1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility最新文献

{"title":"Application of a Rigorous Systems Engineering Process and Statistical Tools to the Definition and Solution of EMI Problems","authors":"W. Holmes","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568262","url":null,"abstract":"A rigorous systems engineering process (SEP) was applied to investigate, define, and solve a widespread EMI problem that existed in the U.S. Fleet. Extensive problem definition led to the identification and char­ acterization of two separate and distinct interference mechanisms, involving multiple couplinggpaths and per­ formance degradation effects. Following problem definition, eight solution approachesrwere identified and assessed, from which viable potential solution al­ ternatives were developed and tested, and evaluated for their effectiveness. In what is believed to be a novel application of statistical regression analysis tools to EMI, a model was formulated to examine the correlation between in­ terference parameters. Solution effectiveness test results confirmed the results of the analytical approach, and enabled validation of its use as a general method whereby multiple interference coupling paths and degradation effects may be characterized and isolated, and their effects quantitatively correlat­ ed. As a predictive tool, the method would be useful in assessing the prospective effectiveness of EMI solution approaches based on empirical data. Overall, the paper describes the structure, operation, and demonstrated effectiveness of a formal SEP having a degree of rigor not ordinarily associated with EMI 'fixes'.","PeriodicalId":244612,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122815433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radiation Model of Finite-Length Transmission Lines","authors":"Y. Kami, R. Sato","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568240","url":null,"abstract":"II. Experiment Radiation from transmission lines of finite length is developed using a circuit-concept. Estimation of radi­ ation power received in an antenna load is derived un­ der the hypothetical theorem of reciprocity between \" the coupling of external waves to transmission lines\" and \"the radiation from transmission lines”. The fit of experimental results to the estimation confirmes the reciprocity theorem, so that the prediction of radia­ tion field can be carried out. I. Introcuction Electromagnetic radiation from electric and electron­ ics instruments is one of the important topics in elec­ tromagnetic compatibility (EMC). As a most fundamental model, it is important to investigate theoretically the radiation from transmission lines. The principal propa­ gation mode in the transmission lines considered here is essentially TEM. Although, if there were a disconti­ nuity such as a bend at a point of the transmission lines, we have practically noticed that it causes the radiation fields. Discontinuities of transmission lines are often estimated as equivalent reactances at the point [1]. Since the radiation fields are very weak, it has been ignored in the past. However, it is now becom­ ing an important topic in fields of wiring, interfer­ ence in distributed-constant circuits, etc. Very few investigations on radiation from the line have been carried out [2]. In this paper we consider radiation fields from finite-length transmission lines by the use of a cir­ cuit analysis concept. The experimental results of ra­ diation power pattern form the lines suggest the recip­ rocal relation between the radiation from the line and the coupling of externally excited lines. Under the hy­ pothesis of the reciprocity theorem, the prediction of radiation power from the line model used here is deriv­ ed by the use of the equation for externally excited transmission lines. The fit of experimental results to the theoretical prediction confirms the reciprocity, so that the equation of radiation field from finite-length transmission lines is derived). We consider the radiation field from a transmission line consisting of a lossless wire of length 1 and di­ ameter d suspended at height h above a perfectly con­ ducting ground plane as shown in Fig. 1. As shown in the figure, there are transitions or vertical bends at the line terminals. One of the terminals is connected to a generator, of which output impedance 50-ohm, wave length A = 200 mm, and the other to a 50-ohm load. We measured the radiation power pattern by the use of a pyramidal horn at point P(r 3 m, 0 = 45°, <j>), which is connected to a spectrum analyzer of output imped­ ance 50-ohm. The conducting ground plane used here is made of aluminum of 2.8 m in diameter. The transmis­ sion line revolves together with the ground plane in a direction of <j>. For I = 200 mm, h = 3 mm, and d = 0.8 mm, the results of radiation power pattern are shown in Fig. 2: (a) for Eg and (b) for E^. Left-side scale denotes a ","PeriodicalId":244612,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128026004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction Factor for Relating Measurements Made in an Absorber Lined Chamber to Measurements Made at an Open Field Site.","authors":"S.A. Stone, S. Kashyap","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":244612,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129117201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of the Ladder Network for Transmission Line and Magnetic Shielding Problems","authors":"C. Wong","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568208","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":244612,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130561055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calculation and Reduction of Low-Frequency Magnetic Fields Caused by Power Supply Systems","authors":"M. Ehrich","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568243","url":null,"abstract":"The use of sensitive measuring devices in big buildings can be restricted by