Jahr - European journal of bioethics最新文献

{"title":"Etički aspekti biomedicinski potpomognute oplodnje s posebnim osvrtom na zakonodavstvo Republike Srpske","authors":"Radenko Jotanović, Mirjana Miškić","doi":"10.21860/j.14.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.14.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The achievements of modern medicine have expanded the range of controversial situations in doctrine and the practice of Family Law. A special ethical issue is concerned with parenthood as a result of assisted reproductive technologies. Many questions arise from this problem, such as the issue of who has the right to achieve parenthood through biomedical-assisted fertilization. Another important ethical question is: “Do children born this way have the right to know their biological origin?” Ultimately, the final question is whether biological and sociological parenting can be reconciled. How can this contradiction be resolved? The authors will try to give possible solutions to the mentioned problems considering solutions from comparative law and the needs of the current situation. All proposals de lege ferenda are given from the perspective of solutions and shortcomings of the family and reproductive legislation of the Republic of Srpska.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safeguarding the Environment in the Light of the Covenant","authors":"Dominik Opatrný","doi":"10.21860/j.14.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.14.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"When the Biblical foundations of Christian environmental ethics are discussed, emphasis is usually placed on the theology of creation. However, the Compendium of the Social Doctrine of the Church starts with confidence based on the experience of Exodus, and states that “this reflection permits us to look to the future with hope, sustained by the promise and the covenant that God continually renews”. I argue that the theology of the covenant (not only with Noah) could and should supplement the traditional biblical themes used in the environmental discussion. The motif of the covenant not only links together various biblical texts relevant to environmental ethics, e.g. the story of Noah, Moses’ laws protecting animals, rules for the Sabbath, and prophetic visions of renewal, but also provides practical inspiration for environmentally responsible behavior.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136203094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Caring for adult children with disabilities","authors":"Jelena Ombla","doi":"10.21860/j.14.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.14.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Roditeljska skrb o odraslom djetetu s invaliditetom predstavlja izuzetne zahtjeve i odgovornost, što se može nepovoljno odraziti na njihovo tjelesno i psihičko funkcioniranje. Pritom je opterećenje njegovatelja veće kod onih roditelja koji skrbe o starijoj u odnosu na mlađu djecu, zbog kumulativnih efekata stresa te rastuće brige roditelja za nesigurnu budućnost njihove djece koja stare. S obzirom na to da cjelovita skrb o odrasloj djeci s invaliditetom predstavlja značajni psihofizički izazov za zdravlje starijih roditelja, te uzevši u obzir rezultate istraživanja koji ukazuju na značenje podrške sredine, cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ostvariti inicijalni uvid u problematiku skrbi o odrasloj djeci/osobama s invaliditetom unutar okvira javnog i privatnog sektora u RH i to iz perspektive roditelja njegovatelja. U istraživanju su sudjelovala 72 roditelja (67 žena) prosječne dobi od oko 53 godine, koji u potpunosti skrbe o svom odraslom djetetu s invaliditetom. Podaci su prikupljeni online metodom. Tematska analiza odgovora na temeljno istraživačko pitanje pokazuje kako manji udio roditelja iskazuje opće zadovoljstvo sa skrbi, dok većina roditelja navodi razloge nezadovoljstva sa skrbi koju njihovo dijete ostvaruje kao osoba s invaliditetom. Preliminarnim uvidom u aspekte formalne skrbi prema osobama s invaliditetom, iz perspektive roditelja, ostvaren je znanstveni doprinos u vidu empirijskih smjernica za buduća istraživanja ove tematike, dok zaključci mogu poslužiti pri daljnjem razvoju bioetičkog znanstveno-stručnog diskursa te, shodno tome, i analizama i evaluaciji postojećih socijalnih politika.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136201905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animal Ethics and Aesthetics Revisited","authors":"Tomaž Grušovnik, Vesna Liponik","doi":"10.21860/j.14.1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.14.1.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to establish a different (transspecies) model of (animal) ethics by challenging one of the dominant paradigms of contemporary ethics (and aesthetics), namely the ethics of otherness. The ethics of otherness, striving for openness and the avoidance of appropriation, pushes the animal into representability and ineffability, marking it as “wholly other”, which consequently leads to the impossibility of any kind of communication and mutual understanding, even self-understanding. It is in this context that the problem of anthropomorphism arises, a problem that is crucially linked to the central issue that feeds the ethics of otherness, the fear of uncanny proximity. Our thesis is that the most appropriate path to resolving the problem is not to try to undo the irresolvable tension between distance and proximity (to find a way out of the confrontation with the animal, either through the logos or through something that is supposed to transcend the logos), but rather the deconstruction of these attempts at transcendence that are the root of the issue. The relationship with the other can then be understood from the recognition of this paradox, an intertwining of understanding and misunderstanding, distance and proximity, or distant proximity.