{"title":"Testing two theories for generating signed networks using real data","authors":"P. Doreian, Andrej Mrvar","doi":"10.51936/luiz1097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/luiz1097","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple social processes generate social network structures. We use relaxed structural balance, a generalization of classic structural balance, to facilitate a direct comparative test of two social psychological theories regarding network generation. One is structural balance theory. The other concerns differential popularity. These theories predict distinctive signed blockmodels. We use two well known empirical temporal signed data sets presenting an opportunity for comparing the two theories in terms of their predictions about blockmodel representations of these networks. The results provide strong support for differential popularity, differential disliking, and mutual disliking within a subset of actors. While there is evidence that structural balance was also operating, it seems the lesser process for the data used in these tests. We also examine the unequal distributions of receiving positive and negative ties. Both tend to become more unequal over time. Suggestions for future research are provided.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128517108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Women's job search propensity and selection effect in European labour markets","authors":"Rosalia Castellano, G. Punzo, A. Rocca","doi":"10.51936/nczu2338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/nczu2338","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to explore the main determinants of women's job search propensity and the mechanism underlying the selection effect into labour markets. The analysis compares the European countries, sharing the lowest female activity rates, with the well-developed economies of North Europe, traditionally characterized by the highest levels of female labour force participation. The potential selection bias due to the overlap in some unobserved characteristics is addressed via a bivariate probit model. Significant selection effects in women's job search process of opposite signs are found for Greece, on the one side, and for the Polish and the Norwegian labour markets, on the other one.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"168 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130481084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing different types of web surveys","authors":"Henning Silber, Julia Lischewski, Jürgen Leibold","doi":"10.51936/luih3006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/luih3006","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to compare different types of web surveys in terms of response behaviour and data quality. To do so, the data of four online samples, two online access panels, a student sample, and a generated mail sample—randomly drawn from a systemically generated pool of email addresses—were contrasted. To investigate expected sample differences in drop-out rates, non-response, and data quality, closed and open-ended questions of varying levels of sensitiveness were employed. The main findings were that the two access panels lead to lower item non-response, but especially when sensitive questions were asked, data quality problems were revealed. Moreover, the access panelists showed a tendency to take short-cuts in the response process and to edit their answers in favour of social desirability.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131463629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perspectives of data mining in improving data collection processes in official statistics","authors":"M. Hudec, Jana Juriová","doi":"10.51936/rvlb1833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/rvlb1833","url":null,"abstract":"Statistical offices are crucial institutions for collecting data about various aspects of society. Nevertheless, data collection copes with nonresponse in surveys and problem of missing values. Therefore, efforts focused on increasing response rates and the estimation of missing values are topics which need continual improvement. The paper examines advantages of soft computing techniques on small-scale case studies related to reminder letters, respondents' classification and estimation of missing values. Fuzzy sets have membership degree valued in the [0, 1] interval which implies that similar entities could be similarly treated in reminders and with some restriction in imputation. Neural networks are suitable when the borders of classes are not easily definable and databases contain incomplete records. In such a case the neural network can identify the most similar class for each entity and this enables the imputation of missing values. Finally, the paper discusses an efficient way for design and implementation of tools in the cooperation among statistical institutes.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125367261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalized blockmodeling of sparse networks","authors":"A. Žiberna","doi":"10.51936/orxk5673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/orxk5673","url":null,"abstract":"The paper starts with an observation that the blockmodeling of relatively sparse binary networks (where we also expect sparse non-null blocks) is problematic. The use of regular equivalence often results in almost all units being classified in the same equivalence class, while using structural equivalence (binary version) only finds very small complete blocks. Two possible ways of blockmodeling such networks within a binary generalized blockmodeling approach are presented. It is also shown that sum of squares (homogeneity) generalized blockmodeling according to structural equivalence is appropriate for this task, although it suffers from \"the null block problem\". A solution to this problem is suggested that makes the approach even more suitable. All approaches are also applied to an empirical example. My general suggestion is to use either binary blockmodeling according to structural equivalence with different weights for inconsistencies or sum of squares (homogeneity) blockmodeling with null and constrained complete blocks. The second approach is more appropriate when we want complete blocks to have rows and columns of similar densities and differentiate among complete blocks based on densities. If these aspects are not important the first approach is more appropriate as it does in general produce \"cleaner\" null blocks.