The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies最新文献_第2页

Party Systems in Muslim Societies 穆斯林社会的政党制度

The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780190931056.013.20

Elizabeth R. Nugent

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New Media and Islamist Mobilization in Egypt 埃及的新媒体与伊斯兰主义动员

The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.29

A. Siegel

引用次数: 1

Islam and the Politics of Development 伊斯兰教与发展政治

The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.15

A. Malik, R. Mirza

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Social Movements, Parties, and Political Cleavages in Morocco: A Religious Divide? 摩洛哥的社会运动、政党和政治分裂:宗教分裂?

The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.12

Adria Lawrence

{"title":"Social Movements, Parties, and Political Cleavages in Morocco: A Religious Divide?","authors":"Adria Lawrence","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.12","url":null,"abstract":"The primary political cleavage in predominantly Muslim countries often appears to reflect an Islamist-secular divide. This chapter considers cleavages in electoral authoritarian regimes. It argues that, in this setting, the Islamist-secular cleavage is neither as divisive nor as important as it seems to be. It makes three broad claims. First, it argues that ideology—whether secular or religious—matters less than the stance an opposition group takes toward the ruling regime. The primary political question is not whether religion should guide politics, but whether to adopt a more cooperative or confrontational approach to the regime. Second, this analysis stresses the need to consider both formal political parties and social movement organizations (SMOs) when analyzing cleavages under electoral authoritarianism. The most critical actors are typically opposition SMOs, not political parties who participate in authoritarian electoral institutions. Including both allows us to see the limited importance of ideology in authoritarian politics. Third, this chapter suggests that opposition groups do not need to choose between religious and secular frames, but can incorporate elements of both. In a predominantly Muslim society, secular organizations may justify and propose policies on religious grounds, and Islamist groups can support secular aims. Religious and secular frames are not mutually exclusive alternatives. This chapter draws on the history of politics in Morocco to illustrate these claims.","PeriodicalId":251272,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114873640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Islam and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa 撒哈拉以南非洲的伊斯兰教与经济发展

The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.40

Melina R. Platas

{"title":"Islam and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa","authors":"Melina R. Platas","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.40","url":null,"abstract":"The world’s fastest-growing Muslim population resides in sub-Saharan Africa, a region that experiences the lowest levels of economic and human development globally. This chapter shows that Muslims in Africa often experience worse development outcomes than Christians. Across countries, Muslim majority countries are on average poorer, with higher levels of child mortality and lower levels of education, than countries where Muslims are a minority. Within countries, Muslims have fewer years of education than Christians, and experience higher rates of child mortality in a number of countries as well. The chapter discusses three channels through which religion may matter in explaining these divergent development trajectories: institutions, norms and beliefs, and geography. There is evidence of a role for both institutions and norms and beliefs in explaining gaps in development outcomes between Christians and Muslims. However, it is not necessarily the religious content of institutions or beliefs that matters. Colonial legacies that differ across Muslim and non-Muslim areas and the historical role of Christian missionaries in providing social services in Africa are among the factors that also appear to affect long-term development trajectories.","PeriodicalId":251272,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies","volume":"105 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131586149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Religion and Electoral Competition in Senegal 塞内加尔的宗教与选举竞争

The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.46

Dominika Koter

引用次数: 1

Religion and Party Politics in India and Pakistan 印度和巴基斯坦的宗教和政党政治

The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies Pub Date : 2020-09-02 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.33

S. Wilkinson

{"title":"Religion and Party Politics in India and Pakistan","authors":"S. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190931056.013.33","url":null,"abstract":"Until the 1990s, religious influence on party politics in India and Pakistan was primarily through street protests and pressure on mainstream nonreligious parties rather than by religious parties winning power directly. In India, such influence was constrained by the secular constitutional structure and the dominant role of the Congress Party. In Pakistan, however, politically deinstitutionalized parties, weakened by military interference, have never been strong enough to take on the clerics. Instead, party leaders and military regimes have increasingly tried to co-opt or accommodate Islamist parties and pressure groups to strengthen their own positions. Civilian and military governments in the 1970s and 1980s institutionalized much of the Islamist agenda within the state in a way that now seems impossible to reverse. Ironically, the very fact that much of the Islamist agenda is now institutionalized, makes it difficult for Islamist parties to expand much beyond the 10–20% of the votes they now receive.\u0000India’s secular consensus, which many observers saw as its greatest achievement, has been profoundly disrupted by the decline of the Congress Party over the past three decades and the rise of the BJP, headed by the dominant figure of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, who has deep roots in the Hindu Nationalist Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and its Hindu nationalist family (Sangh Parivar) of organizations. Modi, especially in his second term (2019–), has used his majority in parliament to try to radically remake India along Hindu nationalist lines, even though that was not central to his campaign platform, nor the reason why most development- and governance-minded voters elected him to office.","PeriodicalId":251272,"journal":{"name":"The Oxford Handbook of Politics in Muslim Societies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132958516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0