The Arabic Language and Literature最新文献

{"title":"Ethnoarchaeological Investigation of Affa in Udi local Government Area of Enugu","authors":"A. Okwoche, Emeka E. Okonkwo, Inyabri Samuel Atam, Tawo Alfrd Oyong, Onah Gabriel","doi":"10.11648/J.ALLC.20200504.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.ALLC.20200504.12","url":null,"abstract":"In the past, many archaeological researchers have targeted on unearthing the earliest origin of this technological know-how in the continent of Africa and its diversification or diffusion to different parts of the continent. Many of such researches have taken place in the Nsukka vicinity of Enugu, Nigeria. Some of the communities in the Nsukka subculture location have traces of this earliest technological know-how in their environment with little or no sizable answer to their origin. To this regard, this study is aimed at; studying one of the earliest technologies of Africans in this phase of Nigeria, conduct a reconnaissance and ethnographic research in Affa community, excavate an iron smelting web site in the community, decide the starting place of the humans and that of the iron smelting, and determine the cultural correlate of the extinct and extant societies of Affa. Ethnoarchaeology studies are useful to archaeology because it helps to draw analogy between the past and the present. The archaeologist uses ethnography to reconstruct past human culture by detailed study of the technology (tools), behaviour and environment of present day people in order to properly understand and reconstruct artifacts, eco-facts and features recovered from excavation. The study reveals that they were iron smelters.","PeriodicalId":241928,"journal":{"name":"The Arabic Language and Literature","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127259120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Translation of Religious Words and Expressions in Naguib Mahfouz’s Sugar Street: Domesticating or Foreignizing Strategy","authors":"A. Abdel-Hafiz","doi":"10.11648/J.ALLC.20200504.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.ALLC.20200504.11","url":null,"abstract":"Different translators employ different strategies in translation. The translation of culture-specific elements is particularly challenging to translators. Some translators prefer a domesticating strategy, which is characterized by the replacement of foreign cultural elements with TL ones. Other translators opt for a foreignizing strategy, which enables the translator to preserve the values of SL culture. It is true that globalization has turned our universe into a small village where people have become more and more familiar with the cultures of other people. Thus peoples of different countries may share most of the cultural elements: food, clothing, sports, entertainment etc. Only religion remains resistant to change. Religion is one of the three axes that Mahfouz’s novels revolve around. This study aims at identifying the strategies the translators of Naguib Mahfouz’s Sugar Street have employed in rendering religious words and religious expressions. This requires examining both the source text and the target text. Having identified the religious words and expressions in the novel, I traced them in the translated text. It turned out that the translators have used three major types of strategies: foreignizing strategy, domesticating strategy, and a mixture of these two. However, the investigation of these strategies has shown that the foreignizing strategy is the most frequent in the translation of this novel.","PeriodicalId":241928,"journal":{"name":"The Arabic Language and Literature","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127762330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arabic Handwriting Between Graphical Structural System and Aesthetic Reality","authors":"L. Bouabdallah","doi":"10.11648/J.ALLC.20200503.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.ALLC.20200503.12","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims at addressing -in esthetic approach- the Arabic calligraphy in its aesthetic and linguistic dimensions. The first dimension is highlighted in its distinctive aesthetic and cultural features within a set of propositions that achieve the concepts of pleasure and harmony. The second dimension appears in the nature of the patterns that control its graphical structure, to achieve linguistic/ communical and aesthetic/ artistic functions. The nature of the artistic and historical approach to the phenomenon of Arabic writing, and the considerations that it produces, which feed into the traditional archaeological and aesthetic aspect, characterize this phenomenon with typical, normative and historical features, all of which are considerations upon which modern scientific studies in the humanities and social sciences have arisen, through studies that dealt with language - with its various elements - as a subject Can be described, interpreted, and analyzed objectively, which usually translates into the absolute Through Saussure's famous phrase \"in and for itself\" Whatever the trend that addressed the phenomenon: structural, functional, systemic, behavioral, or cognitive. It is certain that it was able to highlight the topic clearly... and define the