanoplatform exhibits dual hypoxia-responsive functionality: TPZ is selectively activated in hypoxic vascular lesions to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and sustained OPN-mediated targeting promotes vascular repair. In guidewire-induced restenosis models, this system achieves simultaneous real-time monitoring of lesion progression via NIR-II imaging and significantly reduce restenosis while enhancing re-endothelialization. This study offers a promising strategy for developing high-performance theranostic nanoplatforms, enabling precise detection and improved treatment of restenosis-related diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 123482"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123479
Pengcheng Zhang , Yaxin Wang , Yigang Xu , Xueping Li , Xuya Yu , Yi Li , Dunwan Zhu , Fang Luo , Wen Li , Xu Jin
{"title":"Nasal-to-brain delivery of CCR5 antagonist for reshaping the dysregulated microglia-neuron axis and enhancing post-traumatic cognitive function","authors":"Pengcheng Zhang , Yaxin Wang , Yigang Xu , Xueping Li , Xuya Yu , Yi Li , Dunwan Zhu , Fang Luo , Wen Li , Xu Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123479","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123479","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dysregulation of the microglia-neuron axis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of cognitive dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The C–C chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5), markedly upregulated on both microglia and neurons post-injury, serves as a crucial mediator in the neuroinflammatory response and consequent neurological deficits. However, the therapeutic application of CCR5 antagonists in TBI is impeded by the delivery barriers presented by the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and their limited neuron-targeting efficacy. In this study, we introduce a novel nasal-to-brain delivery nanoplatform designed to facilitate the efficient brain delivery of DAPTA, a peptide antagonist of CCR5, aiming to inhibit CCR5 signaling and improving cognitive function following TBI. Biocompatible chitosan nanocarriers grafted with cell-penetrating peptide (TAT) and neuron-binding lactoferrin (Lf) were initially fabricated, demonstrating substantial DAPTA loading capacity, active mucosal and neural transportation, and enhanced neuron-targeting capabilities. The dual-engineered nanodrugs (DA@LT NPs) effectively penetrated the trigeminal and olfactory nerves, significantly enhancing the transport of DAPTA into the brain following intranasal delivery. In a TBI-induced mouse model, DA@LT NPs markedly alleviated the neuroinflammatory response, promoted M2 microglia polarization, protected neurons from pyroptosis, and improved both motor and cognitive functions of animals. The non-invasive intranasal delivery of the therapeutic CCR5 peptide antagonist using these mucus-penetrating and neuron-targeting nanoformulations presents a promising intervention for ameliorating neurological inflammation and cognitive impairments associated with TBI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 123479"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144253500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BiomaterialsPub Date : 2025-06-07DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123488
Jichao Sun , Zhitong Zhao , Xue Wei , Jiazhen Yang , Di Li , Minglu Li , Yahya E. Choonara , Li Chen , Jianxun Ding , Xuesi Chen
{"title":"Multi-bioactive poly(amino acid)-metal-organic framework nanocomposite for reinforced cascading photodynamic immunotherapy of cancer","authors":"Jichao Sun , Zhitong Zhao , Xue Wei , Jiazhen Yang , Di Li , Minglu Li , Yahya E. Choonara , Li Chen , Jianxun Ding , Xuesi Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biomaterials.2025.123488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Photodynamic immunotherapy (PDIT) represents a promising synergistic approach to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy by inducing immunogenic cell death (ICD) through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the anti-cancer efficacy of PDIT is limited by insufficient ROS production and highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironments (TMEs). In this study, a multi-bioactive nanocomposite consisting of hyaluronic acid-<em>block</em>-poly(1-methyl-<sub>d</sub>-tryptophan-<em>co</em>-<sub>l</sub>-glutamic acid) (HA-PMTG) and tetracarboxyl porphyrin-trivalent Fe(III) metal-organic framework (MOF<sup>TCPP</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>Fe</sup>) was developed for enhanced cascading PDIT. The spindle-shaped nanocomposite HA-PMTG@MOF<sup>TCPP</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>Fe</sup>, measuring 188 nm in length and 80 nm in width, demonstrated efficient uptake by 4T1 cells and alleviated tumor hypoxia through the Fenton reaction. Following intravenous injection, HA-PMTG@MOF<sup>TCPP</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>Fe</sup> selectively accumulated in mouse breast cancer 4T1 tumor for up to 48 h. Upon laser irradiation, photodynamic therapy (PDT) coupled with the inhibition of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) by 1-MDT successfully induced ICD, resulting in a 51.57% increase in cell surface calreticulin (CRT) positivity in the HA-PMTG@MOF<sup>TCPP</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>Fe</sup> group. This increase reduced immune tolerance, suppressed tumor growth, and extended the median survival of tumor-bearing mice to 120 days. Furthermore, treatment with HA-PMTG@MOF<sup>TCPP</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>Fe</sup> on the primary tumor inhibited distant tumor growth through a bystander effect and prevented tumor recurrence by activating immune memory. Thus, the multi-bioactive HA-PMTG@MOF<sup>TCPP</sup><sup>-</sup><sup>Fe</sup> offers an effective cascading strategy to enhance the PDIT of cancer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":254,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 123488"},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144312693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}