Applied Clay Science最新文献

{"title":"Stabilization of chemically flexible indigo dye against photodegradation under solvent condition through intercalation into layered double hydroxide","authors":"Tetsuo Yamaguchi ,&nbsp;Seung-Min Paek ,&nbsp;Sae Youn Lee ,&nbsp;Jae-Min Oh","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107827","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107827","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An indigo derivative with a flexible structure and water solubility was synthesized and further stabilized in a layered double hydroxide. Although the synthesized indigo derivative takes advantage of high water-solubility thanks to hydrophilic carboxymethyl groups, its stability in water was significantly low showing 91 % decomposition even in a dark environment. Under light irradiation, the indigo derivative became more fragile, being subjected to both photoisomerization and photodecomposition simultaneously. In order for stabilization under water conditions, the indigo derivative was hybridized with a layered double hydroxide by intercalation. The hybrid exhibited significant stability in a water suspension for more than 2 days under darkness and for 5 h even with 660 nm light irradiation. The stability was thought to be due to the isolation of the indigo derivative from the solvents and suppression of its <em>trans</em>-<em>cis</em> isomerization by the confinement effect in the interlayer space of the layered double hydroxide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 107827"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143850272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth mechanism of long-period biotite polytypes in the Long Valley magmatic system: A non-equilibrium crystallization model","authors":"Jiaxin Xi ,&nbsp;Yiping Yang ,&nbsp;Huifang Xu ,&nbsp;Aiqing Chen ,&nbsp;Yuhuan Yuan ,&nbsp;Wei Tan ,&nbsp;Jianxi Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongping He","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107825","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107825","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polytypism in minerals, particularly in phyllosilicates, holds significant interest as it reflects geochemical conditions. Short-period, such as 1 <em>M</em>, 2 <em>M</em>₁ and 3 <em>T</em> polytypes are commonly found in micas across sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. In contrast, long-period/complex polytypes predominantly occur in extrusive systems, these correlations remain subject to ongoing debate. Various mica polytypes, particularly biotite polytypes, have been frequently proposed as potential indicators of magmatic or hydrothermal crystallization environments, though this interpretation remains inconclusive. This study provides in-situ micro-nanoscale evidence to elucidate the genesis and crystallographic growth mechanisms of long-period/complex polytypes in biotite using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Numerous biotite phenocrysts from rhyolites of the Long Valley caldera (California, USA) were examined, identifying abundant polytypes, including common (i.e., 1 <em>M</em>, 2 <em>M</em>₁ and 3 <em>T</em>), long-period (4, 5, 6, and 15- layers repetition) and complex polytypes. The biotite phenocrysts display a core-rim zonation, with the core tends to develop ordered short-period polytypes, while the rim giving rise to long-period and complex polytypes. Our high-resolution TEM results suggest that long-period and complex polytypes might be fundamentally composed by more than two common polytype units, presenting a dense dislocation network along the (001) plane of biotite. In the context of equilibrium crystallization producing short-period ordered micas and non-equilibrium crystallization enabling oriented attachment (OA), a crystallization model for the formation of long-period/complex polytype biotite under non-equilibrium conditions was proposed. In this model, the crystallization of long-period/complex polytypes occurs in steps: (1) multi-ion complexes forming different nanoparticles (polytypes) who nucleate simultaneously due to a chemically and structurally fluctuation in the non-equilibrium crystallization environments; and (2) long-period polytypes are formed through the assembly between these different nano-crystals via OA and subsequent spiral growth along screw dislocation generated between the neighboring nanao-crystals. Our findings elucidate the potential origin and growth mechanism of long-period/complex biotite polytypes under non-equilibrium crystallization conditions such as magmatic systems. The proposed model offers a framework for non-equilibrium crystallization environments and insights into complex polytypes and interlayered clay minerals in diverse phyllosilicates and corresponding geological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 107825"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143835302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The discovery of pozzolanic properties of calcined clays in the late 1700s in France and the technologies associated with its activation","authors":"Vincent Thiéry","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107817","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107817","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The current trend towards the use of calcined clays as supplementary cementitious materials might lead to the feeling that this technology is a recent development. However, the description of their pozzolanic properties, along with the ways to burn them correctly, dates back from the first half of the nineteenth century, within the industrial revolution– the preliminary idea was even published in 1787. In France, the famous chemist Louis Vicat made seminal descriptions of the type of clays involved and understood the chemistry behind the phenomenon. It gave rise to the use of the term “artificial pozzolan”.