{"title":"Battery energy storage system for peak shaving and voltage unbalance mitigation","authors":"K. Chua, Y. Lim, S. Morris","doi":"10.12720/SGCE.2.3.357-363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/SGCE.2.3.357-363","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, the battery energy storage system (BESS) has become one of the important components in smart grid for enhancing power system performance and reliability. This paper presents a strategy to shave the peak demand and mitigate the voltage unbalance of the electrical networks using a BESS. The BESS is developed to reduce the peak demand and consequently the electricity bill of customers. With the foreseeable large use of BESS, the stress of utility companies can be reduced during high peak power demands. BESS is also equipped with the ability to mitigate voltage unbalance of the network. This indirectly improves the efficiency which in turn, prolongs the life span of three phase machines. The proposed strategy to control BESS has been developed by using the LabVIEW TM graphical programming software. An experimental test bed has been setup at the Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) campus to evaluate the performance of the system. The experimental results show that the BESS can effectively restrict the power demand from exceeding the pre-determined value and suppress the voltage unbalance factor within the recommended value.","PeriodicalId":247617,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123751446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A specter of logical challenges haunts smart grid","authors":"N. Khan, S. Rauf, N. Abas, A. Kalaira","doi":"10.12720/SGCE.2.3.383-397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/SGCE.2.3.383-397","url":null,"abstract":"Smart and super grid visions have attracted electrical engineers worldwide. Smart grid offers innumerable advantages over conservative electric grid due to widespread integration of information and communication technologies (ICT). Information technology (IT) stimulates conscious in dumb electric grid hardware to think at its own how to operate economically in varying load conditions conducting real-time state estimation. Smart grid promises to offer bidirectional power flow capability and self-healing ability against faults. Advance metering infrastructures (AMI) help utilities track down power thefts supplying consumer home automation facilities. Smart grid helps stiff utilities to reduce operational losses and generation deficient utilities to implement live load shedding instead of revolving blackouts to help customers keeping their lights on during virtual load shedding. Smart grid promises package is subject to its complete implementation by the end of long road ahead. Communication capacity and speed limitations, cyber security risks, faults and traffic congestions have to be considered prior to rollout. This paper describes a live load shedding scheme for existing electric grids on 11kV feeders using smart grid option and evaluates technical, economic, societal and bio-effects challenges that smart grid vision might face ahead.","PeriodicalId":247617,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy","volume":"151 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125400513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Memaya, C. Moorthy, Sahitya Tahiliani, S. Sreeni
{"title":"Machine learning based maximum power point tracking in solar energy conversion systems","authors":"M. Memaya, C. Moorthy, Sahitya Tahiliani, S. Sreeni","doi":"10.12720/sgce.8.6.662-669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/sgce.8.6.662-669","url":null,"abstract":"Extraction of solar energy from photovoltaic cells has different efficiencies corresponding to different algorithms. In the paper, a power efficient algorithm is suggested for tracking of maximum power point (MPP) in solar energy conversion systems by implementing machine learning (ML) in the pre-existing perturb and observe (P&O) methodology. P&O works on the principle of varying duty cycles step by step in the direction of the MPP and is the most feasible and accurate algorithm. However, the speed of convergence to the MPP is usually less in this method and it varies in different climatic conditions. This paper describes the application of ML in decreasing the perturbation time significantly leading to the significant increase in the efficiency to predict the MPP. The suggested algorithm predicts an MPP based on instantaneous values of solar irradiation, solar cell temperature and humidity as input features to the localized multivariate regression ML model and is used to fetch maximum available power (MAP). It is a self-learning algorithm and as the time progresses, the estimation becomes much closer to the theoretically available power. The simulation was done in python and yielded an average efficiency of 99.8% in estimating the MPP after 83 hours of training.","PeriodicalId":247617,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy","volume":"2007 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125567692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forthcoming smart DC nano-grid for green buildings—A reflective vision","authors":"M. Shwehdi, Mohammed A. AlAqil","doi":"10.12720/SGCE.4.1.52-58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/SGCE.4.1.52-58","url":null,"abstract":"Many small scale renewable generators generate low voltage DC power. AC main networks are supplied from costly and inefficient power convertors. Ultimately, energy produced from renewable resources is delivered to a DC load. The proposed solution in this paper concentrates on omitting the usage of costly and inefficient power converters in feeding DC networks, links, and devices from DC power supplies. The smart home consists of a home area network with a smart meter and intelligent devices. However, Wireless nodes are used to control and manage smart homes through intelligent and efficient algorithms. Such algorithm will be developed to control loads during peak hours, to interconnect smart meters and intelligent devices and power flow of loads. The total load of the building will be categorized and managed. Intelligent devices are connected to each load, monitoring and controlling the power flow individually. These intelligent devices can communicate with the smart meter, so that the load is controlled during peak hours based on the decision made by the algorithms.","PeriodicalId":247617,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy","volume":"16 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115577076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Risk Assessment of Wind Generation Dispatch Using Monte Carlo Simulation","authors":"M. Shaaban, M. Usman","doi":"10.12720/SGCE.2.2.258-263","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/SGCE.2.2.258-263","url":null,"abstract":"The risk associated with introducing wind turbines into the generation fleet is investigated in this paper. The loss of load probability (LOLP) and statistical expected demand not supplied (EDNS) are adopted as the risk indices. A case study is reported to evaluate the risk posed by displacing conventional generation with wind turbines. Results on the test system show that multiples of wind