Jahr - European journal of bioethics最新文献

{"title":"Rousseauova prirodna pedagogija","authors":"Goran Sunajko","doi":"10.21860/j.11.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Rad razmatra Rousseauovo romantičarsko okretanje prirodi u epohi razuma. Kada su gotovo svi relevantni francuski prosvjetitelji (Voltaire, Diderot, d'Alembert, Montesquieu i dr.) smisao izgradnje modernoga čovjeka vidjeli u odgoju putem racionalizma, Rousseau je upozoravao da je priroda prvi učitelj od kojeg dijete, a onda i građanin, treba učiti. Znanosti i umjetnosti zbog svoje kompetitivne naravi iskvarile su prirodnoga dovjeka, kojemu je priroda dala ljubav prema sebi i milosrđe prema drugome, vrijednosti koje ekonomski kompetitivni racionalizam stavlja u drugi plan. Cilj je izlaganja afirmirati Rousseauov koncept »Druge prirode« koji afirmira harmoniju društva temeljenu na prirodnom poretku. Rousseauva »prirodna pedagogija« zastupljena je kroz čitavu njegovu filozofiju, od filozofije umjetnosti (Discours sur les sciences et les arts; Julie ou la Nouvelle Héloïse; Lettre sur les spectacles) i filozofije odgoja (Émile ou de l’éducation; Les Rêveries du promeneur solitaire) preko filozofije politike (Du contrat social) i filozofije ekonomije (Discours sur l’origine et les fondements de l’inégalité parmi les hommes; Économie politique) do metafizike (Profession de foi du vicaire savoyard). U svim navedenim djelima zrcali se Rousseauov pokušaj da preko prirodnih načela odgoji modernoga čovjeka i njegovo društvo. U biti njegove filozofije jasno se može uočiti pogrešan stav mnogih interpreta kako je Rousseau stvorio pretpostavke Francuskoj revoluciji. Naprotiv, Rousseau je filozof prirode, kako stoji i na njegovu nadgrobnom epitafu u Panthéonu. On je odgajao pojedinca koji neće biti »čovjek revolucije« jer u sebi sadrži dovoljno ljubavi prema sebi i drugome da bi zadavao udarce pojedincu i društvu. Iz Rousseauove se filozofije, stoga, ne može izvesti pledoaje za revoluciju.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124509018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A brief historical overview of bioethical activism in Croatia","authors":"Ivica Kelam","doi":"10.21860/j.11.2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.2.13","url":null,"abstract":"There has been a universal agreement in the last couple of decades that bioethics education at all levels should be provided to citizens through the adoption of the Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights by the UNESCO General Conference in 1997 and by the United Nations General Assembly in 1998. The work of bioethical educators in moral and (bio)ethical values was applied to the issues raised by modern science and technology. The process of learning is also recognized as being the result of complex interacting influences. Teaching in a bioethical context must recognize these interconnections because of the internal application to and impact on peoples’ lives. Furthermore, teaching in a bioethical context needs to use pedagogies that engage students in participatory activities to enable the development of multiple dimensions of knowledge. These dimensions include the scientific content as well as the personal, social, and emotional aspects associated with any particular bioethical issue. Therefore, it is crucial to highlight the importance of focusing on the nature of the controversy, recognizing that opinions are based on particular worldviews and critical reflection of personal views, as well as promoting open-mindedness or willingness to accommodate new views and develop a new bioethical perspective on life. The paper presents several examples of bioethical activism in Croatia that provided an impetus for teaching students in bioethical activism at the Faculty of Education. I will mention an example of the inclusion of the NGO Pobjede in a bioethical course on the subject of the ethical relation to animals. An example of NGO Pobjede activity was a stimulating example of bioethical activism for students.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128653215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mogućnosti i granice odgoja za suosjećanje","authors":"Ivana Zagorac","doi":"10.21860/j.11.2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.2.8","url":null,"abstract":"U prvome dijelu rada ukratko se analiziraju zagovor odgoja za suosjećanje te poziv na razvoj kulture empatije, kao i koncepti suosjećanja i empatije. U drugome dijelu rada sagledavaju se karakteristike odgoja za suosjećanje, pri čemu se ukazuje na njegovu snagu, ali i ograničenja. Posebno poticajnima u tom pogledu pokazat će se uvidi Jean-Jacquesa Rousseaua. Ističe se isprepletenost odgoja za suosjećanje i društvenih okolnosti: s jedne strane sugerira se da takav odgoj ima potencijal poboljšavanja društvenih i moralnih odnosa u društvu, dok se s druge strane nalazi uvid da su gotovo svakoj devijaciji suosjećanja pridonijeli upravo društveni život, socijalne norme i iskrivljeni moralni standardi. Na tragu zapažanja Davida Humea o odnosu suosjećanja i pravednosti, nadalje se ukazuje na opasnost da odgoj za suosjećanje, koji u prvi plan stavlja pojedinca i njegovu osobnu odgovornost, posluži kao alibi za pasivnost institucija čija je uloga zaštita ranjivih skupina. Zaključuje se da je potrebno ostaviti dovoljno prostora i urediti poticajnu okolinu za razvoj i odgoj suosjećanja, no da nije uputno idealizirati njegovu snagu i bezgraničnost.