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115817556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proposition of a hybrid stochastic Lee-Carter mortality model","authors":"Agnieszka Rossa, L. Socha","doi":"10.51936/bvkn7774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/bvkn7774","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper, a stochastic hybrid mortality model (EHLC) treated as a solution of stochastic differential equations is introduced. The model is defined analogously to the well-known Lee-Carter mortality model (LC). A parameter estimation procedure including a switching rule are proposed. A comparison of the predictive accuracy of the LC and EHLC models based on the mortality data for Poland has shown that the new model yields better results.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"120 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133719021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"first look on smaller sized samples for bootstrap derived patterns of profile analysis via multidimensional scaling","authors":"Patrik Bratkovič","doi":"10.51936/sqrw7027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/sqrw7027","url":null,"abstract":"The possibility of using small sized samples was investigated for bootstrapping validation of scale values in Profile Analysis via Multidimensional Scaling (PAMS). Three original samples using three different psychological test batteries served as a basis for the investigation; TEMPS-A (N = 1167), BFQ (N = 347), and ICID (N = 565). Each of these samples were then randomly split into three smaller sizes (n = 50, n = 100, n = 200), and the original sample size (N = Full) was included as well. All four sample sizes were submitted to a bootstrapping procedure with 1000 resamples with replacement, and each bootstrapped resample was analyzed with multidimensional scaling (MDS) to create two major profiles in PAMS. The resulting scale values, i.e. the coordinates from MDS, were analyzed using the bootstrapped distributions confidence intervals (CI). The smaller samples' CIs were compared towards the ones of the full sample to investigate invariance using Chebyshev's rule. The results indicate that the n = 200 samples were all invariant in comparison with the original sample sizes and produce reasonable results when the goal is to extract major profiles via bootstrapped confidence intervals using PAMS.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132351126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Topics in data analysis using R in extreme value theory","authors":"Helena Penalva, M. Neves, Sandra Nunes","doi":"10.51936/qsdg2096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/qsdg2096","url":null,"abstract":"The statistical Extreme Value Theory has grown gradually from the beginning of the 20th century. Its unquestionable importance in applications was definitely recognized after Gumbel's book in 1958, Statistics of Extremes. Nowadays there is a wide number of applied sciences where extreme value statistics are largely used. So, accurately modeling extreme events has become more and more important and the analysis requires tools that must be simple to use but also should consider complex statistical models in order to produce valid inferences. To deal with accurate, friendly, free and open-source software is of great value for practitioners and researchers. This paper presents a review of the main steps for initializing a data analysis of extreme values in R environment. Some well documented packages are briefly described and two data sets will be considered for illustrating the use of some functions.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129010377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do transformation methods matter?","authors":"Lenka Hudrlikova, Jana Kramulová","doi":"10.51936/sqxo6989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/sqxo6989","url":null,"abstract":"The general aim of a multitude of research projects is to assess a social, economic or environmental process or phenomenon by various indicators that are often measured in different units. In such situations, the data transformation and/or normalisation are inevitable. The present paper focuses on benefits and drawbacks of different normalisation methods. Further, it compares the results produced by several methods from the consistency and quality of the measurement perspective. The case of Czech NUTS 3 regions sustainability indicators is introduced. The authors employ 40 indicators divided into three sustainability pillars, attempting to conclude which method is the most suitable for further statistical analysis under the preference of dimensionless numbers.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134362878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Absent ties in social networks, their treatments, and blockmodeling outcomes","authors":"Anja Žnidaršič, P. Doreian, A. Ferligoj","doi":"10.51936/redp2838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/redp2838","url":null,"abstract":"An absent tie is one for which we have no information regarding its nature. Absent ties for a network is a set of such ties. This lack of information can be present anywhere in network data and has the potential to compromise the results of all network analytic tools. To assess this impact, we used real networks and based simulations on them by introducing varying amounts of absent ties. They were treated with four treatments of absent ties. Blockmodeling, using structural equivalence, was applied to the known networks and then to every treated network. The results were compared. The amount of absent ties, their treatments, the block structure of a network, and the level of reciprocity all have an effect of the adequacy of the results of blockmodeling. Reconstruction combined with imputation based on modal values was the best overall treatment. However, treatments of absent ties can work for some networks but not others and we recommend treatments of absent ties based on the form of networks.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116818956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}