{"title":"The birth of Buddhist politics of religious freedom in Myanmar","authors":"I. Frydenlund","doi":"10.1080/20566093.2017.1390656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2017.1390656","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given the long history of discrimination and violence against religious and ethnic minorities in Myanmar, international and transnational actors have engaged to address injustice and suffering. These ‘expert’ actors carry with them a particular understanding of religion and of religious freedom, often emphasizing the right to proselytize and to change one’s religion, or the right to freely associate in religious buildings. These actors engage in a Burmese landscape of domestic expert actors who might or might not share their concerns, creating a myriad of entanglements of ‘expert religion’ in the field of religious freedom, religious minority rights and interreligious relations. In the years 2013–2015 this diverse landscape came to be dominated by the Buddhist group MaBaTha and its campaign for four laws ‘to protect race and religion’ against the perceived ‘islamization’ of Myanmar. This article investigates ideas of religious freedom by looking at MaBaTha draft laws and the final 2015 legislation, considering how a ‘Buddhist politics of religious freedom’ became a tool to protect Buddhism from the perceived dangers posed by Islam.","PeriodicalId":252085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religious and Political Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115400550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘The New Global Politics of Religion’: religious harmony, public order, and securitisation in the post-colony","authors":"I. Hussin","doi":"10.17863/CAM.14458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17863/CAM.14458","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article explores key concepts in legal reasoning on the issue of ‘religious harmony’ in Malaysia. It argues that the concept of religious harmony belongs to the realm of public order, and public order is indexed to the legal logic of internal security. In Malaysian legal reasoning, the genealogy of these concepts runs through India and the United Kingdom. Arguments for religious freedom based upon normative commitments to liberal rights do not take into account the institutional and legal logic of internal security, within which toleration has different stakes and meanings. When resources are deployed to support the state governance of religion in service of international security concerns, they further consolidate the confluence of internal security and religious harmony, often at the expense of religious minorities. Through a tracing of the reasoning and references of judges and litigants in a series of judgements on the uses of the word ‘Allah’ by Christians in Malaysia, this article details a post-colonial genealogy of religious harmony through concerns not for toleration or liberty, but for order.","PeriodicalId":252085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religious and Political Practice","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125849479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Beyond religious freedom: Asia-Pacific engagements in conversation with Elizabeth Shakman Hurd","authors":"J. Rees, Timothy Smartt","doi":"10.1080/20566093.2017.1396091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2017.1396091","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article frames religion as a contested category in the study of political practice and serves as an introduction to a special issue of the JRPP that interrogates the politics of religious freedom in contexts of the Asia-Pacific. Mavelli and Petito’s depiction of two modes of postsecularism (2012) – summarised as the mode of religious resilience and the mode of radical critique – allows further consideration of contrasting assumptions shaping current debates about religion and politics. We suggest that the recent and influential scholarship of Elizabeth Shakman Hurd can be aligned with the mode of radical critique, noting the influence of Beyond Religious Freedom (2015) as establishing a platform for further critical studies of the political use of religion in diverse global contexts. New essays drawn from settings across the Asia-Pacific – Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Australia, United States, East Asia – are situated within this broader discourse and in conversation with Hurd’s work. In addition, the inclusion of perspectives that instantiate the mode of religious resilience reestablish the interlocution between the two modes of postsecularism and the contested nature of religion as a category of political practice research.","PeriodicalId":252085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religious and Political Practice","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127747669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"When ‘good religion’ is good","authors":"Atalia Omer","doi":"10.1080/20566093.2017.1396089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2017.1396089","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article interrogates the assumptions and arguments proposed by Elizabeth Shakman Hurd in Beyond Religious Freedom and her contribution in the present issue of the JRPP. Hurd destabilizes and historicizes the universal claims of the discourse of religious freedom, rendering it an instrument of domination and manipulation. The article critiques this approach for its power reductionism toward religion as a category. Engaging Hurd’s heuristic