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Characteristics of asserting the identity of people with dementia in an old people's home 养老院中痴呆症患者的身份特征
Advances in Methodology and Statistics Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.51936/nvuo7291
Sintija Munđar
{"title":"Characteristics of asserting the identity of people with dementia in an old people's home","authors":"Sintija Munđar","doi":"10.51936/nvuo7291","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/nvuo7291","url":null,"abstract":"Dementia poses a specific risk to the expression of identity due to the progressive decline of cognitive abilities and the general negative image of people with dementia. Prejudice and negative beliefs often lead to stigma and discrimination, which can depersonalise people with dementia and make it impossible for them to express their identity. The socially constructed image of people with dementia points to the need to explore the concept of identity of people with dementia. Based on qualitative research conducted in an old people's home and narrative interviews with residents with dementia, we demonstrate the possibilities of asserting the identity of people with dementia in an institutional setting. The paper highlights various factors that have a significant impact on the identity formation of residents with dementia. Among the most highlighted are appearance, physical abilities, social environment, activities, emotions, and religion. Residents with dementia develop different strategies to cope with the changes brought about by dementia and ageing (accepting change, redirecting negative thoughts, and maintaining skills through activities and employment). The paper presents the ability of residents with dementia to maintain or even transform their identity in an institutional setting, which has a strong impact on the expression and assertion of the individual's identity.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"67 s271","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A map of long-term care for people with dementia at the level of local communities 地方社区层面的痴呆症患者长期护理地图
Advances in Methodology and Statistics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.51936/gmuf2033
Jana Mali
{"title":"A map of long-term care for people with dementia at the level of local communities","authors":"Jana Mali","doi":"10.51936/gmuf2033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/gmuf2033","url":null,"abstract":"Long-term care for people with dementia has been studied using the Rapid Assessment of Needs and Services method, which has been used to map long-term care needs in order to stimulate the development of care that effectively meets the needs of people with dementia. In this paper, we present the results of three focus groups with key stakeholders in long-term care for people with dementia in three selected communities, involving 29 people from a variety of organisations: social work centres, homes for the older people, health centres, general and psychiatric hospitals, municipalities and non-governmental organizations. Qualitative analysis of the empirical material showed that the following problems are prevalent in the communities: (i) acute and unmet needs of informal caregivers, (ii) a multi-tiered system of long-term care that puts people in an unequal position, (iii) a lack of community-based long-term care, and inadequate responses to the needs of people with dementia. Even in communities where there are various forms of support, both institutional and community-based, available across all service sectors, long-term care for people with dementia is based on informal care. We propose the development of a national strategy for family caregivers, with special attention to informal caregivers of people with dementia. The support offered by existing facilities is inadequate, poorly accessible, or nonexistent. Homes for older people are overcrowded, and people with dementia wait months or years to be admitted to a home. Home-based assistance is not evenly distributed across communities, and its scale (20 hours per week) in particular is insufficient to meet the needs of people with dementia. There is a lack of alternative forms of care that enable people with dementia to remain in their own home environment for as long as possible, for example in the form of personal assistance. We suggest that the development of long-term care for people with dementia should be based on the proposed research methodology.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141705442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Informal carers of people with dementia 痴呆症患者的非正式照护者
Advances in Methodology and Statistics Pub Date : 2024-07-01 DOI: 10.51936/ztrc8377
Liljana Rihter, Miriam Hurtado Monarres
