Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Effects of Various parameters on Radiative Transfer Theory Based MicrowaveEmission Model","authors":"M. Assiri","doi":"10.4197/met.27-1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/met.27-1.9","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines research that is currently being carried out to model the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with earth and atmosphere. Among many others, passive microwave (PM) imagery represents a useful source of data for mapping Earth features. Since, signal of a microwave radiometer is composed of surface and atmospheric contributions, for proper interpretation of the data these effects should be quantified. This research presents analysis of radiative transfer model contributors, which include; the ground based parameters, forest area, water area, and meteorological parameters. The principal objective of this study is to analyze the degree to which brightness temperature can be affected by various earth and atmospheric features. A sensitivity analysis is performed to test the contributing effects of various parameters in radiative transfer theory based microwave emission model. The results of the study show that soil temperature and forest stem volume are the main contributing parameters in estimating brightness temperature values. The results further show that both the earthly located features and atmospheric parameters are important factors that must be taken into account in the development and application of radiative transfer theory based models.","PeriodicalId":254766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125586926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particles Matters Accumulation and Anatomical Leaf Properties of Three Tree Species Growing in the Industrial Area in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","authors":"A. S.","doi":"10.4197/met.26-2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/met.26-2.3","url":null,"abstract":"Particles matters accumulation and anatomical leaf properties of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Henna (Lawsonia inermis), and Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis) trees growing in the industrial zone in Jeddah Saudi Arabia and Hada Al-Shame area (control) was done. The leaf properties of all tree species growing in the industrial and control showed that each stoma had a raised edge over the guard cell region. The guard cells appeared more shrunken on the polluted leaves as compared with unpolluted leave. The results indicated that the most deposition particles on leaf surfaces of all tree species were: soot (C) and soil dust with characteristic matrix elements (Si, Al, Mg, Ca, K); fuel oil particles rich in Al, Si, Ca, and Pb; coal ash particles containing C, Al, Si, K, Ca, S; and Pb. As a result, leaves of those plant species may be used as bio-indicators for the assessment of particular matters in the industrial areas.","PeriodicalId":254766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128003875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tropical Forests Mapping of Bioko Island Using Remote Sensing Techniques","authors":"M. Elhag","doi":"10.4197/met.26-2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/met.26-2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Forest sustainable management requires basically adequate vegetation mapping. Remote sensing techniques delivers reliable classification scheme of medicinal species Prunus africana located in Bioko Island -Equatorial Guinea. Prunus africana sustainable management relies principally on the population’s quantification of the sustainable trade volume. Unsupervised and supervised image classifications techniques were implemented on Landsat OLI-8 (Operational Land Imager-8) to produce P. africana thematic maps on Bioko. Primarily, Support Vector Machine classification algorithm realized overall accuracy of 82.01%, with kappa coefficient of 0.79. Forests misclassification was mainly confined between two interconnected classes of Guineo-Congolian/ Afromontane forest classes and lowland forest classes. Therefore an extra rule of determent altitude (>1400 m) was added to the classification decision rule to improve the classification accuracies to be estimated as overall accuracy of 80.01% and a kappa coefficient of 0.81. Regular ground truth data collection from nine transects found that both of P. africana and Schefflera sp. were dominantly the two arboreal species located in Bioko’s forests. Thematic classification maps illustrated in the conducted research is an essential data for the sustainable management of P. africana bark extraction. These results may also be valuable for various future studies ranging from primate research to genetic variation of P. africana on Bioko Island.","PeriodicalId":254766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114733982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the Microbial Occupational Work Environment in One Faculty of King Abdulaziz University in Jeddah","authors":"A. Mabrouk","doi":"10.4197/met.26-2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/met.26-2.8","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of microorganisms in indoor air can pose serious health problems so; the purpose of the present work was to monitor the different groups of microorganisms including total viable bacteria, Staphylococci, total coliforms, Salmonella and fungi in different sites of the occupational environment (laboratories, offices, corridors and toilets) inside the Faculty of Metrology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The results showed that, the average of total viable bacterial counts in different work laboratories was ranged from 9500 