IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic)最新文献_第2页

Bilgi, İnsan Kaynakları Ve Ekonomik İklimin İnovasyon Üzerine Olan Etkisinin Araştırılması (The Impact of Knowledge, Human Resources and Economic Climate on Innovation)

IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2014-12-20 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2541071

Ergul Soylemezoglu, Ö. Doruk

引用次数: 0

Why Don't Poor Countries Do R&D? 为什么贫穷国家不做研发?

IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2014-06-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2451260

Edwin Goñi, W. Maloney

{"title":"Why Don't Poor Countries Do R&D?","authors":"Edwin Goñi, W. Maloney","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2451260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2451260","url":null,"abstract":"Using a global panel on research and development (R&D) expenditures, this paper documents that on average poor countries do far less R&D than rich as a share of GDP. This is arguably counter intuitive since the gains from doing the R&D required for technological catch up are thought to be very high and Griffith et al. (2004) have documented that in the OECD returns increase dramatically with distance from the frontier. Exploiting recent advances in instrumental variables in a varying coefficient context we find than the rates of return follow an inverted U: they rise with distance to the frontier and then fall thereafter, potentially turning negative for the poorest countries. The findings are consistent with the importance of factors complementary to R&D, such as education, the quality of scientific infrastructure and the overall functioning of the national innovation system, and the quality of the private sector, which become increasingly weak with distance from the frontier and the absence of which can offset the catch up effect. China’s and India’s explosive growth in R&D investment trajectories in spite of expected low returns may be justified by their importing the complementary factors in the form of multinational corporations who do most of the patentable research.","PeriodicalId":248722,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114389992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 21

Technological Abundance for Global Agriculture: The Role of Biotechnology 技术丰富的全球农业:生物技术的作用

IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2012-03-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2020447

C. Juma

{"title":"Technological Abundance for Global Agriculture: The Role of Biotechnology","authors":"C. Juma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2020447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2020447","url":null,"abstract":"Science and innovation have always been the key forces behind agricultural growth in particular and economic transformation in general. More specifically, the ability to add value to agricultural production via the application of scientific knowledge to entrepreneurial activities stands out as one of the most important lessons of economic history. The Green Revolution played a critical role in helping to overcome chronic food shortages in Latin America and Asia. The Green Revolution was a result of both the creation of new institutional arrangements aimed at using existing technology to improve agricultural productivity, as well as new scientific breakthroughs leading to superior agricultural inputs, particularly improved strains of wheat and rice. In the wake of the recent global economic crisis and continually high food prices, the international community is reviewing its outlook on human welfare and prosperity. Much of the current concern on how to foster development and prosperity in developing countries reflects the consequences of recent neglect of sustainable agriculture and infrastructure as drivers of development. But all is not lost. Instead, those developing countries that have not yet fully embraced agricultural technology now have the chance to benefit from preexisting scientific advances in agriculture, particularly in biotechnology. Areas of the developing world lagging in the utilization and accumulation of technology have the ability not only to catch up to industrial leaders in biotechnology, but also to attain their own level of research growth.","PeriodicalId":248722,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic)","volume":"2010 25","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134480053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Research, Innovation and Technological Performance in Germany (Report 2012) 德国的研究、创新和技术表现(2012年报告)

IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2012-02-28 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2258506

U. Backes-Gellner, A. Gerybadze, D. Harhoff, P. Llerena, Joachim Luther, Monika Schnitzer

引用次数: 0

A Comparative Analysis of National Innovation Performance: The Baltic States in the EU Context 国家创新绩效的比较分析:欧盟背景下的波罗的海国家

IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2010-12-09 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.1722717

T. Paas, H. Poltimäe

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引用次数: 14

Beyond the Box: Innovation Policy in an Innovation-Driven Economy 跳出框框:创新驱动型经济中的创新政策

IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2009-07-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2209352

B. Kahin

{"title":"Beyond the Box: Innovation Policy in an Innovation-Driven Economy","authors":"B. Kahin","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2209352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2209352","url":null,"abstract":"Everybody agrees that innovation is important to our nation’s economic growth and future prosperity, but what can the government do to promote it? The consensus of four years ago focused on remedying our perceived competitive shortcomings in science education and research, especially in the physical sciences. Today, the question takes on new urgency with the recognition that much of the economic growth experienced over the past decade was illusory. For the long term, we need to take a closer look at the institutions that enable innovation, not only to see how they can be better coordinated but also how they can respond to the evolving forms and practice of innovation. This kind of adaptive intelligence has not been a strong point of the federal government, but it is essential to long-term economic growth and security. It will require infusing competence, innovation, and entrepreneurship into the government. Yet it also means recognizing that the capacity and role of government is limited, and that the functions of government are subject to high standards of transparency, accountability, and participation. A national commitment to innovation requires not only remediation but exploiting our strengths and enhancing the fabric of innovation, especially in the social, commercial, and institutional applications of technology. Innovation policy as practiced to date tends to take a top-down macroeconomic approach that views public research funding and tax credits as the primary policy tools. Those are important tools, but they are limited (and costly) and get caught up political processes that have become all too familiar. Important as they are, they should not distract from a closer appreciation and understanding of the processes of innovation — processes that can be improved by a focused and coordinated approach to standards, infrastructure, enabling technology, clusters, and patents, an approach that takes into account evolving practices and models in the many contexts in which innovation takes place.","PeriodicalId":248722,"journal":{"name":"IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126370670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Operational and Tactical Challenges Faced by Indian Software Firms 印度软件公司面临的作战和战术挑战

IRPN: National Innovation Systems (Sub-Topic) Pub Date : 2001-01-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2161711

Trilochan Sastry

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引用次数: 0