Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Assessment Vulnerability Index of West Coast of South Sulawesi, Indonesia: A Case Study in Segeri Beach, Pangkajene and Islands Regency","authors":"Paharuddin, Irawan Alham","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v21i1450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v21i1450","url":null,"abstract":"The coastal area of Segeri Sub-district, Pangkajene and Island Regency, as one of the areas along the West Coast of South Sulawesi, is a zone prone to the natural phenomenon of sea level rise. The impact of this phenomenon needs to be studied to identify the level of coastal vulnerability and project changes in coastal vulnerability in the future. The research aims to calculate the coastal vulnerability index and project changes in vulnerability in the future due to changes in factors that affect coastal vulnerability. This research was conducted for five months at Bone-Village Beach of area Bawasalo and Bontomatene Segeri Sub-district, Pangkajene and Islands Regency, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The method of data analysis carried out is the Analysis of coastal ecosystems and resources, analysis of physical and social characteristics of the community, and analysis of coastal environmental vulnerability with the Vulnerability Scoping Diagram (VSD) model that places exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity as dimensions of Vulnerability Index. The components of the exposure dimension consist of coastal dynamics, natural disturbances, and population. Components of the sensitivity dimension are coastal characteristics, land use, and human settlements. The adaptive capacity dimension includes coastal habitat and marine conservation areas. Based on the score of each parameter in the three dimensions, the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) of all observed locations is in the range of CVI values 7.96 - 9.59, which means the category of Moderate Vulnerability. Factors that strongly influence the CVI are the sensitivity dimensions, including Erosion, waves, and tides caused by oceanographic factors so; that if The Segeri Coastal Area does not make adaptation and mitigation efforts, then the possibility of the next 5 - 10 years, the level of Coastal vulnerability Index can be a high or very high Vulnerability. Adaptation efforts that can be made are strengthening the coastal boundary area, planting and expanding mangrove trees in the Segeri coastal area.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121072563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Floristic Assessment of Natural Regeneration in an Enhanced Post-Remediated Hydrocarbon Impacted Land: A Window for Selection of Remediation Potential Native Macrophyte","authors":"N. Edwin-Wosu, Omara-Achong Theresa Ebia, Mini Endwell Nwobuike","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v21i1449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v21i1449","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study was aimed at revealing the composition and demographic status of forest regeneration in a post remediatied hydrocarbon impacted site by enhanced natural attenuation. \u0000Study Design: A stratified systematic transect method was used to assess the regeneration status. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Field sampling: in parts of Edovna vegetation landscape in Emohua Local Council area of Rivers State, Niger Delta, Nigeria and site remediation activity carried out for 10 weeks. \u0000Methodology: Site remediation treatment technique, Vegetation assessment, Regeneration Assessment and data analysis were carried out. \u0000Results: The hydrocarbon activities around the SPDC marginal oil field manifold in Emuoha study area negatively impacted the Edovna forest vegetation landscape at Umuobizu resulting to a retrogressively mosaic trend condition. However, following the p-RENA process a progressively secondary succession has resulted to such classified flora: as lowland secondary vegetation mosaic nature, with heterogeneous continuum in spatial and closed horizontal assemblage of structural arrangement.     Several species of diverse life forms were found existing through diverse mode of regeneration. New species were found regenerating and were absent as adult. Greater mode of single level of regeneration than multiplier level of regeneration was exhibited among the recruits through coppicing, stolon, seedling, sapling, rhizome and tuber. The HG exhibited greater multiplier mode while HH had greater single mode of regeneration. The herbaceous recruits among the life forms revealed a secondary physiognomic unit, heterogeneous in nature as a result of the regeneration process with few regenerating shrubby recruits. A total of 115,549 seedlings and 7,825 saplings ha-1 of 96 recruits of 70 genera under 23 families were found in 800 m2 sampled site. The dominant family was Poaceae richest in species diversity (24 species). The phytosociological composition of recruits has recorded highest frequency (1675), abundance (621), density ha-1 (49,600), IVI (104.81), diversity richness (11.75) and evenness (5.96) with Herbaceous herb (HH) in highest number of regenerating recruits in the order (HH>HG>Sh>HCl>HS>ShCl>T) of habit forms. The Chamaephytes and Hemi-cryptophytes across diverse herbaceous life forms, Mesophanerophytes, Microphaneropytes, Nanophanerophytes and Hemi-cryptophytes across shrubby life forms and a megaphanerophyte tree life form were recorded among recruits. The percentage mode of regeneration had 40 recruits of herbaceous form that exhibited 12 multiplier and 4 single mode of regeneration respectively.  