Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Water Quality Assessment of Karnaphuli River of Bangladesh Using CCME-WQI Method","authors":"Sanjida Mukut, M. Rahaman, Md. Rashedul Azim, Md. M. Maruf Hossain, M. Uddin","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i1429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i1429","url":null,"abstract":"Karnaphuli River is one of the largest recipients of industrial effluent among all the rivers in Bangladesh in the last couple of years. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitability of the river water for irrigation, livestock and other uses and to identify the main pollutants affecting the river during its course through the city. Ten Sampling points along with the Karnaphuli river basin was selected for the WQI assessment. The sampling was conducted for a period of one year from May 2021 to April 2022. Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment (CCME)-(WQI) Water Quality Index was applied for several water quality parameters namely pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Phosphate, Nitrate, Chloride, Total Hardness, Conductivity, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb. Irrigation and livestock indices were analyzed based on Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQGs). The study shows that the river water is mostly alkaline and the pH lies between 6.4 -7.8. The DO value varies from 1.8 to 6 ppm and BOD varies from 1.7 to 3.4 ppm. The concentrations of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn are Cu- (0.108-0.743 ppm), Cd- (0.073-0.281 ppm), Pb- (0.017-0.699 ppm), Zn- (0.012-0.032 ppm) respectively. Based on the index values, the river water quality has been observed as poor and marginal.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123086162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of Phytoplankton Abundance and Species Diversity in Shahjangi Pond of Bhaghalpur District, Bihar, India","authors":"Priyama Kumari, A. Thakur","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i1428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2023/v20i1428","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, species diversity and phytoplankton abundance were examined in Shahjangi Pond in the Bhagalpur region of Bihar. The present study was carried out from April 2021 to March 2022. Phytoplankton is considered a type of microscopic plankton capability of a photosynthesis process that is found as an essential element of the aquatic ecosystem. Phytoplankton can range in size and shape and they are photosynthesizing autotrophic organism The primary goal of this study is to learn more about the variety of phytoplankton in this pond. A blotting silk net was used to capture the sample. The planktons were collected in wide, thick bottles with a 200ml capacity. The vial containing the filtrate was then brought to the lab. In the laboratory 5ml of 4%, formalin solution was added collected filtrate. Under a compound microscope, sample analysis was carried out at 10x and 40x magnification.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115293666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Cassava Mill Effluents on Soil Microbial Community in Akpabuyo, Cross River State, Nigeria","authors":"F. Akubuenyi","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4459","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of cassava mill effluent on the microbial community of the soil was determined using viable counts method. Soil samples were collected from different sites (Locations A, B, C and D) impacted with cassava mill effluent, and also from sites unimpacted with cassava mill effluent, which served as control. The result of analysis of the impacted soil showed that the counts of Total Heterotrophic Bacteria, Total Coliforms and Total Fungi ranged from 2.0x103 CFU/ml to 2.3x104 CFU/ml, 1.9x102 CFU/ml to 1.5x104 CFU/ml and 1.4x102 CFU/ml to 2.2x102 CFU/ml respectively. These values were lower compared to the values (3.4x105 CFU/g to 3.6x106 CFU/g, 2.1x106  CFU/g to 3.3x106 CFU/g and 2.1x104 CFU/g to 3.0x104 CFU/g respectively) obtained from the unimpacted soils (control). The identification process of the isolates revealed the presence of the following bacteria; Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Staphylococcus spp., Salmonella spp. The fungal isolates from the effluents were identified to be Aspergillus spp., Rhizopus spp. and Mucor spp. The results obtained indicates that effluents from cassava mill effluent have a great impact on the microbial population of the soil. Since its application causes change that affects the microbial population and diversity, its continuous disposal could lead to decreased soil fertility and consequent low crop yield. Therefore, cassava mill effluents should be subjected to treatments that reduces their harmful substance content before disposal.