disturbing mag­ netic fields caused by components of the power supply system. To avoid such impairments it is advantageous to calculate the magnetic field distribution while the building is planned. The paper contains the derivation of simple far field models for bus bars, transformers, power cables and distributors. These models, numeri­ cal evaluated by a system of computer programs, were used to reorganize the power network of Germany's biggest hospital located in Aachen. The software enables the user to modify the components of the power system by simulation and thus to eliminate the magnetic disturbance in certain areas of the building. For this the distribution of magnetic induction for inter­ esting cross-sections of the building is dis­ played in form of maps, where the cross-sec­ tions are divided into grid squares which show the maximum of magnetic induction calculated for the center of each square. By application of this method disturbing magnetic fields in­ side specific rooms can be eliminated at low costs.","PeriodicalId":244612,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"55 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120853517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ground Testing of an Operational Fighter Aircraft for P-Static Discharge Effects","authors":"E. Joffe","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568257","url":null,"abstract":"Static electrification o f an aircraft in flight cau­ ses electrical discharge's from the aircraft structure. These discharges are typically accompanied by radio fre­ quency noise in the electromagnetic spectrum utilized by aircraft communication and radio navigation systems.Such interference frequently disrupts or totally disables co­ mmunications,and has been demonstrated to cause signifi­ cant navigation errors. It therefore becomes essential to isolate the sources of these electrical discharges and design appropriate fixes for these problems. In the paper,a case of p-static noise on an operatio-r nal RF-4C aircraft is discussed.A method for the isola­ tion of p-static noise sources is described,along with proposed solutions for the identified problems. INTRODUCTION ELECTROSTSTIC DISCHARGE MECHANISMS AND EFFECTS One of the most persistant problems in operation of airborne communications and radio navigation systems is precipitation static or p-static.A direct outcome of pstatic is the coupling of EMI into the on-board comm-nav systems in the HF and VHF bands.However,p-static interf­ erence frequently extends, into the UHFbands as well. There are three stages of the aircraft electrificati­ on process, namely-p-ststic charging of the aircraft or parts of it,charge distribution between sections of the structure,and discharge from the airframe. Most approaches for reduction of p-static interferen­ ce aim at the elimination of charge ditribution effects .focusing on control of discharges from the airframe^) essentially because it is these discharges that gener­ ate the harmful effects. The charging process increases the electrostatic pot­ ential of the aircraft in respect to the environment, until a breakdown phenomenon occurs causing discharges, which induce interference into avionic systems.These di­ scharges can include any or all of the three effects (Figure 1 ) : ^ Corona discharges .mainly at aircraft extremCH2294-7/86/000-0288 $01 .OC(C)l986 IEEE 288 eties,where potential gradients ate higher (Figure 2a). -Streamer discharges from dielectric surfaces (such as radomes , windshields) to surrounding metal frames (Figure 2b). -Sparks between inadvertantly unbonded metal sections in close proximity (figure 2c). METHODS FOR REDUCTION OF P-STATIC EFFECTS Simple methods exist for p-static control: -Sparks can be avoided by adequatly bonding and the maintaining of continous conductivity of the struc­ ture I M W O W fvuo ( M K o w w e tB STMAMtftS Ott PACT**/*/> *•** iMJVtArtMfr","PeriodicalId":244612,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129638190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Note on EMI Measurement at Open Field Test Site (2) - On the Shortened Dipole Antenna","authors":"S. Takeya, A. Maeda","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7567004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1985.7567004","url":null,"abstract":"A shortened dipole antenna is recommended for use as the reference antenna for EMI measurements of electronic equip­ ment in the frequency range below 80 MHz down to 30 MHz by CISPR Publication 16, Amendment 1. Antenna factors for shortened dipople antennas are given by nomographs in the technical requirements. Discrepancies between the technical requirements for shortened dipole antennas and nomographs, and suggested revisions for achieving compatibility are given below. ( EMI Measurement, Shortened Dipole Antenna ) (3) The polarization polarity ratio shall be more than 20 dB. (4) The calibration curves (antenna factors) shall be used to obtain the electrom agnetic field strength from measured value. (5) The internal niose level in receivers shall be below the signal by more than 10 dB, even when the induced voltage becomes low by shortening the antenna elem ent. The nomographs necessary for Item (4) above are given. Fig. 1 shows an example of these nomographs, to be used when the cable and receiver characteristic impedance are 50 Ohms. The CISPR Pub. 16, Amendment 1 also gives the nomographs of 60 and 75 Ohms applicable to the characteristic impedance. As a reference antenna to be used for EMI measurement from electronic equipment, a dipole antenna tuned to half wavelength is specified for the frequency range from 30 MHz to 1 GHz . The CISPR Publication 16, Amendment 1 (Oct. 1980) specifies the use of shortened dipole antenna with antenna elem ent of a length tuned to 80 MHz for measuring the frequency below 80 MHz. For the use of this shortened dipole antenna, it also gives some precautions and nomographs to obtain antenna factors. This report first points out the discrepancies between the precautions and the nomographs, then describes the proposed improvements. 