Four shrubby recruits exhibited 2 multiplier and 13 recruits exhibited 2 single mode of regeneration. \u0000Conclusion: The demographic status of regeneration revealed a greater seedling density than sapling density thus implying a successful and new regeneration which through protection of natural regeneration can return back to it complete forest co","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128946137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxicological Evaluation of Contamination by Potentially Toxic Elements (PTEs) and Related Risks in the Surface Waters of Three Tidal Streams of the Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"B. Onyegeme-Okerenta, O. West","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i4448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i4448","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigated the physicochemical parameters and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the surface water samples collected from three tidal streams (Bonny, Krakrama and Buguma) in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Potentially toxic elements such as arsenic (As), boron (B), cadmium (Cd), cobalt, (Co), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), nickel (Ni) and selenium (Se) were analysed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Physicochemical parameters were evaluated in situ using portable instruments and also in the laboratory. These parameters and PTEs were used to compute the water quality index, comprehensive pollution index, pollution load index, metal evaluation index, and toxicity load index. The ecological and health risks were also analysed. The PTEs found in the water samples were higher than the acceptable limit by WHO standards and followed the trend of Ni > Pb > Cr > Co > Se > As > Cd > B. Nickel was the most abundant element in water with the maximal concentration of 5510 µg L-1. The calculated contamination indices concluded that the streams were extensively polluted. Based on the permissible toxicity loads, maximum of 99%, 100%, 98%, 98%, 100%, 99%, and 97% of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, Ni and Se respectively should be removed from the surface water of the streams in the Niger Delta to address safety and health. The PTEs in water exerted very high ecological risks. Overall, the estimated lifetime cancer risk of PTEs due to ingestion of water at Bonny, Krakrama and Buguma streams were 5.72 x 10-3, 2.88 x 10-3 and 2.3 x 10-3 respectively. The results guide controlling the PTE pollution and important information on PTEs for the formulation of the necessary remediation policies to improve water quality and protect the human health of dwellers along the Niger Delta.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129615134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Soil Toxicity in Kinkazi, Kitombe and Thiende Villages Affected by Oil Activities in Muanda and Potential Risk of Chemical Poisoning","authors":"Gurvitch O. Nsiala, D. Musibono, Athanase N. Kusonika, Paul Martial T. Tene, P. Ngelinkoto, E. Biey","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i4447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i4447","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: Discharges from oil exploitation contain very toxic and persistent organic and inorganic environmental pollutants. The present study aims to characterize the ecotoxicity of the soils of these three villages subjected to oil exploitation activities. \u0000Study Design: This research consists of four parts, an introduction with literature review, a description of the study environment, the methods used and finally the results obtained. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: In order to assess the impacts due to oil exploitation activities on the soil, a study was carried out on six soil samples taken from the villages Kinkazi, Kitombe and Thiende during the month of November 2022 in the territory of Muanda, Kongo Central, D.R. Congo. \u0000Methodology: The soil samples were prepared in the laboratory according to standard procedures and a series of ecotoxicological tests were carried out with the analysis of some physico-chemical parameters using a Multiparameter. The data collected was processed and analysed with Excel 2010 software. \u0000Results: The soils of the Kinkazi, Kitombe and Thiende villages, like dumping grounds for pollutants from oil activities, are and represent a risk of chemical poisoning for the population. The inhibitory dose (ID50) varies from 26.25 to 36 g/g indicating the toxicity of these soils to Hibiscus asper seeds and the germination index obtained gives an average of around 58.7%. \u0000Conclusion: The ecotoxicological impact of oil activities on the soil represents a risk of chemical poisoning for the local population of Muanda given that these polluted soils are primarily used for agriculture and the species Hibiscus asper is one of the most popular species for crops market gardeners in the region.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122910332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Its Impacts on Biodiversity in Mexico","authors":"Ramírez Sánchez Hermes Ulises, Fajardo Montiel Aida Lucia, García-Guadalupe Mario Enrique, U. Hugo","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i4446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i4446","url":null,"abstract":"During the last 150 years, the increase in the average temperature of the atmosphere and oceans has been documented due to the increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases produced by the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, excess production and reduced capacity to capture pollution. The consequences have been radical changes in the distribution of ecosystems and species, rise in sea level, disappearance of glaciers and corals, unpredictable and extreme climates such as droughts and storms. Climate change affects all organisms on the planet, many of them are already responding to this new dynamic through changes in their distribution and migrations. All these factors are the product of human activities and their social, economic and political causes. The effects of human activities, which were previously small-scale, have turned into large-scale events, affecting the climate of the entire planet. Climate change has become one of the main threats