BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series最新文献

{"title":"Жайық өзені аңғары қара теректі орманды алқабының макромицеттер алуантүрлілігі","authors":"A.N. Sarsenova, S.A. Abiev, T.E. Darbayeva","doi":"10.32523/2616-7034-2023-142-1-111-123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2023-142-1-111-123","url":null,"abstract":"Research works devoted to the identification of species composition of the mycobiota of the Ural River valley within the West Kazakhstan region (WKR) were carried out in the forest communities of the region from 2019 to 2021. On the basis of field studies, a mycological description of black poplar (Populus nigra) forests, which are the main forest-forming species of the studied territory, was carried out for the first time. Also, there was carried out a geobotanical description of the main black poplar communities. The study area is located within two botanical and geographical regions such as in the Eurasian steppe and Saharo - Gobi desert zones, the Holarctic kingdom, on the border of the Boreal and Ancient Mediterranean subkingdoms. Throughout the floodplain along the Ural River poplar forests are the dominant species. When studying the diversity of macromycetes in the biota of cap fungi of black poplar forests, there were registered 42 species of macromycetes belonging to 32 genera and 19 families, 7 orders of the class Agaricomycetes. Ecological-trophic analysis showed a predominance of xylotrophs (18 species, 42,9 %) and humus saprotrophs (13 species, 31 %) over mycorrhizal (11 species, 26,1 %).) According to the results of the study, it can be assumed that the species composition of macromycetes is significantly influenced by the geographical position of the region, the geomorphological structure of the Ural River, as well as the soil-climatic and hydrological conditions of the region. The taxonomic composition of macromycetes collected and identified in the study area is presented for the first time for this area.","PeriodicalId":248021,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129780643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphometric characteristic of the ultrastructure of rat lung mitochondria after administration of chrysotile asbestos to animals","authors":"G.S. Ainagulova, F. Rzayev, E. Gasimov, R. Bersimbay","doi":"10.32523/2616-7034-2023-143-2-123-140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2023-143-2-123-140","url":null,"abstract":"he method of morphometric analysis was used to study ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria of the lungs of rats after a single intratracheal injection of chrysotile-asbestos dust into animals at doses of 25 mg and 50 mg. According to morphometric parameters, more serious changes were detected in mitochondria under the influence of asbestos at a dose of 50 mg, which were characterized by a significant increase in the area, perimeter and average diameter of the outer and inner membranes. The value of the area of the outer membrane of mitochondria in intact animals was 0.38±0.02 µm2, the perimeter was 2.52±0.11 µm, the average diameter was 0.75±0.03 µm, for experimental rats (asbestos 50 mg) the data the indicators turned out to be significantly increased and amounted to 0.59±0.04 µm2 (the area of the outer membrane), the perimeter was 3.67±0.19 µm, and the average diameter was 1.06±0.05 µm. For the inner membrane, these indicators in the control were as follows: the area of the inner membrane was 0.33±0.02 µm2, the perimeter was 2.40±0.12 µm, the average diameter was 0.71±0.032 µm, and for asbestos at a dose of 50 mg: 0.56±0.05 µm2 (internal membrane area), perimeter 3.68±0.21 µm, mean diameter 1.06±0.06 µm. Under the action of asbestos in lung cells, a significant decrease in the length of mitochondrial cristae was revealed: 9.11 ± 0.41 μm (control, intact animals), asbestos at a dose of 25 mg: 4.07 ± 0.33 μm and asbestos at a dose of 50 mg: 2.34±0.20 µm. Swelling and destruction of the cristae is observed, and this can be traced by morphometric parameters of the cristae diameter, which accordingly increased under the influence of 50 mg of asbestos by 90.9% (p<0.001). The obtained values of the area of the inner and outer membranes, the diameter and length of mitochondrial cristae made it possible to assess the degree of ultrastructural disorders of mitochondria, which may indicate mitochondrial dysfunction under the action of asbestos.","PeriodicalId":248021,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125591740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of salicylic acid in the plant defense mechanism","authors":"А. Irkitbay, A. Madenova, Z. Sapakhova","doi":"10.32523/2616-7034-2022-140-3-83-96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2022-140-3-83-96","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution and climate change negatively affect plant health. The growing demand for global food production in the agricultural sector is a decisive driving force for the development of new disease control methods that are effective against known pathogens. Plants possess specialized structures, chemicals, and complex defense mechanisms against pathogens. Understanding these defense mechanisms and pathways is critical to developing innovative approaches to protecting crops from disease. Plant stress can be reduced by applying salicylic acid, which is involved in plant signaling. Salicylic acid induces pathogenetic gene expression and the synthesis of protective compounds involved in local and systemic acquired resistance. For this reason, salicylic acid can be used against pathogens, heavy metal stress, and salt stress. The applied salicylic acid enhances photosynthesis, growth, and various morphological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms in stressed plants. In this article, we look at the use of exogenous salicylic acid for the relief of bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases.","PeriodicalId":248021,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128835110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of an invasive species of the blood-sucking mosquito Aedes koreicus (Diptera: Culicidae) Kazakhstan","authors":"A. K. Sibataev, S. Alekseeva, Y. Andreeva, I. Wasserlauf","doi":"10.32523/2616-7034-2022-139-2-123-131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2022-139-2-123-131","url":null,"abstract":"The