{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Smart Grids: the Cable Joint Test Case","authors":"V. Negri, A. Mingotti, L. Peretto, R. Tinarelli","doi":"10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978846","url":null,"abstract":"The technological advance of the XXI century provides several benefits to the electrical grid. Such benefits are not limited to new electrical assets, also technologies developed for other fields may become key tools. A clear example is artificial intelligence (AI), which is fundamental to the processing of the data being generated nowadays. Therefore, a potential application of AI in the electrical grid is the predictive maintenance of medium voltage cable joints. These accessories are one of the main causes of fault in the distribution network, resulting in significant economic losses and energy not supplied to the customers. In this paper, a realistic scenario is designed to produce data for a typical machine learning (ML) algorithm. In detail, the main fault modes of cable joints and the associated parameters are defined. Afterwards, the ML algorithm is tested and validated considering its realistic implementation by a distribution system operator. From the results, it is possible to appreciate (i) the applicability and the effectiveness of the algorithm for the predictive maintenance of cable joints; (ii) the discussion on the pros and cons of the use of ML algorithms; (iii) some hints to better exploit the algorithm in practical applications.","PeriodicalId":253296,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126741543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AMPS 2022 Cover Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/amps55790.2022.9978893","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/amps55790.2022.9978893","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":253296,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132276434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Artale, A. Cataliotti, V. Cosentino, D. D. Cara, A. D. Stefano, N. Panzavecchia, G. Tinè, Aurelio Zinno
{"title":"Time domain symmetry parameters analysis for series arc fault detection","authors":"G. Artale, A. Cataliotti, V. Cosentino, D. D. Cara, A. D. Stefano, N. Panzavecchia, G. Tinè, Aurelio Zinno","doi":"10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978832","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a feasibility study of exploiting the symmetry of some parameters for series arc fault detection in electrical circuits. The considered parameters are defined in the time domain and they are based on the current signal derivative and the evaluation of cross-correlation between subsequent observation windows. The analysis is carried out for AC systems, starting from an experimental characterization, which has been carried out in accordance with the Standard UL 1699 requirements for \"unwanted tripping tests\" and \"operation inhibition tests\" of arc fault circuit interrupters (AFCIs). The results obtained in different load conditions show that the proposed parameters can be useful for detecting the arc faults presence, with the advantage of low computational costs.","PeriodicalId":253296,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114329527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Schlüterbusch, J. Meisner, F. Gerdinand, S. Passon
{"title":"Evaluation of composite voltage test parameters in the case of the combination power frequency and switching impulse","authors":"T. Schlüterbusch, J. Meisner, F. Gerdinand, S. Passon","doi":"10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978875","url":null,"abstract":"The integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid and the extension of power transfer capabilities is one important step towards a reduction in CO2 emissions, a sustainable infrastructure and environment friendly power generation. In the electric grid this is causing a shift from the centralized generation of energy by big rotating AC generators towards more complicated, distributed, often semiconductor-based grid components using DC power in the process of power generation and often higher system voltages. The latter is underlined by the trend of ultra high voltage (UHV) power transmission. This leads to the need of more adequate, adapted test principles for the examination of the capabilities of grid components. In this context the work on the next revision of the standard IEC 60060 series considers the implementation of combined and composite voltages for impulse voltage tests. Until now there is no uniform procedure for the evaluation of the parameters of these novel test voltages. In particular for the case of more complex composite wave shapes. The Example this paper features is an impulse superimposed to a 50 Hz AC signal which record does cover only a small number of whole periods. In this paper we would like to investigate approaches in how to obtain concise and comparable results when working with combined and composite test voltages. These voltages consist out of lightning impulses (LI) or switching impulses (SI) superimposed to a conventional power supply voltage that is either an AC or a DC Voltage. Subject to this investigation is also the use of nonlinear regression in the process of the evaluation.","PeriodicalId":253296,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115711241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating and Modeling the Harmonic Measurement Accuracy of Current Transformers","authors":"M. Faifer, C. Laurano, R. Ottoboni, S. Toscani","doi":"10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978787","url":null,"abstract":"Overall measurement accuracy of current transformers is expressed by their accuracy class. When considering the fundamental component, it corresponds to ratio and phase error limits that are relaxed at small current values. As far as low-power current transformers, fixed ratio and phase error limits are prescribed at harmonic components. This paper shows, through numerical simulations, that this approach cannot represent the performance of current transformers in the presence of nonlinearity. A general method to model the behavior of harmonic ratio and phase errors is presented, regardless of the operating principle of the current transformer. This suggests an alternative approach to specify accuracy requirements at a given harmonic, which should depend on its relative magnitude with respect to the fundamental.","PeriodicalId":253296,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122532315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of a Transfer Standard for DC Power Quality Reference Systems","authors":"G. Frigo, M. Agustoni","doi":"10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978849","url":null,"abstract":"Most renewable energy sources are operated in direct current (DC) and require dedicated inverter to be integrated in the power system. This results in loss of rotational inertia as well as degradation of the power quality (PQ) indices. A promising alternative is represented by low-voltage DC grids, whose standardization though is still incomplete. Reference systems are being developed for DC metering and DCPQ, but their validation requires inter-laboratory comparison. To this end, we propose the design and preliminary characterization of a transfer standard for DCPQ measurements. The obtained results confirm the reliability of the proposed architecture, that guarantees a worst-case power uncertainty of 1 % over the frequency range from DC to few tens of kHz.","PeriodicalId":253296,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)","volume":"177 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124395049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniele Carta, Marcel Zimmer, T. Pesch, A. Benigni