formulations of ‘governed’, ‘expert’ and ‘lived’ religion, as well as Hurd’s ‘two faces of faith’ framework, the article offers counter-arguments developed from the perspective of religious peacebuilding and broader constructive approaches to change processes and conflict transformation. It is argued that Hurd’s analysis of the instrumentalization of religion in ‘expert’ and ‘governed’ policy domains lacks a recognition of the hermeneutical contestation extant in religious traditions and motivations, and the internal pluralities of religion that this contestation involves. Hurd’s critique offers a prism through which to elucidate our examination of some discursive traps underpinning the language of the promotion of religious freedom. However, the practices, actors, and meanings understood in the praxis of interfaith peacebuilding stand as tangible examples of constructive religious agency that challenge the assumptions underpinning Hurd’s project as a whole.","PeriodicalId":252085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religious and Political Practice","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126981129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wonders and tremors in the aftershocks of high energy physics","authors":"Rachel Morgain","doi":"10.1080/20566093.2017.1351168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2017.1351168","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article addresses the quality of wonder that surrounds contemporary sites of high-energy physics, and the ethical implications of seeking to engage with these sites as sources of wonderment. It focuses on three pivot points in the emergence of high-energy physics that radiate with a quality of uncanny awe: the first atomic test, conducted under the codename Trinity; the statue of the dancing Nataraja outside the Large Hadron Collider at CERN; and the artistic engagements with particle physics of the Australian Synchrotron’s first artist-in-residence, Chris Henschke. It explores how sites of high-energy physics resonate with potent fears, stemming from the aftershocks of the first nuclear weapons tests and the ultimate unknowability of scientific experiment with powerfully destructive technologies. Drawing on Mary-Jane Rubenstein’s notion of ‘strange wonder’ and Karen Barad’s philosophical work on quantum entanglement, it seeks to explore both the troubling qualities of wonder surrounding popular discourses in high-energy physics and the potential to remake our relationships with its sites and cosmologies, focusing on artistic approaches that suggest new registers for our strange wonder.","PeriodicalId":252085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religious and Political Practice","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133795916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fear and wonder out bush: engaging a critical anthropological perspective on indigenous alterity","authors":"Eve Vincent","doi":"10.1080/20566093.2017.1351170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2017.1351170","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract When an Aboriginal family group called ‘Aunty Joan Mob’ travel ‘out bush’, they make contact with awe- and fear-inspiring country. In attempting to make sense of their wonder, I would be ill-served to rely too heavily on a kind of culturalism, which might attribute the source of this wonder to ontological precepts long shared by these (and other) Aboriginal people. Instead I seek to engage a ‘critical’ anthropological perspective in arguing that a range of factors are all crucial to understanding why Aunty Joan Mob engage in “wonder discourse”, through which they consider the primordial Aboriginal past and the alterity embodied by their own ancestors. I outline the role of settler colonial history, national political developments and the liberal promise of the recognition of Indigenous cultural difference, bitter local intra-Aboriginal conflicts, and the subordination of Aboriginal people within rural Australia’s racial schema. Taken together, these factors help explain that the bush today acts as a repository for latent powers, which are both marveled at and feared. Out bush Aboriginal people seek to escape the white gaze: this is a place where Aboriginal’s ability to survive, independent of white foodstuffs, is conjured up and relished. Wonder attends to Aunty Joan Mob’s experience of being in the bush, which becomes, albeit temporarily, a politically transformative imaginary space.","PeriodicalId":252085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religious and Political Practice","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128930299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clearing curses and commanding crocodiles: observations of atypical events in rural Solomon Islands","authors":"B. Hall","doi":"10.1080/20566093.2017.1351172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2017.1351172","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Solomon Islanders draw on stories of their ancestral origins to understand changes in their political and economic circumstances. These stories associate the power of the ancestors with their contemporary social world and both respond to and change the politico-religious environment in which they are told. In this article I draw on my fieldwork in Isabel, Solomon Islands and present the oral testimony of how a man came to have command over crocodiles. I also present two examples of a practice called a ‘clearance’, the outcome of which is to clear a harmful curse placed upon a dwelling. These cases support the argument