authors carried out a morphological and karyotypic analysis of an invasive species of Aedes koreicus mosquito from the Republic of Kazakhstan. It is shown that the larvae of Ae. koreicus from the Republic of Kazakhstan have a morphology typical for this species. The authors studied the Metaphase chromosomes of this species obtained from imaginal disks of larvae of the 4th age. The authors carried out Lactoacetoorsein staining of chromosomes and calculated values of relative lengths, and centromeric index of Ae. koreicus chromosomes. It is shown that all three pairs of Ae chromosomes koreicus are metacentric, chromosome 1 is significantly shorter than chromosomes 2 and 3, and is homomorphic, as in other species of the genus Aedes.","PeriodicalId":248021,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117178124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of factors affecting the adaptation and growth of plants in the soil of the rare Malus niedzwetzkyana","authors":"A. Nurtaza, A. Yessimseitova, V. Karimova, G. Magzumova, B. Baktybay, Saltanat Kabieva, A. Kakimzhanova","doi":"10.32523/2616-7034-2022-139-2-70-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2022-139-2-70-85","url":null,"abstract":"Planting of a decorative and rare species of wild apple Malus niedzwetzkyana is provided for landscaping of cities. To obtain high-quality planting material, there is wide use of the method of micropropagation. In this study, there were optimized the conditions of adaptation and active growth of micro shoots of Malus niedzwetzkyana in the growth room and greenhouse were obtained by micropropagation. For adaptation, rooted micro shoots were planted in soil with different pH. The results showed that neutralized peat with perlite is the optimal condition for the adaptation of micro-shoots, and KNO3 is the optimal solution for irrigation, where the survival rate was 95%. For further growth in greenhouse conditions, 3 types of fertilizers for irrigation were studied such as carbamide (nitrogen), superphosphate (phosphorus), potassium sulfate (potassium). High survival rate and the greatest increase in all parameters in Malus niedzwetzkyana were obtained by watering with fertilizer with phosphorus. Also, an analysis of the genetic identity between the mother tree and the clones was carried out. SSR analysis using markers Hi04a08, CN444542, Aj000761 showed complete identity between the original tree and the resulting clones. This confirms that micropropagation of Malus niedzwetzkyana is an effective method for obtaining genetically stable, healthy planting material for landscaping.","PeriodicalId":248021,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series","volume":"2021 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122456924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies of physical and chemical and food safety indicators of melon varieties «Kolkhoznitsa» and «Mirzachulskaya»","authors":"M.E. Kizatova, A. Baikenov, K. Baigenzhinov, Zh.A. Esimova","doi":"10.32523/2616-7034-2021-137-4-64-74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2021-137-4-64-74","url":null,"abstract":"The article determines physical and chemical parameters, vitamin composition, mineral elements, organic acids, and fatty acid composition of the \"Kolkhoznitsa\" and \"Mirzachulskaya\" melon varieties. The results of the studies did not reveal the excess of the permissible concentrations of such toxic elements like arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, the presence of toxic pesticides hexachlorocyclohexane (HCG) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), mold, the amount of the number of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms (NMAFAM) and yeast is within the permissible limits. In view of the rich chemical composition of the melon varieties \"Kolkhoznitsa\" and \"Mirzachulskaya\", it is advisable to use them for processing and production of long-term storage products, high nutritional and biological value in order to expand the range of products from non-traditional types of food raw materials with a high content of biologically active substances.","PeriodicalId":248021,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126791657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionizing radiation-induced epigenetic modifications and transgenerational effects","authors":"B.E. Kassymova, O. Bulgakova, R. I. Bersimbaev","doi":"10.32523/2616-7034-2022-140-3-97-103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2022-140-3-97-103","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays a number of nations are exploring differences in gene expression resulting from changes in DNA methylation and modification of chromatin structure in response to external stimuli, such as radiation. It has been also well known that Ionizing radiation affects variety processes in exposed cells, in particular, cause changes in gene expression, mitochondria metabolic activity, chromosomal instability, apoptotic cell death and other changes at the molecular level. The point of view of the transgenerational nature of genomic instability suggests the possible involvement of epigenetic mechanisms. Kazakhstan has the potential to be exposed to a variety of hazardous materials, including radon, a radioactive gas that naturally occurs as a result of the indirect decay of uranium. It is also important to indicate that the Republic of Kazakhstan is considered the leader in terms of large reserves of uranium ores. Radioactive contamination is considered to be an important point that affects both the surrounding environment and human health. According to the World Health Organization, chronic exposure to radon and its decay products is the number one cause of lung cancer in non-smokers. All of the above facts prove the long-term pollution of the atmosphere by radiation has consequences for the health of the nation. Taking into account the importance of radon as a risk factor for lung cancer, this review focuses on discussion of possible radiation-induced alterations.","PeriodicalId":248021,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127482902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of