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133856682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community of philosophical inquiry as a method in early bioethical education","authors":"Bruno Ćurko","doi":"10.21860/j.11.2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.2.9","url":null,"abstract":"‘Community of inquiry’ is a concept introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce, and was originally restricted to the practitioners of scientific inquiry. M. Lipman (2003) expanded this concept by moving it into a broader setting – the classroom. He converted the classroom into a community of inquiry, in which “students listen to one another with respect, build on one another’s ideas, challenge one another to supply reasons for otherwise unsupported opinions, assist each other in drawing inferences from what has been said, and seek to identify one another’s assumptions.” David Kennedy (2012) claimed how “Lipman, taking a cue from his friend and mentor Justus Buchler, developed and called ‘community of philosophical inquiry’— the most appropriate way to practice with students the philosophical curriculum that he had developed. This idea is also a philosophical one, and it has a farreaching implication, both practical and theoretical – for learning theory, for theory of teaching, for argumentation theory, for theory of knowledge, for group psychology, for moral education, and perhaps, ultimately of the greatest importance, for grounded political theory and practice.” In various and different approaches to philosophy with children, we can find a community of philosophical inquiry as one of the main methods. For instance, a community of philosophical inquiry is one of the methods used in Ethics and Values Education: “The term ethics and values education (EVE) applies to all aspects of education which either explicitly or implicitly relate to ethical dimensions of life and are such that can be structured, regulated and monitored with appropriate educational methods and tools.” (Strahovnik, 2015). Leaning on the cited definition of EVE, if we focus specifically on the issues of the contemporary world with its ecological crisis and rapid digitalization, we can set the relation of the ethical dimensions of life as a bioethical question. Using methodology for the community of philosophical inquiry as a basis for bioethical questioning, we can satisfy the need for innovative and effective bioethical education from an early age. In my lecture, I will show how the community of philosophical inquiry can be connected with","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124715598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioetička edukacija na teološkim fakultetima Univerziteta u Sarajevu","authors":"Orhan Jašić, Željko Kaluđerović, Samir Beglerović","doi":"10.21860/j.11.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Within the University of Sarajevo, there are two theological faculties, the Faculty of Islamic Studies and the Faculty of Catholic Theology. For a long time, neither one of these institutions was a constituent of the University since they only existed under the umbrella of religious institutions. Nevertheless, students at these faculties study both theological and secular modules. It is noticeable, directly or indirectly, that the study of bioethics represents one of the most necessary contemporary segments in the educational process, especially in theological schools. Therefore, the text explains different study programmes offered by the Faculty of Islamic Studies in Sarajevo at all three study levels, i.e. undergraduate, master’s, and doctoral level. Furthermore, the text also offers information on the available study programmes at the Faculty of Catholic Theology, namely the integrated study of theology and the master’s program Interreligious Studies and PeaceBuilding which is implemented in cooperation with the Faculty of Islamic Studies and the Orthodox Theological Faculty Sv. Vasili Ostroski of Foca (the latter is a constituent of the University of East Sarajevo and for that reason has not been taken into consideration in this article). It is important to note that authors approached the bioethical issues strictly from the secular point of view, more precisely from the field of practical philosophy, that is, its branch of ethics. Precisely for this reason, and in order to adequately discuss bioethical topics which are secular in nature and not religious, the authors used an interdisciplinary and multidimensional approach. However, in accordance with the title of the article, the paper especially focuses on the modules within which bioethical topics are studied. Accordingly, the analysis of bioethical problems was made primarily from the philosophical (ethical) point of view, and it was based on the syllabi, course textbooks, and additional literature. On this occasion, the bioethical publications of teachers in these two institutions were also reflected on. Regardless of their different religious approaches to bioethical problems, the conclusions of the paper point to the points of their common “bioethical” interest as well as the disagreements.\u0000Keywords: bioethical education, philosophy, theology.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129257486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"www: kritički potencijali anonimnog dijela interneta","authors":"Lidija Knorr","doi":"10.21860/j.11.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of information accessible through the internet requires specific research procedures and competence development needed to verify and recognise the relevant information and their classification. This article briefly considers (1) a fundamental distinction of three levels of the internet (Surface Web, Deep Web, and Dark Web) and their critical potentials, (2) required competencies for processing available information as critical thinking and information literacy, and (3) three situations for internet application and suggestions for a more extensive crucial use of the internet.