2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference最新文献

{"title":"Research on test requirement modeling for software-intensive avionics and the tool implementation","authors":"Meng Gao, D. Zhong, Minyan Lu, Yongfeng Yin","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391962","url":null,"abstract":"System-testing is an effective way to improve the quality and reliability of avionic software. Using formalized languages to establish the requirement model is facilitated to increase the automatization degree of system-testing. The quality characteristics of software are demonstrated by system behaviors. UML state chart has formal features, and overcomes drawbacks of the traditional finite state machines, retains the advantages of the finite-state modeling, including the marking of nesting and subsequent states; therefore, state-chart is very suitable for detailed behaviors modeling of realtime software. In this paper, based on object-oriented thinking and using state-chart as the core technology, a modeling method is proposed that is suited to establish the requirement model for software-intensive avionics. The method makes abstraction for avionic system common characters, including data, receiving, sending, scenes, events, conditions and period. Using the requirement model generated from the method, and combining with a certain test case generation strategy, test cases and the surrounding environment simulation models of system under test (SUT) can be automatically generated. As an example, the model for the control function of a missile of an aircraft avionics is established by using the method and the model has succinct, intuitive and user-friendly features. And it is also able to support test data generation for different types of testing. Finally, a brief introduction for the implementation of the test requirement modeling (TRM) tool is made. Index Terms: system testing; avionics; dynamic behaviors; requirement modeling; state chart.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129150700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super density operations: identifying the operational limitations to overcome","authors":"E. Hahn, J. Kuchenbrod, J. Stilwell, W. Swedish","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391882","url":null,"abstract":"The Joint Planning and Development Office (JPDO) has responsibility for guiding development of the Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen), a multi-agency vision for aviation in the 2025 timeframe. Using 2004 as a baseline, the JPDO has projected a range of 1.4 to 3 times the number of flights as the potential aggregate demand for 2025, and in addition, projects that there will be a more diverse population of aircraft flying to a larger set of airports than current operations. As part of the vision for accommodating the increase in demand, NextGen describes at a high level the concept of \"Super Density\" operations, or operations that provide a higher level of throughput than can be accommodated using today's operating paradigms. While the JPDO refers to technology applications such as precise 4D trajectory \"tubes\" or Equivalent Visual Operations, a detailed concept of operations and specific set of research issues has not yet been articulated. The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD), as part of its Technology Research Program, has undertaken an effort to explore more fully the definition of Super Density operations. In order to ensure that the full scope of terminal operations was considered, the project was designed to identify the operational limitations of congested terminal airspace, rather than starting with a specific technology or procedure application. Knowing these operational limitations may help the JPDO and the larger research community better understand where research investment is needed, and what performance will be required from new procedures and technology.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129704592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of RNAV arrival operations with descend via clearances at phoenix airport","authors":"K. Sprong, R. Mayer","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391874","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391874","url":null,"abstract":"On 10 October 2006, two new area navigation (RNAV) arrival procedures for Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport (PHX) were published which provide vertical guidance in the terminal area. The procedures largely overlay corresponding conventional procedures and established navigation patterns used by air traffic control (ATC). However, the inclusion of vertical guidance and routine ATC issuance of descend via clearances to leverage this guidance was expected to result in more continuous aircraft arrival descents inside the terminal area. More continuous descents enable prolonged flight under reduced engine thrust and associated fuel burn and environmental benefits. The MITRE Corporation's Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) was tasked by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to assess operational changes associated with the implementation of the new RNAV arrival procedures at PHX and estimate the resulting user benefits. Based on analysis of radar data recorded during eleven days of pre-and post-implementation operations, significant improvements in descent continuities were observed for aircraft descending via the new procedures. The improvements resulted in a 38-percent reduction in the time aircraft remained in level flight at key step-down altitudes in terminal airspace. Fuel burn benefits to users were estimated at $0.5 million annually, and resulting reductions in CO2 emissions were estimated at approximately 2500 metric tons annually. In addition to these currently realized benefits, improved participation coupled with procedure optimization efforts promise increased future user benefits.