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 107817"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissolution kinetics for the Fe(II)-Fe(III) layered double hydroxide, green rust","authors":"Melanie Vital ,&nbsp;Theis van Beek Pedersen ,&nbsp;Jakob Molander ,&nbsp;Rasmus Jakobsen ,&nbsp;Dominique J. Tobler ,&nbsp;Knud Dideriksen","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green rust is a Fe(II)-Fe(III) layered double hydroxide. It occurs in nature and as a corrosion product and can participate in a range of environmental redox reactions, making it an attractive agent for remediation. However, green rust is highly sensitive to the presence of O₂, thus it is challenging to observe in the field. This means that prediction of its behaviour is important. Here, the dissolution rate of green rust at circumneutral pH and about 27 °C was determined from flow-through batch experiments and interpretation of earlier reported dissolution experiments. The results yielded a surface area normalised, far-from-equilibrium dissolution rate, R (logarithmic, mol m⁻² s⁻¹): <!--> <!-->log R = log k_GR - n pH = −6.64 (± 1.30) - 0.23 (± 0.15) pH, based on a measured surface area of 13 m² g⁻¹. Here, k_GR represents the rate constant at about 27 °C and n, a factor describing pH dependence. This expression provides slightly slower dissolution rates than observed for brucite and despite uncertainties it allows reasonable simulation of the dissolution behaviour reported for the layered double hydroxides hydrotalcite and pyroaurite. In addition, the determined dissolution rates can be used by experimentalists to evaluate if redox reactions in the presence of green rust might be preceded by its dissolution or not.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 107814"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143814850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halloysite nanotubes potentiate protein assembly for facile fabrication of nanocomposite thin film and its application in wound dressing","authors":"Jiaxin Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhen Huang ,&nbsp;Minghui Yang ,&nbsp;Shide Dong ,&nbsp;Feng Zhou ,&nbsp;Chunjie Yan ,&nbsp;Yue Hu ,&nbsp;Huaming Yang ,&nbsp;Yuting Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein films offer a promising alternative to traditional synthetic polymer materials because of their nontoxicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability, particularly in the biomedical field. However, their practical use has remained a challenge due to their low mechanical strength, poor aqueous stability and high production costs. In this work, we prepared an organic-inorganic protein-based composite film by incorporating vancomycin-loaded halloysite nanotubes (Hal) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with a facile and biocompatible method. In the composite film, the abundant α-helix structure in BSA was reduced and transformed into a β-sheet-rich phase-transition BSA (PTB), which then interacted with vancomycin-loaded Hal (VHal) through hydrogen bonding to form a cross-linked network structure. Hal can not only reinforce the protein self-assembly via noncovalent interactions to improve the mechanical strength and stability of the protein film, but also act as carriers of antibacterial agents for a sustained drug release system. As a result, the resultant VHal/PTB composite film could completely eliminate <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> within 30 min and demonstrated excellent biocompatibility. In vivo studies further showed that the composite film could effectively inhibit bacterial infections and accelerate the healing of infected skin wounds in mouse skin, with near-complete wound closure achieved within 12 days. The design strategy of this robust, breathable and biocompatible nanocomposite protein film with antibacterial properties sheds new light on the development of multifunctional wound dressings for infected wound tissue.