appropriate approach - or approaches - to reveal what the conceptual record is and to reach the desired goals. With the diversity of schools and the accumulation of knowledge - the phenomenon of Handwriting as one of the aspects of linguistic evidence has become a subject that we can approach with a systematic linguistic vision without removing from it the features of the aesthetic that performs its distinctive, cultural and cognitive functions. The research concluded that the Arabic calligraphy with its epistemological potential resulted from the deposits of aesthetic practices, which supplied it with aesthetic shipments that could not be decomposed. The research combines between linguistic and aesthetic concepts, thus allowing the connection of linguistic field to artistic and historical issues, which is what we refer to as cultural linguistics.","PeriodicalId":241928,"journal":{"name":"The Arabic Language and Literature","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121331246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Influence of Using Peer Feedback on EFL Students’ Speaking Achievement and Their Perceptions Towards Peer Feedback","authors":"Abiot Dagnew Chekol","doi":"10.11648/J.ALLC.20200503.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.ALLC.20200503.11","url":null,"abstract":"This quasi-experimental study aimed at finding out the influence of using peer feedback on EFL students’ speaking achievement and their perceptions towards peer feedback. One section of 39 grade eleven intact group students from nine sections at Injibara secondary school was taken as participants of the study. The data were collected using pre- and post-tests, questionnaire and interview. For the data which were gathered using pre- and post-tests, t-test was employed as a statistical tool of analysis using paired samples t- test in SPSS. The questionnaire items, on the other hand, were analyzed quantitatively using frequency and percentage. Finally, the data obtained from the open-ended questionnaire item and interview items were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study showed that, there was a statistically significant improvement in the overall speaking achievement of the students following the 12 peer feedback sessions in six weeks. Moreover, the students showed significant improvements mainly on the three aspects of speaking (grammar, fluency and vocabulary), but these students didn’t show improvements on their pronunciation skills and their involvement in giving and receiving comments to and from their peers on their pronunciation skills was the least compared to the other aspects of speaking. Finally, the great majority i.e., 28 students (85.2%) of the respondents developed positive perception towards the peer feedback they involved for six weeks and wanted it to be considered as part of their learning. In general, it was concluded that regardless of the quality of the comments from peers, no one denies that the more the students get involved in giving and incorporating comments to and from their peers, the better improvements they showed. Finally, it is recommended that learners have to be oriented to the ‘new’ roles of a learner which is not one of a receiver but of an active participant. Both teachers and learners have to accept the idea that effective and meaningful learning take place only when students actively contribute to the learning and negotiate constantly in terms of creating meaning.","PeriodicalId":241928,"journal":{"name":"The Arabic Language and Literature","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130020820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Looking at the Impact of the Flipped Classroom Model on Reading Comprehension of Iranian EFL Learners","authors":"Sahar Lotfi Sin, H. Siahpoosh","doi":"10.11648/j.allc.20200502.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20200502.12","url":null,"abstract":"The flipped classroom instruction has been the focus of many researchers. It needs a lot of preparation and technological tools and many have tried it in different ways to teach different subjects with different grades. This study utilized to investigate the effect of flipped classroom on reading comprehension of Iranian EFL learners with different proficiency level (elementary and intermediate). So, 120 participants were selected based on their performance on Oxford Placement Test, then 60 participants for intermediate and 60 for elementary level were selected and a Nelson and PET reading test were submitted for their homogeneity. The Oxford Placement Test (OPT) was administered to 200 students in order to select 120 subjects to participate in the main study. In this experimental research, the effect of flipped classroom on reading comprehension is measured therefore, flipped classroom is the independent variable and reading comprehension is the dependent variable. The result of the posttest showed a statistically significant point of preference for the experimental group over the control group in reading comprehension for both of elementary and intermediate levels. The findings showed that the students who received instruction through flipped classrooms had better performance compared to those who were trained through traditional classrooms.","PeriodicalId":241928,"journal":{"name":"The Arabic Language and Literature","volume":"53 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113956501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biocommunication and Bioeconomy in Rio de Janeiro","authors":"R. Pereira","doi":"10.11648/j.allc.20200502.