turbine capacities are needed to displace conventional generation capacity to preserve the system reliability level. On the other hand, noticeable reduction is CO2 emission is achieved when wind turbines are present in the generation mix.","PeriodicalId":247617,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy","volume":"12 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114036482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal operation of integrated electrical, district heating and natural gas system in wind dominated power system","authors":"Ana Turk, Q. Zeng, Qiuwei Wu, A. Nielsen","doi":"10.12720/SGCE.9.2.237-246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/SGCE.9.2.237-246","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, installed capacity of renewable energy sources is increasing at a high rate and even higher increase is expected in the future. In order to accommodate renewable energy sources, integration of gas, electricity and district heating network is a promising solution. This paper provides a coordinated operation and analysis of electricity, district heating and natural gas system with integrated wind farm. The interactions among different energy sectors will provide more flexibility required by the future renewable energy system. A nonlinear optimization problem is presented with focus on decreasing the operational cost and improving efficiency of integrated system, as well as meeting the demands. Optimal operation is performed for a test case system including constraints of individual systems and linkages between each of the systems. The test system includes electrical, district heating and natural gas subsystem with thermal and gas storages, combined heat and power and power to gas units and wind turbine. Simulation results show that integration of electricity, heating and natural gas system decreases the operational cost and provides higher flexibility to the system. Moreover, wind curtailment is reduced with integration of P2G.","PeriodicalId":247617,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116621528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Energy-Saving technology of axial flow fan used in air-conditioning system","authors":"C. Lee, Hyo Sang Kim, Hwan Geol Yeo","doi":"10.12720/SGCE.6.2.114-118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/SGCE.6.2.114-118","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":247617,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy","volume":"78 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129959878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coordinated frequency regulation by offshore wind farms and VSC-HVDC transmission","authors":"Hongzhi Liu, Zhe Chen","doi":"10.12720/SGCE.3.1.1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/SGCE.3.1.1-7","url":null,"abstract":"With the increasing wind penetration, large-scale offshore wind farms exert significant impact on power system security and operation, and thus are required to contribute to system frequency regulation. This paper develops a coordinated control strategy for offshore wind farms with voltage source converter-based HVDC (VSC-HVDC) transmission system to participate in power system frequency regulation. The strategy explores the frequency support capability of offshore wind farms and VSC-HVDC. By implementing the proposed coordinated control, the VSCHVDC link is able to provide quick virtual inertial response to onshore grid frequency drops. Shortly afterwards, the offshore wind farm detects the frequency changes and start to participate in inertial response and primary frequency control. The offshore wind farms, in this study, consist of full-converter wind turbines (FCWTs). Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the frequency regulation capability of VSC-HVDC and validate the effectiveness of the proposed coordinated control strategy.","PeriodicalId":247617,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128806296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Size of a distributed electrical storage for a rural area with a wind farm","authors":"J. Üpping, F. Bollhöfer, K. Forche","doi":"10.12720/sgce.9.1.1-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/sgce.9.1.1-7","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the share of renewable energies in Germany is one of the current social challenges in the context of the energy transition. However, due to the volatility of renewable energy sources also storage systems are needed to avoid grid overload and ensure a stable power supply. In this article the influence of the integration of a wind farm on the optimal storage capacity of a decentralized electrical storage system for a rural area in Germany is determined. For this purpose, different simulations of the municipality’s power flows, with and without the wind farm, are carried out and a method is introduced to calculate the optimal storage capacity based on an objective function. It is also described how the operational properties of the storage change depending on the integration of wind energy systems. The simulations show that the determined optimal storage size for the municipality with and without the integration of the wind farm are almost equal. Even in combination with a further expansion of wind power units the optimal storage capacity only increases slightly while the utilization is maximized.","PeriodicalId":247617,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128705216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Chang, K. Kang, Gyu-Sub Lee, Jin-Oh Lee, S. Moon
{"title":"Loss and load reduction by coordinated control of community energy storage and OLTC","authors":"J. Chang, K. Kang, Gyu-Sub Lee, Jin-Oh Lee, S. Moon","doi":"10.12720/SGCE.5.2.86-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12720/SGCE.5.2.86-93","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy sources are usually integrated with a distribution system through a small-size-generator with low voltage level. As a consequence, distributed energy storage systems have been connected to a distribution system to help with renewable energy resources integration. Community Energy Storage (CES) is a small distributed energy storage connected to the secondary part of a transformer and is an advanced energy storage system close to the customer. CES provides many benefits such as peak shaving, load shifting and voltage control. Meanwhile, distribution system operators conduct Conservation Voltage Reduction (CVR) to reduce power consumption in the system. To implement CVR on the system, flat voltage profile is required. CES is distributed in the distribution system and is capable of controlling system voltage. In this paper, a control method of CES is proposed in order to implement CVR. Based on day-ahead load forecasting, power consumption including load demand and active power loss is reduced by the optimal schedule of CES output power and On-Load Tap-Changer (OLTC) operation. With a case study using Matpower, this paper validates the effect of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":247617,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Smart Grid and Clean Energy","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129055819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}