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"272 ","pages":"Article 107816"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of rehydration in smectite and its application to water resorption in bentonites","authors":"Karolina Rybka ,&nbsp;Artur Kuligiewicz ,&nbsp;Stephan Kaufhold ,&nbsp;Reiner Dohrmann ,&nbsp;Arkadiusz Derkowski","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the rehydration kinetics of homoionic model smectites and various bentonites following dehydration, addressing gaps in the understanding of how both dehydration and rehydration temperature and the type of interlayer cation affect this process, critical in basic studies involving swelling clays and in their industrial applications. The results showed that higher dehydration temperatures reduced the extent of rehydration and were correlated with a decrease in layer charge, particularly in smectites exchanged with divalent cations. This was linked to the fixation of small interlayer cations, resulting in the collapse of high-charge layers and, therefore, slower reaction progress. Smectites exhibited fast initial rehydration followed by slow equilibration stage. Under typical laboratory conditions (20 °C, RH = 30 %), 25 % of water was readsorbed within several minutes whereas 90 % - within four hours, emphasizing the necessity to prevent rehydration during experiments to ensure accuracy of various measurements. Regardless of the experimental conditions, reaction profiles were fitted to contraction and 2D/3D diffusion kinetic models. The activation energy for rehydration (∼50–70 kJ/mol) was comparable to that of dehydration, reflecting similar energy barriers in overcoming adsorption/desorption of tightly bound water. Notably, bentonites exhibited rehydration behaviour similar to that of smectites, with the kinetics also influenced by the layer charge of the smectites. Similarities in behaviour of model smectites and bentonites will aid in predicting the long-term rehydration behaviour of bentonite barriers in high-level radioactive waste underground repositories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 107813"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143791365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bimetallic organic framework-derived nanocages loaded with phosphorus-containing compound for flame-retardant epoxy composites","authors":"Liang Yue,&nbsp;Shuxian Zheng,&nbsp;Shuyang Shi,&nbsp;Wenhui Rao,&nbsp;Chuanbai Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Small-molecule phosphorus-containing flame retardants typically exhibit low thermal stability and are prone to precipitate in polymers. In this study, cobalt‑nickel layered double hydroxide (CoNi-LDH) with a hollow mesoporous structure was synthesized using ZIF-67 (zeolitic imidazolate framework) as a self-template. Subsequently, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP)-loaded CoNi-LDH (P@CoNi-LDH) was prepared, utilizing DMMP (as a small molecule of phosphorus-containing flame retardant) as a guest component and immobilizing DMMP in its channels and cavities. This innovative loading structure addresses the limitations of small molecule flame retardants, and the synergistic use of two different types of flame retardants achieves satisfactory flame retardancy. The conclusions indicated that the epoxy (EP) composites blended with 5 wt% P@CoNi-LDH (sample EP-5 %P@CoNi-LDH) received a vertical burning V-1 rating and a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31.2 %. The peak heat release rate, peak smoke production rate, and peak production rate of toxic gas carbon monoxide in EP-5 %P@CoNi-LDH were reduced by 43.9 %, 31.1 %, and 46.5 %, respectively, compared to pure EP. Moreover, the hollow mesoporous structure of CoNi-LDH enhanced the interfacial interaction with EP, positively influencing various mechanical properties and thermal stability. Specifically, the impact strength and flexural strength of EP-1 %P@CoNi-LDH increased by 54.8 % and 21.4 %, respectively. This work presents a feasible method for the synthesis of flame retardant carriers with hollow mesoporous structures generated from bimetallic-organic frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 107810"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143783441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, characterization and antibacterial activities of bio-based schiff base Copper Complex intercalated montmorillonite","authors":"Xianchang Liang ,&nbsp;Wenjing Wang ,&nbsp;Mingyuan Tang ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Kang ,&nbsp;Mingjun Cui ,&nbsp;Haichao Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The direct use of antimicrobial agents has problems such as high effective dose and short antimicrobial duration. Therefore, encapsulation of antimicrobial agents in nanocontainers can improve stability and antimicrobial efficiency, reduce the risk of drug resistance, and lower the environmental impact. In this study, biomass-based Schiff base ligand (LAE-oVan) was synthesized by condensation of ethyl lauroyl arginate HCl and ortho-vanillin. Bio-based Schiff base copper complex intercalated montmorillonite was then prepared by pretreated montmorillonite (MMT) with Cu²⁺ exchange, followed by chelation with LAE-oVan to form antimicrobial nanocomposites (LAE-oVan-Cu@MMT). Release behavior studies have shown that LAE-oVan-Cu@MMT has a release time of up to 2250 min, and the releasable amount of Cu²⁺ and LAE-oVan was calculated to be about 35 %. Antibacterial activity was studied by zone of inhibition method, minimum inhibitory concentration method, plate colony counting method and biofilm method. The results showed that LAE-oVan-Cu@MMT achieved 99.99 % antibacterial ratio against <em>Escherichia coli (E. coli)</em> at 25 μg/mL within 1.5 h and <em>Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus)</em> at 25 μg/mL within 3 h. Biofilms gradually decreased with