that the effervescence of wonder discourses in a community are a sign of new ontological categories on the make. However, I conclude by cautioning how far this argument can be taken in light of other approaches anthropologists have taken to anomie and social discord in human societies.","PeriodicalId":252085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religious and Political Practice","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115801099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Uncertain encounters with wild elephants in Assam, Northeast India","authors":"Paul G. Keil","doi":"10.1080/20566093.2017.1351173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2017.1351173","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract On the odd occasion, wild elephants in rural Assam, Northeast India, reveal themselves to be more-than-animal. For people living on the fringes of the forest, they are god-like creatures with supernatural powers of perception, able to grasp the hidden intentions and moral character of people. Drawing on ethnographic observations, animist literature, theories of witchcraft, and frameworks that foreground the different perceptual worlds of nonhumans, this paper will unpack how elephants can be divine agents and beings of wonder. Wonder arises at the limits of our conceptual resources and a deep uncertainty is at the core of divine encounters between human and elephant. This uncertainty is driven by three factors: first, regular explanations fail to make sense of elephant behavior; second, the person perceives a hidden connection between both beings that cannot be articulated; and, third, an awareness that the limits and reasons of nonhumans cannot be comprehensively grasped. Uncertain encounters with elephants can be revelatory and open people to unforeseen aspects of themselves and their environment. It is also from this position of uncertainty that anthropologists can better understand informants’ relations with nonhumans.","PeriodicalId":252085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religious and Political Practice","volume":"351 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132529435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Getting more real with wonder: an afterword","authors":"Michael W. Scott","doi":"10.1080/20566093.2017.1351174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2017.1351174","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This Afterword is part apologia for an ontology-centred approach to the anthropology of wonder, part diplomatic mission to bring the articles in this special issue into dialogue to yield new insights about wonder. The latter endeavor identifies five key areas in which the articles enhance understanding about wonder. First, they help to clarify the relationship between wonder and socio-political change. Second, they present ethnographic examples of what makes wonder practices work. Elsewhere, I have suggested that wonder can be a practice through which people resist existing ontological premises and advance lived alternatives. Going beyond this observation, these articles disclose how wonder practices persist and become routinized. Third, these articles not only show how wonder confers authority, they also show that the authority wonder confers is ontological authority – authority to lay down or revise ontological premises and their ethical and political implications. Fourth, the articles attest that wonder engages our received imagery and discourses about origins and stimulates us to generate new versions that revise, replace, or compete with the old. A fifth issue raised is whether nonhumans can wonder. Pushing against anthropocentric tendencies in some of the contributions, I suggest how we might imagine a nonhuman affective cognate to wonder.","PeriodicalId":252085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religious and Political Practice","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116529405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Try the spirits: power encounters and anti-wonder in Christian missions","authors":"Matthew Tomlinson","doi":"10.1080/20566093.2017.1351171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20566093.2017.1351171","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Missionaries who attempted to convert Pacific Islanders to Protestant Christianity in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries often engaged in public contests meant to demonstrate the power of Jehovah and the weakness of indigenous gods. These ‘power encounters’, as they came to be called, depended on a relationship between wonder and anti-wonder: missionaries were fully invested in the concept of wonder as radical alterity, as the success of their efforts depended on local populations’ willingness and capacity to open up to the previously unimaginable; but to make new encounters with wonder possible, missionaries had to challenge local expectations of spiritual efficacy, denying local sites’ original potential to evoke wonder. In this article, I begin by examining several cases of power encounters in Oceania, including Fiji, Tonga, and Solomon Islands. I then turn specifically to trees as spiritual sites that were prominent in old Fiji – and therefore the target of ax-wielding missionaries – but remain today as sites of a perceived fundamental, indigenous, land-based spiritual efficacy.","PeriodicalId":252085,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Religious and Political Practice","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124538255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}