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129908835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of advanced flight management systems (FMS), flight management computer (FMC) field observations trials, vertical path","authors":"A. Herndon, Michael Cramer, Kevin Sprong, R. Mayer","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391899","url":null,"abstract":"The differences in performance of various manufacturers' flight management systems (FMSs) and their associated flight management computers (FMCs) have the potential for significant impact on the air traffic control system. While area navigation (RNAV) and required navigation performance (RNP) procedures and routes are designed according to criteria contained in Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) orders, FMCs are built to meet minimum aviation system performance standards (MASPS) (RTCA, 2003) and the minimum operational performance standards (MOPS) (RTCA, 2003) for area navigation systems, technical service orders and advisory circulars. The expectation is the resulting performance of the aircraft FMC will meet the procedure design requirements identified in the FAA criteria. The airspace design goal is procedures where aircraft operations result in repeatable and predictable paths. However, actual aircraft performance frequently does not match the expectations of the procedure designer. Studies referenced in this paper such as assessment of operational differences among flight management systems (Steinbach, 2004), analysis of advanced flight management systems (FMSs) (Herndon et al., 2005) and analysis of advanced flight management systems (FMSs), FMC field observations trials (Herndon et al., 2006) have shown that these differences result from variations in FMS equipment; variations and errors in data collection and processing; variations in pilot training and airline operating procedures; and variations in aircraft performance. This paper presents the hypothesis that given a standardized performance-based (RNAV/RNP) procedure with coded altitudes, variations in vertical path performance will exist among the various FMC/FMS combinations that are tested. Controlled observations were made using twelve test benches at five major FMC manufacturers and three full-motion simulators at the FAA and two airlines. This focus on vertical navigation (VNAV) path conformance follows the MITRE Corporation's analysis of lateral navigation (LNAV) path conformance described in analysis of advanced flight management systems (FMSs), FMC field observations trials (Herndon et al., 2006).","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121281279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application migration from linux prototype to deployable ima platform using arinc 653 and open gl","authors":"L. Kinnan","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391958","url":null,"abstract":"Linux offers a low cost, rapid-prototyping capability for integrated modular avionics (IMA) applications, but moving these prototypes to a deploy able ARINC 653 partitioned system presents many challenges to a developer. This paper discusses the steps needed to migrate an OpenGL-based graphic application from a Linux prototype to a working ARINC 653 IMA platform. It makes use of Wind River's VxWorks 653 operating systems utilizing Seaweed software's certifiable OpenGL product. An example will be discussed of this software running on VxWorks 653 using PowerPC hardware with a Radstone PMC graphics adapter.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"404 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122734224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formal safety analysis of mode transitions in aircraft flight control system","authors":"B. Meenakshi, K. Das Barman, K. Babu, K. Sehgal","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391854","url":null,"abstract":"Various well-established techniques exist for functional safety analysis of safety-critical avionics systems. Most of these techniques are based on informal models and due to this, analysis is often subjective and success is dependent on the skill of the practitioner. Various standards like DO-178B, IEC 61508 etc. that provide guidelines to perform safety analysis also propose formal verification methods as one of the techniques for functional safety analysis. This technique is based on formal models of the system under development and can be applied on requirements, design and code to get assurance of the respective artifact satisfying a wide variety of functional requirements. In this paper, we present a case study of applying formal verification methods for doing safety analysis of requirements of a generic aircraft flight control system. Flight control system is broadly specified in two parts: mode transition logic part specifies which mode the system is in and represents the function performed by the flight control system. In each mode, certain control laws are executed to implement the various flight control functions. We used a particular technique in formal verification namely that of model checking for analysis. The mode transition logic of a generic auto pilot was modeled and verified using three different open source model checking tools-SPIN, NuSMV and SAL.