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Species Hybrids and Bioethics in Early Soviet Fiction","authors":"Henrietta Mondry","doi":"10.21860/j.14.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.14.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"My article addresses issues of bioethics in cross-species hybridism raised in Robert and Beylis’ well-known “Crossing species boundaries” (2003) and the ensuing discussion by examination of two important stories written in the Soviet 1920s, “A Dog’s Heart” and “The Amphibian Man”. I argue that these two fictional narratives show that literature not only responds to changing trends in biological sciences but also heuristically considers and intuits wider social implications of radical experimentation. My approach is both synchronic and diachronic as I demonstrate that while being grounded in the same reformative atmosphere of the 1920s, the two texts present divergent responses to the issue of cross-species hybridism relevant for our contemporary debates. In particular, I deal with the notions of man playing God, species identity in analogy to ‘race’, procreation of human-animal hybrids, and also consider the relevance of culture-specific concepts of charismatic and distant species for cross-species discourse.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Animals and Us, Us as Animals","authors":"Vojko Strahovnik","doi":"10.21860/j.14.1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.14.1.8","url":null,"abstract":"The field of animal ethics in philosophy has seen a variety of approaches since its recent resurgence. In this discussion, J. M. Coetzee’s book The Lives of Animals serves as a focal point. Two contrasting responses to Coetzee’s work are presented. The first response takes a traditional approach to the animal question, which aims to prevent suffering, improve animal welfare, and reject speciesism. The second response is more radical and emphasizes that the animal question is not just about animals, but also about us, human animals. This approach helpfully highlights the limitations of rational, philosophical thought when it comes to understanding the complexity of the animal question and ascribes the limitation to the phenomenon of the difficulty of reality.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nevidljivi među nama","authors":"Matea Butković, Ivan Butković","doi":"10.21860/j.14.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.14.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Cilj je suvremenih inkluzivnih vrijednosti, koje prožimaju europske i hrvatske obrazovne dokumente i kurikule, osigurati pravične i ravnopravne mogućnosti za razvoj svakoga učenika, bez obzira na njegove obrazovne potrebe te kulturno, etničko, jezično i socioekonomsko podrijetlo, a zastupljenost, realističan prikaz i prihvaćanje društvene različitosti u nastavnim materijalima naglašavaju se kao moćno sredstvo za prevladavanje diskriminacije, stigmatizacije i marginalizacije najranjivijih skupina u društvu. Stoga je iznimno važno da se u školskim udžbenicima vodi računa o zastupljenosti inkluzivnoga sadržaja. Cilj je ovoga istraživanja istražiti zastupljenost i prikaz osoba s invalidnošću u udžbenicima engleskoga jezika izdavača Profil-Klett (New Building Blocks 1, New Building Blocks 2, New Building Blocks 3, New Building Blocks 4) namijenjenima za poučavanje u prvim četirima razredima osnovne škole te ispitati odgovara li zastupljenost pojedine vrste invalidnosti u analiziranim udžbenicima stvarnomu udjelu osoba s invalidnošću u Republici Hrvatskoj. U istraživanju je primijenjena metoda analize sadržaja, a istraživanje je provedeno u tri faze. Prva i druga faza istraživanja uključivale su pomno čitanje svakoga udžbenika te analizu slika (fotografija i ilustracija) i teksta koji se odnosio na invalidnost ili osobe s invalidnošću. Sustav kodiranja temelji se na prilagođenome obliku istraživanja udžbenika engleskoga jezika koje su proveli autori Gulya i Fehérvári (2023). U trećoj fazi dobiveni rezultati uspoređeni su s udjelom osoba s invalidnošću u Republici Hrvatskoj (Registar osoba s invaliditetom). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na potrebu podizanja svijesti o uključivanju invalidnosti i osoba s invalidnošću u analizirane školske udžbenike s obzirom na to da trenutni nastavni sadržaji prikazuju samo oštećenje vida (primarno kod odraslih osoba), ali ne i druge kategorije invalidnosti, čime se ne odražava stvarni udio osoba s invalidnošću u Republici Hrvatskoj.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Specizmi u hrvatskom jeziku","authors":"Lidija Bakota","doi":"10.21860/j.14.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.14.