to 23000, Staphylococci counts were ranged from 584 to 11000 and fungi counts were ranged from 383 to 2500 cfu/m. On the other hand the total viable bacterial counts in work offices varied from 12700 to 26500 cfu/m, meanwhile Staphylococci counts ranged from 5000 to 9500 cfu/m and fungi counts ranged from 1500 to 4833 cfu/m. Also, the total viable bacterial counts in corridors ranged from 14340 to 23700 cfu/m, Staphylococci counts ranged from 3167 to 10340 cfu/m and fungi counts ranged from 2830 to 5165 cfu/m. Finally, the average of the total viable bacterial counts in toilets reached 22833 cfu/m. Meanwhile, Staphylococci counts were 4920 cfu/m and fungi counts were 3010 cfu/m. The highest average of total viable bacterial counts were found in toilets (22833 cfu/m), the highest average of Staphylococci counts recorded (7811 cfu/m) in corridors and the highest average of fungi counts were observed in laboratories (4516 cfu/m). It is clear that the toilets had the highest average of total viable bacterial counts, the corridors had the highest average of Staphylococci counts and laboratories had the highest average of fungi. The microbial groups of coliforms, yeasts and Salmonella were not detected in all sampling sites (laboratories, offices, corridors and toilets). Finally, an attention must be given in the place to protect and enhance the occupational environment and keep health of students and workers well.","PeriodicalId":254766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128876058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial and Chemical Contamination Associated Carpet Dust in the Holy Mosque, Makkah Al-Mukarramah","authors":"B. Mashat","doi":"10.4197/met.26-2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/met.26-2.9","url":null,"abstract":"Carpets are widely used as surface covering in the holy mosque (Almasjed Alharam) settings, and they are prone to contamination with infectious agents and chemical components. This study aims to evaluate the concentrations of bacteria and chemical pollutants associated carpet dust in the holy mosque, as well as bacterial concentrations in the air state. The dust samples were collected from eighty carpets during month of Ramadan 2011, using a cord portable vacuum cleaner. Airborne bacteria were collected using Airport MD8 gelatin filter sampler. Bacterial concentrations varied depending on location of carpets inside the mosque, with no significant differences between locations (P≥0.05). The highest mean bacterial concentrations associated dust (256.42x10 CFU/m) and in the air state (1.12x10 CFU/m) were found at the ground floor of 1st expansion location. The highest re-suspension factor (RF) was found at the ground floor of 1st expansion, and the lowest at ground floor of 2nd expansion. Bacillus (25%), Pseudomonas (13%) and Micrococcus (12%) were the dominated bacterial genera. Chloride and ammonium concentrations associated dust were higher at the basement and the ground floor locations. The results did not indicate the presence of any apparent seriousness of the current situation of the carpets in the holy mosque. The data can be treated as a first step in determining the acceptable levels for microorganisms associated carpets in the common indoor environments.","PeriodicalId":254766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115700211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Water Salinity on Seeds Germination of Sterile Oat (Avena sterilis) and Rigid Rye Grass (Lolium rigidum) at Constant or Alternating Temperatures","authors":"Khalid S. Alshallash","doi":"10.4197/met.26-2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/met.26-2.6","url":null,"abstract":"Sterile oat (Avena sterilis) and rigid rye grass (Lolium rigidum) are well known grasses in many parts of the world. They grow in grasslands and arable lands. Both are recorded as serious weeds of arable lands in many countries worldwide. Seeds germination of both species were tested at four levels of water salinity concentrations (0, 100, 300, 500 mM/L of NaCl) and five different temperatures (Constant at 8 C ° or alternating temperatures of; 8/16, 10/18, 6/14, 10/20 C0). Photoperiods regime of 8 hours darkness and 16 hours of light at the constant temperature was implemented. The same was followed with the alternating temperatures with 8 hours darkness at the lower temperature and 16 hours light with the higher temperature. A. sterilis seeds showed better germination with high significance of (˂ 00.1) than L. rigidum seeds at all tested treatments. The mean number of germinated seeds of A. sterilis was (6) out of (20) seeds /petri dish whereas, it was nearly (3) geminated seeds with L. rigidum. Both species secured the highest germination percentage at level of alternating temperatures of (10/20 C °) with 40% (mean number of germinated seeds was 8 out of 20 seeds / petri dish) for A. sterilis and 25% (5 out of 20 seeds / petri dish) for L. rigidum. Although A. sterilis seeds showed some germination (25%) at constant temperatures of (8 C°), L. rigidum seeds were less in favorite of this climatic condition expressing its response to alternating temperatures. Generally, A. sterilis seeds showed better germination responses than L. rigidum seeds at all different level of tested temperatures. Moreover, A. sterilis seeds resist water salinity as high as 100 mM of NaCl/L and showed almost 50 % germination especially at its favorite alternating temperature of (10/20 C °). L. rigidum seeds also showed some resistance to 100 mM/L of NaCl giving about 35 % germination. However, both species gave poor germination at higher levels of water salinity of 300 and 500 mM of NaCl/L concentrations. Results confirmed that both species seeds germination are in favorite of moderate alternating temperatures condition expressing some resistance to water salinity. This explains both species invasion and persistence in arable lands being reported a serious weedy plant species especially in a Mediterranean climate and subtropical conditions. In addition those results showed some of the two species seed biological aspects, which could contribute to a better control practice of the two species in arable lands.","PeriodicalId":254766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114502319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Changes in Productive and Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows Synchronized for Estrus with the Ovsynch Protocol Under Subtropical Conditions","authors":"M. M. Shabaan","doi":"10.4197/met.26-2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/met.26-2.