S. Sengele, Hongrui Jiang, J. Booske, D. W. van der Weide, A. Bettermann
{"title":"Selective Metallization for a W-band Meander Line TWT","authors":"S. Sengele, Hongrui Jiang, J. Booske, D. W. van der Weide, A. Bettermann","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283214","url":null,"abstract":"The development of terahertz (THz) millimetre-wave (MMW) regime vacuum electronics necessitates the concurrent development of adequate fabrication techniques. Since the size of vacuum electronic devices is proportional to their frequency of operation, fabricating them for the THz and mmw regimes requires fabrication techniques capable of producing millimeter and micron-scale features. Monolithic microfabrication technologies such as deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) have been used widely in the MEMS community for years to achieve these sorts of feature sizes.","PeriodicalId":254940,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133595968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical Determination of TWT Helix Loss","authors":"Z. Duan, Y. Gong, Wenxiang Wang, Yanyu Wei","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283393","url":null,"abstract":"A general theory has been developed to account for the effect of the dielectric loss of discrete dielectric rods on traveling wave tube helix loss. It is clearly shown that the influence of dielectric loss on attenuation constant is much larger at the millimeter frequency band than that at the microwave frequency band. The general theory developed here has been further conformed by comparing the results with those obtained elsewhere for some special cases.","PeriodicalId":254940,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134177842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Denisov, Y. Bykov, A. Eremeev, M. Glyavin, V. Kholoptsev, G. Kalynova, A. Luchinin, M. Morozkin, I. Plotnikov, D. Sobolev
{"title":"High Efficient Gyrotron-Based Systems for Materials Processing","authors":"G. Denisov, Y. Bykov, A. Eremeev, M. Glyavin, V. Kholoptsev, G. Kalynova, A. Luchinin, M. Morozkin, I. Plotnikov, D. Sobolev","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283400","url":null,"abstract":"In parallel with the materials science research, an improvement of the equipment designed purposely for microwave processing of materials takes place. Among the most important specific features of the mm-wave processing are effective heating of low-loss materials, capability of both uniform heating of large-size specimens and local surface heating by intense wave beam, improved stability against thermal runaway. A line of gyrodevices ranging in frequency from 24 to 83 GHz with the output power from 3 kW to 35 kW CW, and a series of the gyrotron-based systems tailor-made for high-temperature processing and for powering electron cyclotron ion sources have been developed jointly by the Institute of Applied Physics and Gycom Ltd., (Nizhny Novgorod, Russia).","PeriodicalId":254940,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132856356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Whaley, R. Duggal, C. Armstrong, C. Bellew, C. Holland, C. Spindt
{"title":"TWT Operation with Low-Voltage Field Emitter Array Cathode","authors":"D. Whaley, R. Duggal, C. Armstrong, C. Bellew, C. Holland, C. Spindt","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283378","url":null,"abstract":"The implementation of field emitter arrays as an electron beam source for TWTs has experienced some advancement in the recent past. The development of low-voltage Spindt field emitter arrays however have made possible operation at significantly reduced voltages than those required in the past, potentially improving emitter reliability and lifetime. As such, L-3 Electron Devices, teamed with SRI International, is developing a field emitter array TWT (FEA-TWT) employing these new cathodes in order to evaluate their operation in the TWT vacuum environment, to investigate TWT design specific to use of field emitter arrays, and to quantify several aspects of FEA-TWT performance that will be substantially different than those of conventional thermionic-based TWTs. This paper reports the Spindt-type field emitter arrays, which exhibit greatly reduced operating voltages from those of the previous generation of emitters produced by SRI.","PeriodicalId":254940,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132898087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Influence of the Finite Conduction of Metal Walls on the Performances of Powerful Relativistic UNF Devices with Irregular Electrodynamic Systems","authors":"A. A. Kurayev, A. K. Sinitsyn","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283328","url":null,"abstract":"the nonlinear equations of the relativistic TWT-BWO used E0j modes with take account of finite conduction of the metal walls of waveguide were formulated. It is demonstrated that for refine copper walls the influence of losses in metal of efficiency at les 10 GHz is negligible (the error is 1% and under); in range f 