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"U konstruiranju slike svijeta uporabom jezičnih konstrukata čovjek nerijetko (ne)opravdano pojednostavljuje i generalizira sheme koje ne odgovaraju stvarnim činjenicama (Bertoša 1999: 65). Čovjekova percepcija životinja i životinjskog stoga je često polarizirana; životinje su u govornikovoj svijesti pozitivne ili negativne, korisne ili nekorisne, pametne ili glupe. Čovjekova antropocentrična i specistička slika svijeta ogleda se u zloupotrebljavanju jezika uporabom jezičnih konstrukata koji se referiraju na životinje i životinjsko. U radu će se semantički opisati specizmi u hrvatskom jeziku u kojima je potvrđen istovjetan lingvistički i sociolingvistički obrazac: pučističkim rječnikom, tj. uporabom jezičnih konstrukata koji se referiraju na životinje i životinjsko, čovjek dopušta da interesi njegove vlastite vrste prevladavaju nad interesima pripadnika drugih vrsta. U radu se navode moguća nespecistička definiranja značenja riječi za biološke funkcije začeća, trudnoće, rađanja, smrti i mrtva tijela u izrazima koji se odnose na čovjeka i životinju.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cjeloživotno obrazovanje u vodnom sektoru","authors":"Krešimir Veble, Vatroslav Veble","doi":"10.21860/j.11.2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.2.14","url":null,"abstract":"Today, at the end of the second decade of the 21st century, 900 million people, nearly a seventh of the world’s population, have no access to sufficient quantities of hygienically correct drinking water. With accelerated population growth in the world, as well as urban growth, increased exploitation of forest areas, and the already present effects of climate change, this problem is becoming more and more globally influential. Taking all this into consideration, it is increasingly difficult to ensure and maintain adequate water levels. Fortunately, Croatia is the wealthiest country in Europe in terms of potable water supply. However, unfortunately, over 50% of the water entering water supply systems is lost on the way from the source to the end-user, leaking out from the network. The loss of the world’s most important resource for life and health, in addition to biological, also has significant financial consequences related to increased pumping and water production to compensate for losses. All of these inevitably contribute to the unjustified increase in water prices. Last year, the Croatian State Water Agency allocated 100 million HRK for solving the problems of excessive losses in waterworks, of which only half was spent, while half of the funds were not used. Taking the bioethical context of the problem into account, this article has several tasks: (1) to emphasise the need to establish a continuous lifelong education and training in water management; (2) to emphasise the urgency of the same organisation for the widest knowledge base in the water sector, which currently has virtually no training opportunities; (3) to prove that rational investment and advanced equipment without parallel raising knowledge level in the communal sector is not rational; (4) lifelong education of employees in the water sector should be accompanied by adequate translations of the literature that is abundant in world languages; (5) to work on educating the youngest so that time introduces them to the importance of water as one of the essential resources on Earth; (6) at the same time, all users of water supply, drainage, and wastewater treatment systems should be informed about the ways of saving water and the correct use of the water supply, drainage, and wastewater systems. Of course, the preservation of water resources is closely related to raising bioethical awareness and knowledge about the importance of water to all users. We believe that only the lifelong learning and multi-dimensional improvement of employees working in the water sector can achieve the best results. It is not only an economic imperative but rather an imperative to revive life care.\u0000Keywords: bioethics, education, preservation of water resources, social awareness.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124815894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public Diplomacy and Related Concepts from the Perspective of Lasswell’s Communication Model","authors":"Hasan Saliu","doi":"10.21860/j.11.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this article is to explore the differences between public diplomacy and similar concepts that relate to the country’s international image. Concepts such as public diplomacy, traditional diplomacy, foreign policy, international public relations, propaganda, national branding, etc., are often seen as synonymous. A mere observation of these concepts is provided in the literature review. These concepts are elaborated based on the communication actors’ perspective, the inter-communicating parties, the message providers, the message recipients, and the mode of communication, whereas identifying the differences and distinctions between them is realized according to the Lasswell communication formula. The conclusions show that this communication approach provides more potential to identify the differences between these concepts as compared to the current approaches, which view them from an interdisciplinary perspective.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127724459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}