oxidative stress on antioxidant response protection of plants","authors":"A. Bekturova, U. Amanbayeva, A. Kurmanbayeva, K. Zhanassova, Roza Yermukhambetova, Zhanerke Tleukulova, B.Zh. Gadilgereeva, R. Omarov, Z. Masalimov","doi":"10.32523/2616-7034-2022-140-3-25-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2022-140-3-25-38","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of long-term combined exposure to temperature stress and viral infection on the antioxidant defense system of Nicotiana benthamiana plants was studied in this work. It was shown that oxidative stress caused by the combined action of biotic and abiotic factors has an ambiguous effect on the development of the pathogen in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana plants. The article shows the heterogeneity of the impact of heat and cold stress and viral infection on the content of reactive oxygen species in the leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana plants. Thus, it was shown that low-temperature stress led to an increase in the level of accumulation of superoxide radical in plant leaves, while the effect of combined stress did not lead to a greater increase in the accumulation of superoxide radical. The combined effect of cold stress and viral infection led to an increase in the content of hydrogen peroxide, while there was reduced catalase activity. At the same time, a sharp increase in aldehyde oxidase activity was observed under temperature stress. The highest activity of the enzyme was observed under the combined effect of low temperature and viral infection. Thus, it can be assumed that oxidative stress in plant tissues leads to an increase in the level of accumulation of reactive oxygen species while affecting the enzymes responsible for the balance of accumulation of reactive oxygen species in plant tissue in response to a pathogen attack.","PeriodicalId":248021,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130992957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of microwave processing of leguminous crops on the properties of gluten-free flour","authors":"A. Omaralieva, Zhanar Botbaeva, M. Agedilova, M. Abilova, A. Zhanaidarova","doi":"10.32523/2616-7034-2021-137-4-75-83","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2021-137-4-75-83","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, flour from leguminous crops is offered as gluten-free flour for dietary nutrition of patients with celiac disease. For the nutrition of this category of people, it is necessary to use those crops and products from them that do not contain gluten. There is proposed a leguminous chickpea crop of the MIRAS 07 variety of domestic selection as an object of the study. The article presents microstructural data of microwave processed chickpeas of the Miras 07 variety. Studies were conducted on microwave processing of chickpeas of the MIRAS 07 variety for 3-5 minutes in comparison with a control untreated chickpea sample. Various flour samples were obtained from processed chickpea grain samples in order to prepare gluten-free products. Studies have been carried out to study the morphological structure and granulometric composition of the mercury film on a scanning electron microscope Quanta 200i 3D. The obtained microstructure sections indicate that in the chickpea flour of the MIRAS 07 variety, starch grains are mainly based on amylopectin, and in small amounts amylose, which confirms their high nutritional value. Starch particles of chickpea flour begin to break down with increasing temperature, which is very important in the process of dough production for flour confectionery products. The use of microwave processed chickpea flour in flour and confectionery production is preferable to unprocessed. Heat treatment of grain crops using a microwave can affect the basic biochemical parameters, especially carbohydrates, transforming them into easily digestible forms of starch.","PeriodicalId":248021,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114937198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of mitochondria in the molecular and cellular effects of radon","authors":"O. Bulgakova, G.A. Toksabayeva, A. Aripova, A. Kausbekova, A. A. Kusainova, R. I. Bersimbaev","doi":"10.32523/2616-7034-2021-135-2-71-85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32523/2616-7034-2021-135-2-71-85","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondria are unique cell organoids that have their own mitochondrial DNA. They are involved in the regulation of many processes, such as cell survival, apoptosis, and cellular metabolism. It has long been known that mitochondria play a leading role in the mechanism of malignant transformation in the development of many neoplasms. Radon is a radioactive inert gas, is recognized as a carcinogen and, according to the World Health Organization, it is the second cause of lung cancer after smoking. Radon is found in soil, water and air in various concentrations. Radon migrates from the soil and rocks into the surrounding air, as a result of which it accumulates in poorly ventilated or closed rooms. Such areas represent the primary environment in which people are exposed to radioactive radon radiation. Radon penetrates through cracks in the Earth's crust and accumulates in the lower layers of the atmosphere. An increase in the concentration of radon in the air is observed in regions rich in uranium deposits, as well as near uranium mines. However, at the moment, the mechanisms of malignant transformation induced by radon are still not completely clear. In this review, we consider for the first time the most modern understanding of the role of mitochondria in the molecular and cellular effects of ionizing radiation, including radon. This kind of knowledge can be of great importance for improving the antitumor effectiveness of radiation therapy, as well as for reducing damage to healthy cells exposed to ionizing radiation and protecting the population living in an area potentially dangerous for radon manifestations.","PeriodicalId":248021,"journal":{"name":"BULLETIN of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. BIOSCIENCE Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124310699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}