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effects of heat stress on productive and reproductive performances in Holstein dairy cows during summer compared to winter seasons. During each seasons, temperature– humidity index (THI), rectal temperature, and respiration rate were recorded for 105 days. Daily milk yield (Kg/day) was recorded for 5 consecutive months each season. Serum cholesterol, glucose, urea and progesterone (P4) concentrations were determined around the times of inseminations. Conception rate to first insemination (CR/AI), overall pregnancy rate, number of services per conception (NSPC) and number of days open (DO) were determined each season. Values of THI, rectal temperatures and respiration rate were greater in summer than winter. Daily milk yield was greater (P<0.05) in winter months compared to summer. Serum glucose and urea concentrations were greater in summer than winter during the dry period and at the times of GnRH and PGF injections. However, cholesterol was greater in winter during GnRH and PGF injection times. Serum P4 concentrations were not affected by GnRH treatment in summer, whereas GnRH injection increased P4 concentration during winter season. More winter cows conceived to first AI and required less number of services per conception and had fewer days open compared to summer cows.","PeriodicalId":254766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130503561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Genotypes and Sugar Type on Callus Formation and Plant Regeneration Derived from Mature Grains of Egyptian Rice (Oryza sativa L.)Varieties","authors":"M. El-Ghany","doi":"10.4197/met.26-2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/met.26-2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of the present study was to determine the highest regenerable Egyptian rice cultivars and the best source of carbohydrates. Three medium protocols had been used to determine the in vitro culture response of mature dehusked grains in five Egyption rice cultivars. Factorial experiment in CRD design with ten replications was used to analyze the data. The obtained results showed that in vitro traits were highly significantly affected by genotypes and the interaction between medium protocols and genotypes. Whereas, medium protocols had different effects on the in vitro traits. The results also indicated that the shoot formation (%) and number of shoots per callus traits were highly significantly affected by genotypes, medium protocols and the interaction between medium protocols and genotypes. In conclusion, the cultivars, Sakha 103 and Sakha 104 could be successfully utilized in breeding programs for biotic and abiotic stress tolerance at the cellular level, because of their high frequency of shoot formation on the medium protocol C.","PeriodicalId":254766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126251014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Air Pollution on Leaf Traits of Three Tree Species Growing in the Industrial Zone of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Al-Toukhy Al-Toukhy","doi":"10.4197/met.26-2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/met.26-2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Effect of air pollution in the industrial area of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia on three tree species Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Henna (Lawsonia inermis), and Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis) has been studied with special reference to characteristics of leaves. These plant species were chosen because they are common and in the industrial and control areas. leaf area, number of stomata, stomata length and width and stomata pore width and length of these plant species were investigated. The results of this study with all trees species showed significant decrease in plant leaf area and stomata number in the industrial zone comparing with the control area. The results of those tree species indicated marked alteration in epidermal traits, with increased stomata length and width and stomata pore width and length collected from industrial site than those from control site. These changes in the leaf area and epidermal traits could be as indicator of environmental stress and can be recommended in the industrial areas for the early detection of air pollution.","PeriodicalId":254766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132621730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Microbial Quality of seasoning Salad in Jeddah city","authors":"Ibraheem Ismail Shabbaje Ibraheem Ismail Shabbaje","doi":"10.4197/met.26-2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4197/met.26-2.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":254766,"journal":{"name":"Journal of King Abdulaziz University-meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121471798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}