100 GHz this influence is about 3-4%.","PeriodicalId":254940,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121824672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Analytical Computations, Measurements and 3-D EM Simulations for the Calculation of Cold Parameters in Helical SWSs","authors":"M. Aloisio, R. Carter, C. Paoloni","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283390","url":null,"abstract":"The Slow-wave Structure (SWS) cold parameters are typically obtained by analytical methods, experimental procedure or three-dimensional (3-D) full- wave simulations. The advantages and best applicability of each method will be assessed in order to provide the tube designer with a reference for a more efficient, fast and accurate design of helical SWSs.","PeriodicalId":254940,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"34 11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123460225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Compact, High Power Klystrons At 95 GHz","authors":"P. Horoyski, D. Berry, B. Steer","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283260","url":null,"abstract":"This presentation describes the design and test results of a 1.6 kW peak, 400 W average power amplifier utilizing an Extended Interaction Klystron (EIK) operating at 95 GHz. The EIK and power supply form a suitcase-sized package with an overall electrical efficiency greater than 20%. Also presented will be the design of a 95 GHz EIK amplifier with a target output power level of 1 kW CW.","PeriodicalId":254940,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121854993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Second Harmonic Reduction in Helix Travelling Wave Tubes","authors":"F. Liao, Ming Hui Hu, Shaoyun Ma","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283391","url":null,"abstract":"Wide band traveling wave tubes (TWTs) are widely used as amplifiers in communications and electronic counter -measure systems. The harmonic waves, especially the second harmonic waves, in the TWTs often cause its fundamental wave power output and efficiency reduction. So far many efforts are still making to reduce this harmful effect. The harmonic wave injection was used to reduce the harmonic waves. But harmonic wave injection will ask other microwave souse to work with TWT together. It is not very convenient for TWT applications. Dionne pointed out that the phase velocity and the axial beam coupling impedance of the fundamental space harmonic waves associated with the circuit structure. These characteristics are dependent upon both the physical dimensions of the structure and the electrical influence of the requisite mechanical support structure (backwall and dielectric loading). This paper describes our research on the reduction of the harmonic wave in wide band TWTs by changing the slow wave circuit structure.","PeriodicalId":254940,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124925952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of micro-patterned carbon nanotube field emission arrays for high current applications","authors":"Changqing Chen, Wensheng Shao, M. Ding, Xinghui Li, Guodong Bai, Fuquan Zhang, Jinjun Feng","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283347","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents micro-patterned carbon nanotube field emission arrays cathodes with an emitting unit area only 1mum in diameter. The fabrication process began with the deposition of a buffer layer of titanium-nitride on the silicon n type(100) substrate. Then a photo-resist overlay was patterned by conventional lithography technique to form 1mum circular aperture arrays, followed by depositing iron catalyst by electron beam deposition. Finally, the resist was removed, and carbon nanotubes grown by direct current plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (DC- PECVD). The field emission measurements showed a turn-on field as low as IV/mum, a current density of 90mA/cm2 at a field of 17V/mum, and with a fluctuation less than 5.6 percent over a period of 3.5 hours at an average current of 550 muA..","PeriodicalId":254940,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117205651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cold Test on Coupling of Photonic Crystal Cavity for High-order-mode Gyrotron","authors":"Y. Joo, M. Sattorov, Y. Shin, G. Park","doi":"10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IVELEC.2007.4283368","url":null,"abstract":"The coupling of photonic crystal (PC) cavity is studied. Finite-difference-time-domain simulation and experimental measurement exhibit that cavity quality factor which is strongly dependent on the coupling strength of TM130 PC cavity mode, is determined by the position of coupling hole. It can be applied to the design of passive and active photonic devices.","PeriodicalId":254940,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE International Vacuum Electronics Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121099306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}