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20200502.11","url":null,"abstract":"It’s a project proposal for the National Science and Technology Week CNPq - SNCT 2019 [# snct2019]. It’s based on the teaching of visual communication campaigns on Elementary School I to High School Environmental Environmental Education Campaigns in public schools, ranging from selective waste collection to Demarketing or conscious consumption of products of natural origin such as water, gas and light; the creation of bioproducts derived from the refinery oil recycling in handcrafted soap, recycled marche or seed paper, battery collectors and batteries with pet bottles; it involves the reuse of gutter water for the garden and cleaning of the school, and the reuse of paper for scratch pads and murals, among other reuses. It suggests apprenticeship schools or cells of Bioeconomics, Diversity and Wealth actions for Sustainable Development. Transdisciplinary and interdisciplinary practices in theater, arts, sciences, languages and digital environmental communication will be promoted, combining artistic and academic knowledge with artistic, professional and cultural activities through the use of digital and audiovisual resources, in the activities developed in the teaching units and at ETEAB / FAETEC. This study depends on approval by CNPq evaluation committee and it does not intend to anticipate results of work proposal for SNCT 2019.","PeriodicalId":241928,"journal":{"name":"The Arabic Language and Literature","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121552607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Language Policy” in Ethiopia: Challenges and Opportunities in Current Trends of Afaan Oromoo","authors":"Samuel Leykun, T. Gari","doi":"10.11648/J.ALLC.20200501.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.ALLC.20200501.11","url":null,"abstract":"In many countries, policymakers suspect that the use of local languages in education can result in excessive ethnicization, which may lead to conflicts and divide nations. The objectives of the study are to assess the basic cause that stays Ethiopia to not have its own language policy and to investigate opportunities that leads Ethiopian to have language policy. The subjects of this study are language experts, policy makers and politicians, and target speech community. The major data collection instrument was questionnaire. Interviews with key informants and document analysis were supplementary tools to achieve the objective of the research. To mention some of the findings, a development plan of a country in all aspects should primarily deal with the concrete study of the language issues. There is statistical relationship between measurement and evaluation made by policy makers and opportunities in current trends of Afaan Oromoo (p-0.001). The case of Oromo language is not far from this general perception. Unless this Linguistic right is gained by the Oromo language speakers, these people hardly feel the full citizenship in the entire country, Ethiopia, because they can feel discrimination due to their lack of real participation in the country’s overall activities. Such discrimination can even cause conflict at different occasions. As from the general principles of language use is argued, the question of the Oromo language use as a national language is realized, Ethiopia’s overall development remain only a wish for the prime reason of lack of Oromo people’s motivation in the involvement of political, economic, social activities. Value linguistic and cultural pluralism practically, as demonstrated in the constitution. Currently Ethiopia is in the refolution (reform and revolution) which means education policy, Health policy, foreign relation policy, public service policy, and other major pillars of policies and declarations are changed and/or modified. Therefore, possible to design an independent language policy. Amend the issue of Afaan Oromoo as federal alternative working language in the constitution.","PeriodicalId":241928,"journal":{"name":"The Arabic Language and Literature","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127554891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonverbal Learning Disability in Relation to the Semantics and Pragmatics of Humor","authors":"R. Nabhan, Mireille Garabed Sarkissian","doi":"10.11648/J.ALLC.20180304.