{"title":"Informal carers of people with dementia","authors":"Liljana Rihter, Miriam Hurtado Monarres","doi":"10.51936/ztrc8377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/ztrc8377","url":null,"abstract":"Social work is constantly evolving and theoretically enriched to meet people's needs in new social situations. Informal carers must balance care with other demands while facing a range of obstacles. Despite research on what informal carers require, a specific typology of their needs has yet to be formulated. The research question considered is \"What are the (groups of) needs of individuals who provide informal care for people with dementia?\". As part of the research project Long-term Care for People with Dementia in Social Work Theory and Practice, we interviewed a non-random convenience sample of 20 relatives acting as informal carers of people with dementia. The results are presented as a typology of needs on the micro level (personal health—emotional health, physical health), mezzo level (care tasks—support from formal care, planning—information, counselling) and macro level (legislation, system changes). Most obstacles and needs identified were on the micro and mezzo levels. More than on the system (macro level), informal carers see the responsibility and burden of care as lying on the individual (micro level) and institutions and the community (mezzo level).","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"295 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141691995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trauma-informed approach for bridging ethnic distance in post-conflict societies 在冲突后社会中采用创伤知情方法弥合种族距离
Advances in Methodology and Statistics Pub Date : 2024-06-11 DOI: 10.51936/dswp1546
M. Kuhar, Irena Bolko, Rok Zupančič
{"title":"Trauma-informed approach for bridging ethnic distance in post-conflict societies","authors":"M. Kuhar, Irena Bolko, Rok Zupančič","doi":"10.51936/dswp1546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/dswp1546","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a pilot study based on intervention conducted in Croatia in 2022. Despite intensive peacebuilding efforts, ethnic tensions in post-conflict societies remain high, suggesting that current strategies may be missing critical components. This experiment integrated recent neurophysiological findings, particularly polyvagal theory, into peacebuilding intervention. The intervention involved a two-day seminar in Zagreb, where trauma-informed, body-based techniques were used to address post-war trauma. Participants learnt to recognise and manage trauma reactions by promoting their interoceptive awareness and a felt sense of safety. The seminar included both theoretical and experiential components, focusing on the impact of trauma on the autonomous nervous system and interpersonal dynamics. The study used an experimental design with intervention and control group to investigate the effects of the seminar. Measures included interoceptive awareness, autonomic reactivity, ethnic distance, perspective taking and mental well-being. The results showed that the participants in the intervention group showed significant improvements in interoceptive awareness, particularly in not worrying and emotional awareness subscales compared to the control group. However, ethnic distance scores did not decrease as expected, highlighting the complexity of changing deep-rooted attitudes. The study faced some challenges, including participant recruitment and the short duration of the intervention, which may have limited its effectiveness. Despite these limitations, the findings suggest that integrating trauma-informed approaches into peacebuilding efforts holds promise for improving interethnic relations. Future research should focus on longer interventions and diverse participant groups to better understand the potential of these methods in various contexts.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"15 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Team leadership and leadership roles 团队领导和领导角色
Advances in Methodology and Statistics Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.51936/eqfv6922
Helena Kovačič, Barbara Lužar, Hajdeja Iglič
{"title":"Team leadership and leadership roles","authors":"Helena Kovačič, Barbara Lužar, Hajdeja Iglič","doi":"10.51936/eqfv6922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/eqfv6922","url":null,"abstract":"Although leadership theory recognises the importance of leaders in a team, research has mostly focused on various personal characteristics of leaders or leadership style, while less attention has been paid to the social relationships in which leaders are embedded. We therefore examine both internal and external social ties of leaders with the aim of identifying variations in the network patterns of team leaders. We hypothesise that leaders' relationship patterns lead to different network structures, which in turn create differences in leadership roles. By examining the social networks of team leaders from Slovenian and Finnish organisations between 2009 and 2012, we empirically identify variations in leaders' social networks. The results suggest four distinct social structures within which team leaders perform their leadership roles. We have shown that leadership roles can be distinguished from teams and team leaders based on the characteristics of social networks.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"117 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Researching the social aspects of dementia from a social work perspective 从社会工作角度研究老年痴呆症的社会问题
Advances in Methodology and Statistics Pub Date : 2024-05-12 DOI: 10.51936/aczv5975
Jana Mali, Ana Štambuk