{"title":"Bad Data Detection and Handling in ICT Platforms for Energy Systems","authors":"Daniele Carta, Marcel Zimmer, T. Pesch, A. Benigni","doi":"10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978880","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a modular tool for bad data detection, handling and recovery in ICT platforms. The proposed tool can be easily applied to platforms with different structures to perform online and offline analysis aimed at monitoring the data quality, recovering bad data, and investigating the proper operation of the platform’s components. Firstly, the considered framework is introduced, then each module is described underlying its characteristics. Moreover, we present and discuss the results obtained by means of the recovery tool on a real test case.","PeriodicalId":253296,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123684012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Lodetti, P. Davis, D. Ritzmann, P. Wright, V. Khokhlov, Jan Meyer, D. Istrate, K. Kasri, H. V. D. Brom, G. Ye, R. Leeuwen, A. Gallarreta, D. D. L. Vega
{"title":"Comparison of laboratory and grid measurements of 9 kHz to 150 kHz appliance emissions","authors":"S. Lodetti, P. Davis, D. Ritzmann, P. Wright, V. Khokhlov, Jan Meyer, D. Istrate, K. Kasri, H. V. D. Brom, G. Ye, R. Leeuwen, A. Gallarreta, D. D. L. Vega","doi":"10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978783","url":null,"abstract":"The frequency range from 9 kHz to 150 kHz is still lacking a complete normative measurement framework. At the moment, it is not fully clear how well measurements of equipment emissions performed in laboratory environment compare with emissions measured in real low voltage networks, mainly due to different impedance conditions. This paper addresses this issue by presenting a comparison of emissions from a selected set of appliances measured in the laboratory with on-site low voltage network measurements of the same appliances. Several laboratories participated in this comparison, and different low voltage network locations have been taken into consideration. The comparison demonstrates overall agreement between the results obtained in different locations and conditions, especially where high-amplitude narrowband emissions are concerned. However, some differences have also been identified in the analysis between laboratory and grid measurements as well as between different laboratories. This might be due to the use of different (compliant) instruments with different characteristics or due to the use of artificial mains networks, which might not be fully representative of grid impedance.","PeriodicalId":253296,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121060480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DC active electrical energy meters: Accuracy tests","authors":"C. Mester","doi":"10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978857","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing spread of electric vehicles, the measurement of DC active electrical energy becomes relevant for billing purposes again. Given the large numbers of DC charging stations, efficiency is key. Calibration and testing must be highly automatised and multiple meters must be tested at the same time, as it is common practice for AC electrical energy meters. However, neither isolated current transformers nor multi secondary voltage transformers exist for DC. This paper proposes an alternative method for simultaneous testing of closed-link electrical energy meters that is suitable for DC.Often, DC active electrical energy meters differ considerably from AC electrical energy meters. For instance, the resolution of the pulse output may be the same as the resolution of the register on the display. Therefore, this article analyses the implications of using the pulse output or the register. Examples of uncertainty budgets for the two most common measurement methods, the pulse comparison method and the energy comparison method, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":253296,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)","volume":"297 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121270649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gaussian Filters for P Class PMUs: a Performance Comparison of Alternative FIR Design Procedures","authors":"Xuansheng Shan, D. Macii, H. Wen, D. Petri","doi":"10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/AMPS55790.2022.9978841","url":null,"abstract":"Protection-oriented (P Class) Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are required to estimate the synchrophasor, the frequency and the Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) of ac voltage or current waveforms with high accuracy and low latency to detect possible anomalous events in power systems promptly and effectively. The classic architecture of many commercial PMUs relies on the direct frequency Down-Conversion and Filtering (DCF) of the collected input waveform. However, the adopted low-pass filters are generally optimized for harmonic disturbance rejection, while no much attention is usually devoted to overshoot minimization, which is instead of crucial importance when sudden phase or amplitude steps occur. Recalling that in principle the Gaussian filters exhibit zero-overshoot in the case of step changes, in this paper two alternative Finite Impulse Response (FIR) approximations of the Gaussian filter (one based on the windowing method and the other on the cascaded boxcar filters, respectively) are proposed and compared. Several simulation results (obtained in the P Class testing conditions of the IEEE/IEC Standard 60255-118-1:2018) confirm that both filters provide better results than those obtained with the classic triangular impulse response filter suggested in the Annex D of the Standard. Also, the results in the case of step changes exhibit almost zero overshoot and the same response times. However, due to the different frequency response in the stopband, the Gaussian filter approximation based on the cascade of boxcar filters provide slightly more accurate results than in the case when the windowing method is used, even though the latter provides a better approximation of the Gaussian impulse response.","PeriodicalId":253296,"journal":{"name":"2022 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Applied Measurements for Power Systems (AMPS)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129497554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}