to biodiversity. In Mexico, a large number of endemic species of highly restricted distribution are susceptible to be affected by the indicated factors. \u0000Aims: The objective of this study is to present a set of regional projections of temperature, rainfall, humidity and drought index for Mexico under the IPCC AR6 climate change scenarios, and to evaluate their impact on biodiversity in Mexico by the end of the century. \u0000Methodology and Results: Regional models for Mexico show temperature increases between 0.5 to 5°C, while % precipitation will range from -20.3 to 13.5% depending on the scenario and period of analysis. The low soil moisture, vegetation changes and drought indices show that the North, West and Bajío areas presented reductions in precipitation and temperature increase that caused soil moisture deficit, water stress, presence of scarce vegetation and semi-permanent meteorological drought. Under these scenarios, it is expected that the entire country will be subjected to moderate to extremely strong droughts that will last and worsen between now and the end of the century. The results of the scenario projections and forecasts made by the IPCC show that the effects on biodiversity associated with climate change have been manifested for several decades in Mexico and are expected to worsen by the end of the century, increasing the number of threatened and endangered species. Based on the probable temperatures by the end of the century (from 0.5 to 5°C) it is estimated that the risk of extinction ranges from 3 to 48% in terrestrial ecosystems, in ocean and coastal ecosystems the risk of biodiversity loss will go from moderate to very high; and for endemic species it is estimated that the risk of extinction is very high with the possibility of increase by more than ten times. \u0000Conclusion: Thus, the vulnerability of biodiversity in Mexico is high to very high, which puts a very high number of species and ecosystems at risk.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122274260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive Plant Species in Ghana: Route of Spread, Socio-Economic and Environmental Impact","authors":"Joshua Dwomoh, Samuel Ayetibo Ofori, Dennis Kwabena Frimpong, Charles Nyarko Osei, Eldith Adongo, S. Appiah","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i4445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i4445","url":null,"abstract":"Globally, there has been a rapid increase in biodiversity loss, these losses have been attributed to habitat loss and invasive flora and fauna species. Extensive work has been done on the losses brought about by invasive fauna species, however, the impact of invasive flora species has less been explored in Ghana. This review focused on the various alien plant species found in Ghana and the factors that support their spread, establishment, and colonization. Findings indicate that the common invasive plants in Ghana are Chromolaema odorata, Calopogonium mucunoides, Cedrella ordorata, Leucaena leucocephala, Broussonetia papyrifera and Prosopis glasdulosa, Azardiracta indica, Echinochloa colona, and Leucaena leucocephala. The economic losses and environmental impact of these plant species were also reviewed. This review revealed that there is an urgent need to initiate interventions to control the rapid spread of invasive plant species, those measures should be cost-effective and eco-friendly.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134471168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Case Study on Sustainable Production and Use of Compressed Air in European Industrial Sites of Medium-sized","authors":"Bryan D. Thomas","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i3443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i3443","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the urgency in climate change, the industry is mobilized to reduce its greenhouse gases. Compressed air represents nearly 10% of electricity used in industry. The research was carried out in an industrial food site in Europe. This research includes a case study and gives a specific approach and methodology to optimize environmental and economic impact of compressed air production and uses in an industrial site. The installation of this case study contains different type of compressed air, dryers, and filters. Each equipment has been subject to specific monitoring and analysis. Several actions have been identified for reducing carbon emissions by 69 tons such as: reduction of the compressed air pressure of the system, isolation of packaging lines when they are not running, implementation of pumps for vacuum generation on packaging lines, installation of smart management device and a heat recovery system. Financial savings are around 44 000 euros, and the average payback is below 3 years.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123808646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioremediation: Sustainable Approach for Pollution Control","authors":"N. Singal, Simerjit Kaur","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i4444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i4444","url":null,"abstract":"Bioremediation is one of the most imminent technological approaches to meet hazardous waste problems, which transforms toxic chemicals into less toxic or nontoxic substances using bacteria or fungi. Instead of direct chemical or physical treatment, such biological transformation is more striking where microorganisms are used as efficient, cost-effective and non-disruptive tools for eliminating hazardous materials. Major destructive impacts of pollutants are perinatal, respiratory, cardiovascular and mental disorders, mortality, allergy, cancer etc. Remarkable results leading to destruction of contaminants can be obtained using genetically concocted microbes that produce many modified enzymes through ecological new technology. Microorganisms utilize metabolic degradation pathways in situ to degrade the foreign undesirable matter directly instead of simply relocating them to another medium to minimize interference of the restoration place. It is certain that for remediation of polluted sites, bioremediation will play a key role in paving the way to greener pastures. The aim of this review article is to provide appropriate information regarding research findings on bioremediation, its types and techniques of eliminating pollutants by microbial consortia. This will facilitate to understand the strategic role of bioremediation at different levels and to apply latest research and knowledge to remove toxicity and to develop strategies to manage the waste generatedin industries, which is a global alarm. Until now, not many microbial enzymes have been exploited and huge microbial diversity is yet to be explored.