{"title":"Researching the social aspects of dementia from a social work perspective","authors":"Jana Mali, Ana Štambuk","doi":"10.51936/aczv5975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/aczv5975","url":null,"abstract":"The issues associated with dementia are challenging for social workers, who have a lot of direct contact with people with dementia, as well as their support networks. These networks play a key role in the care of people with dementia. Social workers differ from other professionals in that they are aware of the urgency of attending to social justice, as well as the implementation of human rights, participation and equality. Recognising the experiences of people with dementia is of paramount relevance to social work, as it provides insight into their needs and the aptness of existing forms of assistance in responding to their needs. Through this approach, those working in social work strive to find new forms of help to enable people with dementia to live independently in their community. It is important to find ways to involve people with dementia as active co-creators in the helping process and in exploring the social perspectives of dementia. In the present paper, we present the literature review on experience of researching dementia from a social work perspective in Slovenia and Croatia—two countries with similarities in the development of social work and its research. The inclusion of people with Alzheimer's disease or dementia in research is very complex. Both professionals working with people with dementia (formal caregivers) and family members (mostly informal caregivers) face various difficulties and pressures. It is therefore important to consider research ethics and respect existing legal frameworks and informed consent. An individualised approach should be used to include people with dementia in research to meet their need for personal worth and dignity (despite numerous mental and functional deficits). Ultimately, all research should strive to determine the true situation of people with dementia and their needs, with the aim of using and developing their remaining abilities to improve the quality of life for both those people and those who provide care for them.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"110 51","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140986777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Latent structure and reliability 潜在结构和可靠性
Advances in Methodology and Statistics Pub Date : 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.51936/vmsz7741
Josip Novak, B. Rebernjak
{"title":"Latent structure and reliability","authors":"Josip Novak, B. Rebernjak","doi":"10.51936/vmsz7741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/vmsz7741","url":null,"abstract":"There are numerous reliability coefficients and α is the most popular. It is known that different coefficients can be appropriate in specific conditions and that α should not be used indiscriminately. However, some coefficients and conditions, particularly regarding the latent structure, lacked attention in previous research. In four Monte Carlo simulations, this study compared α, λ2, maximized λ4, λ4 based on locally optimal splits, μ2, Gilmer-Feldt, Kaiser-Caffrey α, Heise-Bohrnstedt Ω, Joreskog's ρ, ωtotal, algebraic greatest lower bound, greatest lower bound based on minimum rank factor analysis in every condition and also hierarchical ω and asymptotic ω hierarchical in multidimensional conditions. Findings suggest each of these coefficients can be useful at least in some conditions. Most differences in performance were observed in congeneric conditions and conditions with up to moderate loadings. Some coefficients were found to be more useful than previously considered. Results are discussed in the context of existing theory and previous Monte Carlo studies.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"122 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141002830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Slovenian patients' knowledge on radiation and radiologic imaging modalities and their expectations of informed consent discussion 斯洛文尼亚患者对辐射和放射成像方式的了解及其对知情同意讨论的期望
Advances in Methodology and Statistics Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.51936/tpka3024
Žana Bajc, T. Starc, Valentina Hlebec
{"title":"Slovenian patients' knowledge on radiation and radiologic imaging modalities and their expectations of informed consent discussion","authors":"Žana Bajc, T. Starc, Valentina Hlebec","doi":"10.51936/tpka3024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/tpka3024","url":null,"abstract":"Medical imaging is considered a useful technique for diagnostic purposes. However, radiologic procedures based on the use of ionizing radiation carry possible health risks. Consequently, patients' knowledge about radiation plays a key role in their treatment process, especially in terms of reducing unnecessary exposure. The aim of this study was to assess patients' level of knowledge regarding radiation and medical imaging procedures and to correlate it with the availability of such information provided upon x-ray imaging. Online questionnaires were distributed to patients after they underwent x-ray imaging to investigate the extent to which patients understood the procedure. We also examined whether patients took the initiative to learn about the procedure, how they perceived the radiographers, how they experienced the medical procedure, and how