Particles Matters Accumulation and Anatomical Leaf Properties of Three Tree Species Growing in the Industrial Area in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Particles matters accumulation and anatomical leaf properties of Camphor (Cinnamomum camphora), Henna (Lawsonia inermis), and Bougainvillea (Bougainvillea spectabilis) trees growing in the industrial zone in Jeddah Saudi Arabia and Hada Al-Shame area (control) was done. The leaf properties of all tree species growing in the industrial and control showed that each stoma had a raised edge over the guard cell region. The guard cells appeared more shrunken on the polluted leaves as compared with unpolluted leave. The results indicated that the most deposition particles on leaf surfaces of all tree species were: soot (C) and soil dust with characteristic matrix elements (Si, Al, Mg, Ca, K); fuel oil particles rich in Al, Si, Ca, and Pb; coal ash particles containing C, Al, Si, K, Ca, S; and Pb. As a result, leaves of those plant species may be used as bio-indicators for the assessment of particular matters in the industrial areas.