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123404296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adoption of Sustainable Land Management Practices in Mbulu District, a Semi-arid Area in Northern Tanzania","authors":"Dickson Utonga, Bahati N. Ndoweka, P. Sewando, Protas M. Sule","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i3441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i3441","url":null,"abstract":"As an outcome of agricultural activities, land degradation causes detrimental impacts on the environment and soil. It requires sustainable measures to combat the problem that is becoming critical worldwide. Despite many technological improvement programmes in agriculture, especially on land conservation, adoption has remained low in many developing countries. This situation triggered a further investigation into potential factors influencing sustainable land management practices (SLMPs) adoption in Mbulu district, a semiarid area in northern Tanzania so as to determine and suggest appropriate measures that can promote greater adoption. A cross-sectional study was conducted, and data from 120 farmers was collected using semi-structured questionnaires. The adoption index was computed and determined the level of SLMPs adoption to be low. Probit regression analysis examined the factors influencing the adoption of SLMPs. Results show that gender, marital status, education, land size, and the distance to the extension office significantly influenced the adoption of SLMPs. Specifically, being male, widowed, having formal education, owning a larger size of land, and being closer to the extension office significantly increased the likelihood of the adoption. Also, being unmarried and unaware of SLMPs reduced the probability of the adoption. Awareness-raising programmes must be more targeted and effective to reach the intended audience. In addition, promoting sustainable land management practices that support income diversification and livelihood improvement is crucial in the study area. Furthermore, the adoption of sustainable land management practices requires supportive policy and institutional frameworks in the study area. Overall, addressing these factors requires a multi-faceted approach that involves collaboration between various stakeholders, including farmers, communities, the government, civil society organisations, and the private sector. By working together, these stakeholders can create an enabling environment that promotes SLMPs adoption and contributes to more sustainable livelihoods and income diversification in the study area.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129696418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring Land Cover Changes in Tehran City over 5 years (2018 to 2022) using Remote Sensing based Spatial Information","authors":"Sara Vahidi, Vahid Hatamzadeh, Paniz Nouri, Afshin Afshin Far","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i3440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i3440","url":null,"abstract":"Rapid economic growth has increased the speed of resource changes and many of these changes have rapid and harmful effects Natural environment such as agriculture, forest, water resources, value Cultural things such as historical landscape and health Humans have put Land use changes directly It changes the resources of the earth, which affects the temperature and humidity causes changes in the climate and weather of the region as well It reduces cultivated areas [1]. Considering that one of the main prerequisites for the optimal use of land, obtaining information One of the patterns of land use over time is map design. Related specializations are one of the most important goals in management it is considered natural resource [2]. In recent years, preparing land use maps by digital classification of remote sensing data have been adverted as appropriate alternative for using this type of maps. Remote sensing is a modern and useful technique in updating land use maps and detecting new changes. In this research ArcGIS pro used for classification that is one of the most accurate and updated software for remote sensing’s process for detecting 4 main type of classes in Tehran city in IRAN. standard accuracy in satellite image processing is important criteria in this study with standard kappa coefficient accuracy, and overall accuracy of data calculated for each maps, by considering 4 essential classes in a major city and converted to maps of changes in linear regression concluded that build-up class have a significant slope increase 3422/3 (hectares), plant class is improving during the study period as 2821/71 (hectares) but these increment are inhomogeneous, water class has sharp drop as 443.52 (hectares), Then the most of decrement is for the barren area which named soil class as 5800.48 (hectares). Part of accuracy in this research depends on severity of the numbers of test samples which given for classification that are more than5000 pixels to assessment reliable results. According to the standards of kappa coefficient that provided in USGS earth data site all off maps are acceptable.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"122 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126799189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}