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.ALLC.20180304.11","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research is to identify difficulties in understanding humor caused by deficits in language in relation to Learning Difficulties (LD) such as Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities (NVLD) with respect to the fields of semantics and pragmatics. The first phase of the paper assesses social development and perception of humor with regards to social, cognitive, and linguistic skills. The second phase pinpoints patterns of humor as well as the perception of humor by individuals with NVLD. The final phase involves surveying the fields of semantics and pragmatics of humor by identifying patterns and deficits, which are later used to identify solutions and suggestions. Seemingly, the ability to comprehend, assess, or develop humor is tied to social and cognitive skills, and any deficits in learning may hinder the understanding of humor. The studies examined in this paper illustrate that learners with NVLD find it difficult to comprehend or assess jokes that are phonological in nature. However, these learners can understand lexical and congruity jokes. Provided the context and linguistics patterns, learners with NVLD can perceive jokes and derive meaning through context. Hence, in order to reduce the effects of NVLD, learners should be provided with language awareness in order to overcome their learning difficulties. Moreover, adjustment tools can be taken into consideration, such as providing individuals with safe learning environments and developing curriculums that fit their needs. Since individuals with NVLD do not comprehend humor on the phonological level, they can gradually learn how to overcome this difficulty by probing the field of phonology. Also, learners with NVLD can also master lexicology and cognitive congruity in order to understand better the mechanics of humor and language.","PeriodicalId":241928,"journal":{"name":"The Arabic Language and Literature","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114495810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Voyage to Tomorrow”: Modern Arabic Science Fiction","authors":"Akhmedov Rafael Sharifovich","doi":"10.11648/J.ALLC.20180303.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.ALLC.20180303.13","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is aimed to analyse time and space as the prominent themes of modern Arabic science fiction on the example of the novel “Voyage to Tomorrow” by Tawfiq al-Hakim. In this research a combination of two research methods - documentary analysis and literature review - was used. Documentary analysis involves obtaining data from about ten scientific articles and theses. Documentary analysis was used to obtain general data about the subject of the research. Results of the research make it obvious that time travel is one of the most contagious ideas in science fiction.  In modern society where time is a unit of value and instant gratification is prized, the idea of traveling through time appears more than ever in books, movies, and pop culture. Arabic science fiction writers try to incorporate the latest theories about the nature of the universe to give their stories greater realism. A pioneering figure of modern Arabic science fiction, Tawfiq al-Hakim, is the focus of attention in the paper because of his evolutionary and panoramic view of history and time in his novel “Voyage to Tomorrow”. Qualitative methods, documentary and literary analyses used in the research allowed the author to come to the conclusion that the ideas of the novel approach nature as transformational, rather than static and unchanging, and time as directional, rather than cyclic. The paper also shows how different traditions were combined in the “Voyage to Tomorrow” reflecting peculiarities of modern Arabic science fiction.","PeriodicalId":241928,"journal":{"name":"The Arabic Language and Literature","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115555565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Communication Apprehension Among ESP Students in Algeria","authors":"Naimi Amara","doi":"10.11648/j.allc.20180303.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.allc.20180303.11","url":null,"abstract":"Communication Apprehension has attracted a lot of research especially about students’ behaviour in the classroom and ever-increasing body of research has accumulated indicating that there is a pervasive relationship between this communication variable and various aspects of the academic experience. The main purpose of this article is to examine the level of Communication Apprehension (CA) among Third-Year Political Science students studying English for Specific Purposes (ESP) at Chlef University, and then investigate the main factors that lead to their CA in the ESP classroom. For the purpose of the study, the researcher used a mixed research method. The instruments that were used for data collection in the study are a questionnaire administered to 50 students and an interview conducted with 4 ESP teachers. The findings of the study revealed that most students had high level of CA with the relative contribution of two main reasons: instructional and psychological factors to the situation. Finally, some suggestions and recommendations on how to reduce communication apprehension among ESP students and improve their speaking skills were stated. Communication apprehension is a phenomenon that needs to be further investigated in the context of Political Sciences where students might be involved in situations where various cognitive and cultural elements work together.","PeriodicalId":241928,"journal":{"name":"The Arabic Language and Literature","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116507761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}