\u0000Keywords: Internet, Surface Web, Deep Web, Dark Web, critical thinking, information literacy, ethical principles.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115685150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crowd-based applications and societal challenges","authors":"G. Marzano","doi":"10.21860/j.11.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The spread of mobile technology and ubiquitous connectivity have opened great possibilities for the implementation of applications that leverage data generated by normal users’ interactions on the web. As a consequence, there is a growing interest in crowd-based applications, namely those programs that involve people in a participatory or opportunistic way. In many cases, data can be gathered automatically without user intervention and, in some cases, even without their explicit knowledge. The possibility to elude a users’ awareness fosters concerns regarding the potential risks hidden inside crowd-based applications. These applications might compromise the privacy of citizens, whilst data collected by them might be used to manipulate people’s opinions. The governance of technology is a controversial area, and there is a wide array of different positions on the matter. There are those who dogmatically argue the positive value of technology, while others interpret the ongoing digital advancements as a dystopian menace. This article focuses on crowd-based applications, highlighting some societal challenges and risks that they may present. Technology runs so fast that it is challenging to keep pace with the changes brought by the digital revolution. However, an effort is required to extend the depth of digital knowledge of citizens and involve them in the use of the new technologies, and in this endeavor, greater knowledge is an essential step in any critical process.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"41 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130417991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pametno starenje","authors":"Z. Stojanović, A. Štambuk, Lucija Vejmelka","doi":"10.21860/j.11.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Cilj rada je pregled dosadašnjih teorijskih promišljanja i istraživanja provedenih o konceptu pametnog starenja. Objašnjava se model ESHTAM koji proučava spremnost na korištenje tehnologije u starijoj dobi te navode načini prihvaćanja koncepta pametnog starenja uz korištenje tehnologije, ali i bez nje. Razmatra se poboljšanje kvalitete života u starijoj dobi kroz kognitivnu stimulaciju, fizičku aktivnost i uravnoteženu prehranu te kako je moguće iskoristiti pomoć moderne tehnologije pri povećanju kognitivne funkcionalnosti, fizičkog napretka i socijalne uključenosti starijih osoba. Analizira se provedba pametnog stanovanja te utjecaj koncepta pametnog starenja na zdravstveni sustav. Rad obuhvaća i raspravu o etičkim dilemama povezanim s korištenjem tehnologije s osobama starije životne dobi.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126335935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwork of artificial intelligence humanities","authors":"Chan-Hee Lee, Hyeongjoo Kim","doi":"10.21860/j.11.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the Artificial Intelligence Humanities is to present humanistic suggestions for our lives and academia regarding how humans will live in a smart city surrounded by artificial intelligence technology. With that purpose in mind, we introduce the groundwork for the Artificial Intelligence Humanities and share our related concerns. As a concept, “Artificial Intelligence Humanities” comprises three elements: “artificial intelligence,” “content of the humanities,” and “methodology of the humanities.” The “content of the humanities,” comprises the derivatives of the traditional humanities, namely, linguistics, literature, history, ethics, sociology, and cultural studies. These five research areas, along with the discipline created through the traditional humanities’ acceptance of the changes brought by the age of intelligence, are derived by reflecting on oneself and the world, and they are applied to the world as it exists today in the age of artificial intelligence and the humanities.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116796243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban health and happiness in hutongs and highrises","authors":"H. Sass","doi":"10.21860/j.11.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21860/j.11.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Urban bodies are complex integrated adjustable systems (CIAS), in flexible interaction with their natural, cultural, economic and political biotopes. Small entangled communities such as hutongs, existing in China for over 1000 years, and modern high-rise apartment buildings to a different extent represent more or less healthy and stable communities, based on interpersonal and interfamilial interaction, trust and solidarity, shared interest and involvement in sports, arts, gardening, social and other activities. Urban and other communities are interconnected by common history, narratives and visions, religions and internet cyberspaces. Religions and new internet communities extend beyond the local communities of hutongs, apartment buildings, cities and businesses; they may support or threaten local urban community and coherence.","PeriodicalId":250910,"journal":{"name":"Jahr - European journal of bioethics","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132218105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}