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126144591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental Gradient: An Ecological Surrogate to Phytosociological Diversity of a Tropical Mangal-Rainforest-Ecotone in a Hydromesic Tripartite Plant Community","authors":"Edwin-Wosu, Nsirim Lucky, Mojuetan, Tosanyemi","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4427","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To assess influence of edaphic environmental gradients as surrogate to phytosociological diversity in a hyromesic habitat. \u0000Study Design:  A systematic sampling approach of line-transect method was used. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Field sampling: tropical mangal-rainforest ecotone in parts of Asarama, Andoni, Niger-Delta, Labortory analysis: Jack Petroanalytical Laboratory, and University of Port Harcourt Ecology Laboratory, Port Harcourt, Nigeria, between September 2020 and August 2021. \u0000Methodology: Soil sampling and analyses was based on ASTM, Stewarte and conventional methods and the data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. \u0000Results: Recorded 90 plant species across the sampled sites with a prevalence of 6 (65.9%) species in mangrove, 64 (70.33%) in ecotone and 55(60.44%) in rainforest sites respectively. Floristic density and life form in mangrove had 121ha-1, 3 megaphanerophytes and mesophanerophytes respectively, in ecotone 1660ha-1, 9 megaphanerophytes, 24 mesophanerophytes and 39 microphanerophytes and in rainforest 574ha-1, 13 megaphanerophytes, 18 mesophanerophytes and 24 microphanerophytes. Highest frequency of occurrence: 1 species (80%), 4 species (100%) and 1 species (80%) in mangrove, ecotone and rainforest sites, respectively. Highest abundance: mangrove (1 species), ecotone (9 species) and rainforest (3 species). Highest density: mangrove (1 species), ecotone (8 species) and rainforest (3 species). Distribution: greater in ecotone with contiguous pattern in the order: ecotone>rainforest>mangrove, among which had dissimilarity in response to significant species diversity difference in relation to significant difference in edaphic physico-chemical factors of the study sites. The mangrove site had the most acidic pH, highest salinity, moisture and electrical conductivity while rainforest and ecotone had highest organic carbon and matter. A significant negative correlation between EC & pH, and salinity & pH and positive correlation between salinity & EC as well as positive correlation between pH & OC, pH & OM, OC & OM and negative correlation between EC & OC, EC & OM were recorded. \u0000Conclusion: This variation determined the presence, growth and abundance of the species reported in the respective study sites especially in the ecotone.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130389114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calls for Conservation: A Review of Bioacoustics Monitoring with Case Studies from India","authors":"Manya Muthanna Kotera, A. D. Phillott","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4425","url":null,"abstract":"With recent technological advances and greater accessibility of equipment, bioacoustics monitoring has emerged as a valuable method that utilises biologically-produced acoustic signals to gather information on the presence and absence of animals, as well as their behavioural and ecological features. A wide range of microphones and recorders can be employed to collect acoustical data, allowing for the selection of equipment suitable for the specifics of the study. Data analyses can be conducted using software packages that facilitate visualisation of acoustic emissions. This essay provides an overview of the methods involved in bioacoustics monitoring, followed by advantages, disadvantages, and ethical considerations illustrated through examples of its application to collect data on a wide range of species from varied habitats in India. The case studies reveal that bioacoustics monitoring can be applied to a wide range of studies owing to its passive, non-invasive and increasingly inexpensive methods. As the field is at its nascent stage, it suffers from drawbacks arising from the limited expertise and availability of baseline data, because of which it has not been deployed extensively. Despite this, it holds potential as an emerging tool that can significantly advance the field of conservation research.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126328507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histopathological and Oxidative Stress Response of Oreochromis niloticus Exposed to Varying Concentrations of Sawdust Extract","authors":"O. Ashade, A. B. Idowu, I. Omoniyi, K. Ademolu","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4426","url":null,"abstract":"Persistent dumping of sawdust on water banks and or directly into water bodies as a consequence of sawmilling activities is becoming alarming. This study therefore evaluated the effect of sawdust extract on some selected physiological parameters such as histopathology and oxidative stress response using O. niloticus as test organism. O. niloticus were divided into four groups based on exposure concentration to sawdust extract (0%, 1/10, 1/100 and 1/1000 of LC50 respectively) in triplicates. Heavy metals composition was evaluated using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Phytochemical analysis of sawdust, physico-chemical studies of the cultured water, histopathological and antioxidant enzyme