1. Conditions on the shortened dipole The key points stipulated for shortened dipole in the CISPR Pub. 16, Amendment 1 are as follows. (1) The elem ent of a shortened dipole antenna shall be longer than one-tenth of the wavelength. (2) The cable connected to the antenna shall match the input impedance of the receiver, and the VSWR on the cable shall be no more than 2. 2. Use of a shortened dipole antenna The CISPR Pub. 16 specifies the type of shortened dipole antenna in paragraph 13. and the frequency range of 30 MHz to 300 MHz in 13.3 . From this, it is reasonable to understand that the shortened dipole antenna is to be used over a range from 30 MHz to 80 MHz. The 80 MHz wavelength is 3.75 m, and the length of antenna elem ents (X./4) is 0.94 m. This is a length that the lower end of the antenna elem ent does not hit the ground plane when the height of the antenna is varied between 1 meter and 4 meters for the vertically polarized wave measurement. In view of this, this length is reasonable. Also this length of the antenna (which is tw ice the length of the elem ent = 0.9375 x 2 = 1.875 m) well satisfies the requirement for more than 1/10 of the wavelength (10 meters) at the low est ","PeriodicalId":244612,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130723725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sequential Ranging Integration Times in the Presence of CW Interference in the Ranging Channel","authors":"A. Mathur, T. Nguyen","doi":"10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISEMC.1986.7568264","url":null,"abstract":"The Deep Space Network (DSN), managed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory for NASA, is used primarily for communication with interplanetary spacecraft. The high sensitivity required to achieve planetary communications makes the DSN very susceptible to radio-frequency interference (RFI). In this paper, an analytical model is presented of the performance degradation of the DSN sequential ranging subsystem in the presence of downlink CW interference in the ranging channel. A trade-off between the ranging component integration times and the ranging signal-to-noise ratio to achieve a desired level of range measurement accuracy and the probability of error in the code components is also presented. Numerical results presented illustrate the required trade-offs under various interference conditions.","PeriodicalId":244612,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126693959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Correction Factor for High-precision Open-site Attenuation Calculation (4)","authors":"A. Maeda, S. Takeya, Y. Kami","doi":"10.1109/isemc.1986.7568268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/isemc.1986.7568268","url":null,"abstract":"The papers that we have given so far for precise measure­ ments and theoretical analysis values of site attenuation for open sites have all been for horizontal polarization. Good agreement within about 1 dB has been obtained between actual measurements and calculated values. The individual terms influencing the attenuation were cumulatively added to the formula to account for all factors involved, and we think that we have achieved sufficient accuracy for practical purposes. This time we have extended the calculation to make it suitable for vertical polarization. The agreement of the measured and calculated height pattern of the attenuation value at the receiving point was studied in the same manner as for horizontal polarization and excellent agreement was obtained. Introduction A report has previously been made on the precise measure­ ments of site attenuation of horizontally polarized waves and on the theoretical analysis of the results. This time, analysis was made on the site attenuation of vertically polarized waves using the same analysis method. Good agreement was obtained between the calculated and actually measured values. Especially the height pattern of the attenuation value at the receiving point, on which we have concentrated for some time, showed good agreement between the calculated and measured values in the same manner as for the horizontally polarized waves. Our previous report took the frequency at which the retlection coefficient (T) of the antenna measured from the cable end becomes minimum as the resonant frequency of the tuned dipole antenna. However measurements of the site attenua­ tion at this freqiency showed us that this frequency is not appropriate for use as the tuned frequency. * I At present the resonant frequency of the antenna is found by a cut and try method. These measurements were conduct­ ed provisionally with a half wavelength dipole antenna, so there was no need to measure the resonant frequency. 1. Calculation Procedure Calculation was made on using terms for all e ffects between the transmitting and receiving antennas, as shown in Fig. 1. As shown in the Appendix, the current distribution of tuned dipole antenna was assumed to be a sinusoidal distribution.*2 1.1 Site attenuation of horizontally polarized waves The interrelations of antennas was considered as shown in Fig. 2. *1 : We had assumed that this method was not truly appro­ priate from the results of our calculations on antennas, but we dared to try to determine antenna resonance frequency using this method of measurement because no other appropriate method was found. We realized that this frequency is inappropriate, though, because of inconsistency between the measured and calculated values of height pattern. Our analysis of the tuned dipole antenna will be reported at another opportunity. CH2294-7/86/000-0354 $01 .0 0 (6 )l 986 IEEE 354 *2 : Further detailed analysis on antenna current distri­ bution. Mr. T. Kawana et al. reported 2) an analysi","PeriodicalId":244612,"journal":{"name":"1986 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127613638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}