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117162418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A display concept for UAV autoland monitoring: rationale, design and evaluation","authors":"J. Tadema, E. Theunissen","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391934","url":null,"abstract":"In manned aviation, the main reason for the development of an autoland capability was to be able to land in reduced visibility. For over thirty years already, the ILS Cat III autoland system provides aircraft with the capability to land under zero visibility conditions. For unmanned aircraft, the main reason for developing an autoland capability is to reduce the mishap rates associated with the landing. This raises the question whether there still is a role for the human operator during the landing, and if so, what this role is. Factors that influence the answer comprise the integrity and reliability of the autoland function and its dependency on operator consent. A UAV autoland concept is discussed that relies on the involvement of a human operator as a conformance and integrity monitor. An analysis of the suitability of a conventional display format and an advanced, perspective display format to support the conformance and integrity monitoring task is presented. In addition, the level of operator involvement is addressed. Finally, an evaluation of the two display concepts and two levels of operator involvement is presented. Results show advantages for the perspective display format with the integrity monitoring task. Differences for the level of operator involvement were less pronounced.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115915484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiemntal platforms for evaluating sensor technology for UAS collision avoidance","authors":"D. Maroney, R. Boiling, M. Heffron, G. Flathers","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391936","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391936","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of \"sense-and-avoid\" for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) is genuinely multi-dimensional: there is a wide range of UAS sizes, speeds, and maneuverability, as well as missions for which these UAS will be used. There are also a variety of sensors that might be used for sense-and-avoid, which have widely varying capabilities to measure distance or angle to an obstacle, as well as closing rate and time to collision. Most sensors are not able to provide all required information about the geometry of an encounter; therefore, using a combination of sensors offers one possible solution. We are investigating the concept that there may be a variety of possible sensor solutions for each distinct UAS capability or mission. By studying the breadth of UAS types and missions, and selectively testing certain sensors in the field, we are evaluating the limits to the capabilities of sensors and sensor combinations. This paper reports on part of the progress of this multi-dimensional evaluation. We have scoped the dimensions for evaluating UAS capabilities and the capabilities of sensors. We are experimentally evaluating sensor parameters on a variety of aircraft to validate the specified capabilities. This paper reports on our methodology for field evaluation of sensor technology and the lessons learned on evaluation platforms and capabilities.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126822141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descent profile options for continuous descent arrival procedures within 3d path concept","authors":"K. Tong, E. Schoemig, D. Boyle, J. Scharl, A. Haraldsdottir","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391872","url":null,"abstract":"Continuous descent approach/arrival (CDA) procedures with idle thrust descent have demonstrated significant reduction in community noise, fuel burn, emissions and flight time when compared with conventional step-down procedures. However, to date such CDA procedures have only been implemented in low traffic conditions. This is partly due to the fact that air traffic control (ATC) lacks the required ground automation to provide separation assurance services during CDA operations. Additionally, the deployment of CDA procedures in medium to high traffic conditions is hindered by the lack of capability on the ground to reliably predict the trajectory as executed by the airplane when descending under idle thrust. Insufficient or inaccurate knowledge on the ground regarding aircraft type, weight, aircraft specific operations and wind profiles in the flight management system (FMS), etc. can lead to large deviations between the ground computed profile and the actual profile flown. Partially powered, low thrust CDA along a geometric vertical path provides a possible alternative to idle descents. Geometric paths explicitly specify the vertical profile that the aircraft will fly and hence provide increased predictability on the ground and significantly improved common situational awareness in the air and on the ground. These benefits come at the expense of increased noise, fuel burn, emissions, and flight time for individual flight in comparison to idle thrust descents. With proper design, however, it can be shown that the increases can be quite reasonable. The higher predictability will make this descent concept feasible in high traffic conditions. The overall benefits in noise, fuel burn, and flight time for the entire arrival stream can still be much higher than the level achievable with current step-down procedures. When combined with the 3D path arrival management (3D PAM) concept using lateral path options, the resultant operational concept provides a highly predictable 3D descent trajectory and, with supporting ground automation, enables the implementation of CDA procedures in high traffic conditions. In this paper, we will report relevant design considerations for geometric path CDAs and trade-offs between this low thrust descent scheme and idle thrust descents. The implementation of this descent scheme within the 3D PAM concept will also be discussed.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124400130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approaches to improving real-time java performance and predictability","authors":"J. Paunicka","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391963","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114756693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}