activities were carried out using standard methods. Result showed the presence of metals such as iron, cadmium, zinc, copper and magnesium as well as the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroid, phenols, terpenoid, saponin and anthraquinone in the sawdust extract. There was no significant difference in the water temperature and pH of the cultured water of O. niloticus exposed to the varying concentrations of the sawdust. Dissolved oxygen was however highest in the control water and reduced with increase in the concentrations of sawdust extract exposure. Disintegrated lamella was observed in the intestine and gills, and graded necrosis, in the liver of O. niloticus exposed to sawdust extract. There were inhibitions in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) of both liver and kidney of O. niloticus exposed to sawdust extract. Activity of malondialdehyde (MDA) however, increased with increased extract concentration. This study has therefore shown that sawdust extract could cause tissue - organ architectural distortions and induce oxidative stress in O. niloticus.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127059726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species Richness, Diversity and Distribution of Phytoplankton in Fertilised Ponds of the Western Highlands Agro-Ecological Zone of Cameroon","authors":"Kenfack Donhachi Aimérance, Kenko Nkontcheu Brice Daniel, Zebaze Tagning Pegis Davy, E. E. Thomas, .. Tchoumboue","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4423","url":null,"abstract":"In developing countries, advanced aquaculture techniques are still at the embryonic stage. This study was carried out from January to December 2021 in the ponds of the West Cameroon Region and at the Ichthyology and Applied Hydrobiology Research Unit of the University of Dschang with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of species richness and distribution of phytoplankton populations in fertilised ponds. For this purpose, a total of fifteen (15) ponds including 03 in Bamendou (fertilised with cow dung), four in Batié (two fertilised with pig manure and two with wheat bran), one in Dschang (fertilised with chicken manure), four in Fokoué (two fertilised with pig manure and two unfertilised), and three in Foumbot (fertilised with cow dung), were assessed. These ponds were chosen based on the availability of fish farmers and the type of fertiliser administered. Together with water physicochemical properties measurement, phytoplankton sampling was done between 6 a.m. and 8 a.m. on a monthly basis. The results showed that phytoplankton species and genera richness was higher in unfertilised ponds in Fokoué ponds and in animal feed enriched ponds in Batié, respectively. However, the highest family richness was obtained in Dschang receiving chicken manure with a percentage of 88.8% of the total family richness. The species Microcystis aeroginosa exhibited the highest species frequency (57%) out of all the species recorded in the ponds of Batié fertilised with pig manure. The lowest Shannon-Weaver diversity indices and Piélou evenness indices were recorded in the Fokoué ponds independent of the type of fertiliser, and in the Dschang ponds receiving chicken manure. The outputs of this work are better proposals for the production of phytophagous or bulldozer fish, such as carp, in relation to the site and the type of fertilisers in the Western highlands agroecological zone of Cameroon in particular and the world in general.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133250486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hematological, Genotoxic and Oxidative Stress Response in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia) Exposed to Varying Concentrations of Ethanolic Extract of Commelina benghalensis","authors":"O. Ashade, A. D. Oduneye, N. Tijani, K. O. Bamigbola","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4422","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the hematological, genotoxic and oxidative stress biomarkers of Oreochromisniloticus exposed to different concentrations of ethanolic extract of Commelina benghalensis(Dayflower). Sublethal exposure at 1% and 10% LC50 was done for twenty-one (21) days with physico-chemical parameters of cultured water and behavioral responses assessed. Hematological; genotoxic; antioxidant enzyme and non-enzyme activities studies were analyzed using standard methods. Results showed increase in the levels of Red blood cells; heamoglobin and white blood cells across extract concentrations compared to control. The number of micronucleated cells increased compared to control; though not significant difference (p>0.05). Superoxide dismutase (SOD); reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathionde-S-transferase (GST) activities were inhibited by the plant extract; while the level of lipid peroxidation as expressed by malondialdehyde (MDA) increased compared to control. Skin colour change; erratic swimming and mortality were observed at both higher concentration (10%) and lower concentration (1%) of the extract; though behavioral response at 10% extract concentration was higher than 1% extract concentration. In conclusion; the plant C.benghalensis has the potential to exert stress and promote cellular damage in contrast to its ability to boost the blood status of O. niloticus at varying concentration.