A Comparative Analysis of National Innovation Performance: The Baltic States in the EU Context

T. Paas, H. Poltimäe
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引用次数: 14

Abstract

This paper bridges two approaches to assess national innovation performance based on European Innovation Scoreboard (EIS) composite indicators and the analysis of the factors that may be behind these indicators. The main focus of the study is on analysing the innovation performance of the Baltic States – small countries with similar post-socialist path dependence. Our aim is to explore what factors have been most influential in developing the different levels of innovation performance in these countries, and whether these differences are also captured by innovation measurement indicators. Our analysis shows that the inability to sufficiently capture the quality of human capital, the small economy effect (i.e. high dependence on single enterprises in a sector) and data availability issues represent remarkable measurement problems. The measurement results may also be biased as a result of self-reporting indicators. This conclusion was confirmed by comparing the EIS evaluations with the results of our assessment via factor analysis. The results are robust. Estonian innovation performance seems to be ahead of the other two Baltic countries; the main causes have been the successful attraction of foreign investment, favourable tax policy and possible positive spillover effects from the Nordic neighbourhood, particularly Finland and Sweden.
国家创新绩效的比较分析:欧盟背景下的波罗的海国家
本文基于欧洲创新计分板(EIS)综合指标,结合了两种评估国家创新绩效的方法,并分析了这些指标背后可能存在的因素。这项研究的主要重点是分析波罗的海国家的创新表现——这些小国具有类似的后社会主义道路依赖。我们的目的是探索哪些因素对这些国家不同水平的创新绩效的发展影响最大,以及这些差异是否也被创新测量指标所捕捉。我们的分析表明,无法充分捕捉人力资本的质量、经济效应小(即高度依赖一个部门的单一企业)和数据可用性问题代表了显著的测量问题。由于自我报告指标,测量结果也可能存在偏差。通过因子分析,将环境影响评估结果与我们的评估结果进行比较,证实了这一结论。结果是稳健的。爱沙尼亚的创新表现似乎领先于其他两个波罗的海国家;主要原因是成功吸引外国投资、有利的税收政策以及北欧邻国,特别是芬兰和瑞典可能产生的积极溢出效应。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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