satisfied they were with the treatment. Information that the patients acquired from the medical professionals (p = 0.006) or by self-educating on the topic (p < 0.001) is associated with their understanding of radiation. In contrast to gender and age, a statistically significant association between education and patients' knowledge was revealed (p = 0.008). The results also showed an association between gender and patients' comfort during imaging, revealing that females are more likely to experience emotional distress (p < 0.001). Satisfaction is statistically significantly higher when patients tend to educate themselves on the topic (p = 0.038). Most clients were informed about why they had to undergo x-ray imaging, however, they did not receive information about radiation and its risks upon examination. This resulted in inadequate patient knowledge. In order to improve patients’ awareness, comprehensive educational programs should be implemented into the clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"138 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Monte Carlo simulation studies of reliability in psychometrics 心理测量学可靠性的蒙特卡罗模拟研究
Advances in Methodology and Statistics Pub Date : 2024-04-23 DOI: 10.51936/nolj5339
Josip Novak, B. Rebernjak
{"title":"Monte Carlo simulation studies of reliability in psychometrics","authors":"Josip Novak, B. Rebernjak","doi":"10.51936/nolj5339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/nolj5339","url":null,"abstract":"Monte Carlo simulation studies are widely used in reliability research. This study reviewed 85 published Monte Carlo simulation studies investigating reliability. The review focused on the prevalence of particular reliability estimation methods and estimators, as well as adherence to previous recommendations for the Monte Carlo simulation method. It appears researchers do not fully adhere to these recommendations. Most of the reviewed studies have limitations in at least one of the following: reporting on the data generation procedure, selection of the number of replications, selection of conditions, benchmark utilization, and performance evaluation. Findings also suggest internal consistency in general and coefficient α are the most prevalent. Conversely, some reliability estimation methods and estimators that can be useful under many empirical conditions appear to be mostly overlooked. In the case of internal consistency, these are relatively obscure forms of α, λ2, λ4, μ-series, Kristof's coefficient, Feldt-Gilmer coefficient, maximal reliability, greatest lower bound to reliability, ω family, structural equation modeling-based coefficients, and internal consistency confidence intervals. Overlooked reliability estimation methods are parallel forms, test-retest, multilevel reliability, latent class-based reliability, reliability of an individual, and Bayesian reliability. Suggestions for future research have been offered.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"142 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
effects of non-standard employment on subjective well-being 非标准就业对主观幸福感的影响
Advances in Methodology and Statistics Pub Date : 2022-07-01 DOI: 10.51936/uspx6788
Robin Fabrin-Petersen
{"title":"effects of non-standard employment on subjective well-being","authors":"Robin Fabrin-Petersen","doi":"10.51936/uspx6788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51936/uspx6788","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this review was to address the inconsistency in previous research, on the effect of non-standard employments on subjective well-being, with the use of meta-analysis. This was done by examining the standardised mean difference in global subjective well-being, or whole life well-being, between employees in non-standard employment and permanent employment. The scientific databases Web of Science, Scopus and EBSCOhost were systematically searched for studies on the connection between non-standard employment and subjective well being. From the initial 1307 results of the systematic literature search, we identified 33 relevant primary studies published since 2004 in a variety of countries throughout the world. Meta-analytic results from a total of 55 independent effect sizes (N = 476,454) suggest that employees in non-standard employment experience lower global subjective well-being (d = −0.05) compared to employees in permanent employment. Moderator analyses indicate that if primary studies control for subjective job insecurity or employability, it will remove the statistically significant effect of global subjective wellbeing between employees in non-standard employment and permanent, resulting in d = −0.05 to d = 0.01 and d = 0.01, respectively. We can therefore conclude that non-standard employments do have a statistical significant small negative effect on global subjective well-being. However, evidence suggest that the negative effect is more due to the subjective perception of job insecurity and employability rather than the objective condition of non-standard employment.","PeriodicalId":242585,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Methodology and Statistics","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121615393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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