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123336112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal Variation of Temperature Inversions and their Effect on Fine Particulate Matter (PM2.5) Concentrations in a Vietnamese Metropolis","authors":"T. Nguyen, P. Bao, Minh Thu Thi Nguyen","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4421","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to investigate the temporal variation of temperature inversions, including inversion frequency and inversion strength, in Ho Chi Minh City (HCM), a metropolis of Vietnam. The effect of the temperature inversions on PM2.5 concentrations in the dry and rainy seasons of HCM City was also identified. The results revealed that the surface inversions, which are temperature inversions below 300 m, were more frequent at 12Z (7 PM local time) in the rainy season. In addition, the stronger inversions were found in the dry season, when the higher PM2.5 concentrations were also observed, suggesting an influence of the temperature inversions on an increase in PM2.5 concentrations. This suggestion was also supported by the significantly positive correlation between PM2.5 concentrations and inversion frequency in the dry season. However, the temperature inversions were believed to have a minor effect on the PM2.5 concentrations in the rainy season since no significant correlation between the PM2.5 concentrations and inversion frequency or strength was found for this season. The findings of this study contribute to understanding of the temperature inversions and their effect on PM2.5 concentrations in a metropolis of Vietnam, a developing country in Southeast Asia. Based on these results, solutions for reducing the PM2.5 pollution in the study area can be obtained.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124281927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Qualitative Narrative of the Lived Experiences of Informal Settlements Dwellers within Port Harcourt Municipality during the Covid-19 Pandemic","authors":"I. Brown, Tari Eyenghe","doi":"10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajee/2022/v19i4418","url":null,"abstract":"The formation of informal settlements is increasing rapidly, especially in some developing economies such as the Port Harcourt Municipality in Nigeria. These settlements are vulnerable to several urban challenges from natural and anthropogenic disasters, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The landscape of Port Harcourt Municipality is inundated with the proliferation of informal urban settlements especially around its southern fringes, which has engendered these settlements to become vulnerable to the vagaries of any occurring disaster such as the COVID-19 pandemic. This study attempts to unfold residents' lived experiences in these informal settlements to get the narratives of their experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of forty-one (41) informal settlements were identified, out of which three (3) of those settlements (Okrika, Nembe and Ibadan) were selected purposively due to ease of accessibility, safety and spread around the municipality. The study adopted the qualitative approach by applying semi-structured interviews with key informants in these selected informal settlements. A total of nine (9) key informants were selected, with three (3) comprising the head of the community development committee (CDC), Youth and Women representatives from each settlement were interviewed. In addition, photographs of these selected informal settlements were taken to depict the characteristics of those settlements. Content analysis was used to analyse the outcome of the interviews. Some key findings include poor orientation of residents regarding disease spread, no effective urban renewal scheme to improve residents' quality of life, no proper planning of those settlements and residents were not included in the planning of those settlements. This study recommends proper enlightenment of residents regarding the management of disease spread. The provision of sustainable measures that will build resilience and adaptive capacities for the dwellers and continuous urban renewal schemes to ensure the provision of basic social infrastructure that would improve the residents' quality of life. However, the study concludes that the identification and characterisation of informal settlements will provide a better understanding and knowledge of the settlements as a resource to improve the social and economic conditions of the dwellers, distribution of infrastructural facilities and services, and wealth, thereby enhancing the quality of life and wellbeing of the residents and the general urban affairs as this will equally present opportunities for proper urban planning and management.","PeriodicalId":253461,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Environment & Ecology","volume":"352 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133958918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}