{"title":"Covid-19","authors":"R. Zito","doi":"10.56094/jss.v56i2.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v56i2.23","url":null,"abstract":"Much has been said in the popular press about the world-wide COrnaVIrus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Some of this information is accurate, some is exaggerated. In some cases vital information has not been presented, while other information is simply wrong. As business activity resumes in the U.S. and other countries, occupational health and safety personnel will have to make some extremely difficult decisions. Those decisions will have to be based on a thorough understanding of the scientific facts and not fear, partial information or distortions. So, what are the facts? What is a coronavirus? How does it work? How did it get that name? Where did it come from? How does it spread? Is there any way to stop it? Do masks work? What about social distancing, hand sanitizers and hand washing? What do the coronavirus statistics mean? Can a vaccine be made? Does post-infection therapy work, and is it safe? Does vitamin C and zinc do anything, or is it just a hoax? These are some of the questions that will be addressed in this article.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133465551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Lessons Learned in a Complex Software Safety Program","authors":"N. Ozarin","doi":"10.56094/jss.v56i1.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v56i1.30","url":null,"abstract":"Development of a system software safety program was required as part of an effort to secure government safety certification of a complex and intrinsically hazardous software-controlled system under development by several contributing companies. The author was part of a team of software safety support engineers reporting to one of the contributing companies. This paper summarizes some of the highlights of the lessons learned during development of this program.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122038782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Applying Safety Concepts and Principles in Vital Controller Design","authors":"F. Shi","doi":"10.56094/jss.v56i1.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v56i1.31","url":null,"abstract":"A vital controller is safety critical and its failures, if not mitigated in time, can contribute to hazards in the application system. With electronics advancing and automation increasing, the expanding complexity of a vital controller creates challenges in designing it and assessing its safety integrity level. Typically, traditional safety engineering approaches are not effective for providing systematic guidance to design vital controllers and also not cost efficient for justifying their safety integrity. Through practice on developing multiple Communications-Based Train Control systems, we have identified an approach to using a set of safety concepts as guidance for both safety critical controller design and its safety integrity assessment. These safety concepts are categorized as intrinsic fail-safe, reactive fail-safe, and composite fail-safe. An effective combination of them is applying the composite fail-safe concept in checked redundancy techniques for designing the architecture of a controller, the reactive safety concept for identifying self-testing and monitoring mechanisms in each checked redundant channel, and the intrinsic fail-safe concept for ensuring safe interfaces to other controllers and controlled devices. This paper presents the approach for using these safety concepts and discusses their application principles and verification factors for achieving high safety integrity level of a controller.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"515 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116333718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"System Safety Bookshelf","authors":"Charles Muniak","doi":"10.56094/jss.v56i1.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v56i1.28","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematical Foundations of System Safety Engineering: A Road Map for the Future \u0000By Richard R. Zito","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"572 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131587363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sex, Health and Australia’s Artarmon Triangle","authors":"D. Boulais","doi":"10.56094/jss.v56i1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v56i1.29","url":null,"abstract":"The Artarmon Triangle in Sydney, Australia is cornered by three large broadcast towers that, over the years, have emitted high levels of radiofrequency radiation. One study of the Artarmon Triangle suggests a link between the incidence of leukemia and proximity to the towers. Further, there is a widespread belief within the telecommunications industry that exposure to radiofrequency radiation may cause telecommunication equipment riggers to conceive more female offspring. \u0000This study tests a hypothesis that telecommunications riggers who have worked on any of the three Artarmon Triangle towers would have an increased frequency of female offspring when compared to telecommunications riggers who have not worked in the Triangle.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127726853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"System Safety in Healthcare","authors":"D. Raheja","doi":"10.56094/jss.v56i1.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v56i1.26","url":null,"abstract":"Laparoscopic robotic surgeries allow surgeons to make much smaller incisions than those used in traditional surgeries. When surgeons insert special instruments through small cuts in a patient’s body, they can use a video monitor and laparoscope (a tiny video camera) to view what’s happening inside the body and perform the operation. Using these instruments, the surgeon doesn’t have to manually reach into the patient, leading to a minimally invasive experience. Surgeons can make several small cuts instead of one large cut, each typically no more than a half-inch long. \u0000Yet laparoscopic surgeries are not without risk. Even highly used surgical robots, such as the da Vinci robot, have had their share of issues. Complications can occur due to the patient’s condition and the type of surgery being performed.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115963977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence (AI) - The Need for New Safety Standards and Methodologies","authors":"Malcolm Jones","doi":"10.56094/jss.v55i3.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v55i3.39","url":null,"abstract":"There have been a series of challenges in developing appropriate safety standards and methodologies as technology evolves to ensure their safe implementation. These challenges, which fi rst arose at the dawn of the industrial revolution, will inevitably continue. New technologies will always forge ahead in a competitive marketplace; failure to do so will inevitably lead to organizational demise. However, these developments must be matched by a complement of research activity seeking to ensure that appropriate new safety standards and methodologies are put in place to maintain acceptable levels of risk. A new challenge now confronts us in the form of artifi cial intelligence (AI), where we stand at the frontiers of decision making in relation to what roles machines and humans should play in optimal decision making and how this will impact safety.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121945353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is AI in Healthcare Doomed, or Destined for Greatness?","authors":"B. Elahi","doi":"10.56094/jss.v55i3.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v55i3.38","url":null,"abstract":"Fully automatic and autonomous medical systems are already released and being used. Nurses and doctors have started adopting the technology to reduce manual work, and to provide more accurate service and impactful interventions to patients. Increased access, better outcomes, reduced costs and more personal and customized healthcare are the promise of AI. But unlike other commercial systems where performance is paramount, in healthcare, patient safety is the primary concern. There is a tremendous drive to capitalize on AI capabilities as soon as possible and as much as possible. However, there is a risk to AI's success. People expect infallibility from AI – far more than they expect from human physicians. As a result, only a few catastrophic events involving AI could spell doom for AI in healthcare.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114996016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From the Editor's Desk","authors":"Charles Muniak","doi":"10.56094/jss.v55i3.34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v55i3.34","url":null,"abstract":"I read a good number of scientific and technical journals, and almost every issue includes at least one article on some aspect of artificial intelligence (AI). The topics are usually about a new application, such as unmanned fighter jets, but quite often these articles touch upon the potential risks of these systems. \u0000And, a letter to the editor by Rick Clarke points out that a JSS article by Nancy Leveson in our last issue (Vol. 55, No. 2), “Improving the Standard Risk Matrix using STPA,” may not be fully connected to the background of system safety.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115855979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"President's Message","authors":"Russ Mitchell","doi":"10.56094/jss.v55i3.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v55i3.33","url":null,"abstract":"It’s the new year, a new decade, and we’ve turned the page as an organization. We’ve completed our contracting process and have a new staff! \u0000We’ve contracted with Ewald Consulting to provide association management services. Under this new arrangement, we will benefit by having professional staff available to help plan our annual Conference and events, provide enhanced member services and assist the Society’s leadership in moving strategic initiatives forward. Ewald Consulting is charter accredited by the Association Management Companies Institute (AMC Institute) and charter certified by the American Society of Association Executives (ASAE).","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121861159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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