increasing concentrations of LAE-oVan-Cu@MMT. Moreover, cytotoxicity studies showed that LAE-oVan-Cu@MMT had a low toxicity to L929 cells. This study provides a strategy for the development of novel antimicrobial with low toxic, eco-friendly and long term release efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 107809"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143768973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of anion species in the interlayer of layered double hydroxides on the flame retardancy of composites","authors":"Yuze Zhang ,&nbsp;Lijuan Li ,&nbsp;Nan Chen ,&nbsp;Dong Shi ,&nbsp;Xuexue Song ,&nbsp;Lianmin Ji ,&nbsp;Fugen Song","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are increasingly being used in polymer flame retardancy, but current developments often overlook the effects of various structural factors on flame suppression effectiveness. These factors are crucial for the design of high-performance flame retardants. To investigate the structure–function relationship between anion species and polymer flame retardancy, Mg<img>Al LDHs of BAL, BPL and BSL, intercalated with anions of benzoic acid (BA), benzene hypophosphorous acid (BP) and benzene sulfinic acid (BS), respectively, were synthesised via co-precipitation. Their properties, including flame retardancy, were systemically investigated in this study. Despite their similar structures, with only differing acid species, BAL, BPL and BSL exhibited similar interlayer distances but varied in their intercalation capability, crystallisation, thermal decomposition and surface hydrophobicity. Compared to pure EP, the composites containing LDHs, particularly BSL, performed significantly better in limiting oxygen index, vertical burning and cone calorimeter tests. The improvement can be attributed to the carbonisation and altered decomposition pathways of the composites. All three LDHs seemed to have little impact on the tensile strength and dielectric properties of the composites. The results of this investigation indicate that the acid species can significantly affect both the properties of the LDHs and the composites. Furthermore, sulfinic acid, or the sulfur element in LDHs, may exhibit superior performance in polymer flame retardancy. This provides valuable insight into the structure–function relationship study of LDH-based flame retardants and lays a solid foundation for the design of novel, high-efficiency LDH flame retardants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 107812"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143759639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic effect of high-energy milling and organic intercalation on the kaolin properties and structural evolution","authors":"Alexandre Zaccaron ,&nbsp;Fabiano Raupp-Pereira ,&nbsp;Vitor de Souza Nandi ,&nbsp;João C.C. Abrantes ,&nbsp;Manuel J. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Adriano Michael Bernardin","doi":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clay.2025.107811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clays are raw materials with a wide range of applications in modern times. They can be used in various industrial applications, from the simplest to the most technological, such as in the ceramic industry to functionalizing components for the intercalation of organic molecules into polymeric matrices. Kaolinitic clays with a 1:1-layer structure is among the most abundant in the Earth's crust and are relatively easy to extract. Therefore, studies aimed at expanding the range of applications through the modification of the microstructure of these clay minerals have increasingly attracted scientific attention. The microstructural alteration of kaolinite through high-energy mechanical action can be an interesting method for mineral functionalization, as it leads to an increase in specific surface area and, consequently, the reactivity of the inorganic solid component. For this reason, this study investigated the effectiveness of the mechanical transformation process using high-purity kaolin, characterized before and after the high-energy milling process using XRF, XRD, DTA/TG, PSD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. The results showed that the milling process significantly altered the kaolinitic microstructure, demonstrating a reduction in particle size under the established experimental conditions, reaching D₉₀ ≤ 1 μm. By obtaining a reactive solid with a significantly increased specific surface area (18× increase through milling), a 2^k factorial experimental design was applied to study some variables of the intercalation process, such as the type of molecule (diaminomethanal - urea and dimethyl sulfoxide - DMSO), stirring time (from 12 to 24 h), and kaolinite mass (varying from 10 to 50 g) in a 100 mL solution. The microstructural characterization results via XRD revealed that the use of DMSO resulted in better efficacy in increasing basal spacing (from 7.2 Å to 11.3 Å with DMSO) and consequently in a possible application with functional groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":245,"journal":{"name":"Applied Clay Science","volume":"271 ","pages":"Article 107811"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143737745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}