ZooKeys最新文献

{"title":"Mitochondrial genome of <i>Scutiger boulengeri</i> (Anura, Megophryidae) reveals an exceptionally expanded non-coding region and its phylogenetic position within Megophryidae.","authors":"Wan-Ting Wang, Fu-Hao Zhang, Rui Wang, Xu-Ze Zhang","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.1293.203467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1293.203467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Scutiger boulengeri</i> is an amphibian distributed in high-altitude mountainous environments on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surrounding regions. However, its mitochondrial genomic characteristics and phylogenetic position remain to be further investigated. In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of <i>S. boulengeri</i> was sequenced and assembled and a preliminary analysis conducted. The results revealed that the mitochondrial genome of <i>S. boulengeri</i> is 49,991 bp in length and comprises 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes, and an expanded non-coding region encompassing the putative mitochondrial control region. The overall organization is largely consistent with basic characteristics of vertebrate mitochondrial genomes. The overall A+T content of this mitochondrial genome is approximately 69.77%, indicating AT bias. The expanded non-coding region encompassing the putative control region reaches 22,418 bp in length, and large non-coding intergenic spacers were identified in the regions adjacent to <i>trnW</i>-<i>trnF</i> and <i>trnP</i>-<i>trnQ</i>. The Ka/Ks values of all 13 PCGs were lower than 1, suggesting that these protein-coding genes as a whole may be subject to purifying selection. Phylogenetic analyses based on <i>cytb</i> and concatenated sequences of the 13 PCGs revealed a close relationship between <i>S. boulengeri</i> and <i>Scutiger liupanensis</i>. Further analysis based on the 13 PCGs dataset suggested that these two species may form a sister group and, together with <i>Scutiger ningshanensis</i>, constitute a closely related clade. Divergence time estimation indicated that the divergence between <i>S. ningshanensis</i> and the clade comprising <i>S. boulengeri</i> and <i>S. liupanensis</i> occurred approximately 5.96 MYA, whereas the recent divergence between <i>S. boulengeri</i> and <i>S. liupanensis</i> occurred approximately 2.10 MYA. These divergence time estimates correspond to the timescale of regional environmental changes during the Pliocene/Pleistocene. In summary, the mitochondrial genome of <i>S. boulengeri</i> exhibits characteristics of structural expansion coexisting with functional conservation. This study provides complete mitochondrial genome data for the Tibetan spiny toad and offers fundamental molecular evidence for investigating molecular evolution and conservation genetics of amphibians in the southeastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau region.</p>","PeriodicalId":24051,"journal":{"name":"ZooKeys","volume":"1293 ","pages":"17-44"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Trimma charon</i>, a new species of pygmygoby (Teleostei, Gobiidae) from the Red Sea with a key to the Red Sea species of the genus.","authors":"Viktor N Peinemann, Sergey V Bogorodsky, Matthew D Tietbohl Talas, Michael L Berumen","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.1293.204097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1293.204097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Trimma charon</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. is described based on two specimens collected at 30 m depth from the northern Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: predorsal midline with scales; fifth pelvic-fin ray unbranched and 41-43% length of the fourth ray; cheek and opercle scaleless; 14 pectoral-fin rays, all unbranched; dorsal fins VI + I,8, with no elongate spines; anal-fin I,8; bony interorbital width 55-62% of pupil diameter; and 6 papillae in row c. In life, <i>T. charon</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. is translucent with a distinct, broad, orange-red midlateral stripe extending from the eye to the caudal-fin base and interrupted by three narrow pale bars, and with conspicuous golden spots on the caudal fin that extend onto the caudal peduncle; the iris is divided into four uneven white/orange sectors. The species is known from two specimens collected at the entrance of a cave on a steep outer-reef slope. <i>Trimma charon</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. was compared with congeners, especially with the very similar <i>T. anaima</i> and co-occurring Red Sea species. An illustrated dichotomous key to all <i>Trimma</i> currently known from the Red Sea is provided. With the description of <i>T. charon</i> <b>sp. nov</b>., the number of valid species in the Red Sea rises to 11.</p>","PeriodicalId":24051,"journal":{"name":"ZooKeys","volume":"1293 ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One new obligate commensal species of <i>Coenaletes</i> (Collembola, Coenaletidae) from the hermit crab <i>Coenobita compressus</i> (Crustacea, Coenobitidae) from Colombia.","authors":"Angela Arango, Margarita Ojeda, Francisco Serna, José G Palacios-Vargas","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.1293.206618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1293.206618","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new species of <i>Coenaletes</i> associated with the hermit crab <i>Coenobita compressus</i> H. Milne-Edwards, 1836, living in shells of <i>Tegula atra</i> Lesson, 1830 (Gastropoda: Tegulidae) on the seashores of Chocó, Colombia, is described and illustrated. The ontogenetic development, including measurements and ventral setation from first instar to adult, is provided. A key for the identification of the three species known in the genus is included.</p>","PeriodicalId":24051,"journal":{"name":"ZooKeys","volume":"1293 ","pages":"79-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631554/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Construction of a COI DNA barcode reference library for non-volant terrestrial mammals of Taiwan, with notes on the effects of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts) on molecular identification.","authors":"Yen-Jean Chen, Yi-Lun Chiang, Meng-Jou Chi, Shih-Wei Chang, Nian-Hong Jang-Liaw","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.1293.190114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1293.190114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DNA barcoding using mitochondrial COI is widely applied for animal species identification, but its accuracy in mammals can be affected by uneven sampling, sequence artefacts, and nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts). In this study, we established a voucher-linked COI DNA barcode reference library for non-volant terrestrial mammals of Taiwan and evaluated its identification performance and potential limitations using the BOLD workbench, Barcode Index Number (BIN) assignments, barcode gap analyses, and comparisons with public sequence data. A total of 157 newly generated COI sequences were obtained, representing seven orders, 16 families, 37 genera and 48 species. Among the 48 sampled taxa, 15 (31.25%) had no COI barcode record available in BOLD before this study; therefore, the deposition of the present library increasing BOLD coverage for the sampled taxa from 68.8% to 100%. In the original BOLD project dataset, 145 of the 157 sequences were assigned to 49 BINs. To evaluate whether the observed barcode patterns were robust for broader sampling, 75 public Taiwanese mammalian COI sequences were incorporated into an expanded Taiwan dataset of 232 sequences. Barcode-gap and Neighbor-Joining analyses showed that 45 of the 48 taxa retained positive barcode gaps after public sequences were added, supporting the utility of COI barcodes for identifying most non-volant terrestrial mammals in Taiwan. Three taxa, <i>Mogera insularis</i>, <i>M. kanoana</i>, and <i>Petaurista grandis</i>, showed negative barcode gaps and/or split clustering patterns and were therefore highlighted for further investigation. In addition, all three newly generated <i>Rattus tanezumi</i> sequences were flagged as putative numts based on anomalous placement and full-length sequence inspection. Our results further emphasize the importance of integrating specimen traceability, functional sequence checks, comparisons with public data, distance-based analyses, and cautious interpretation of BIN results in mammalian DNA barcoding research.</p>","PeriodicalId":24051,"journal":{"name":"ZooKeys","volume":"1293 ","pages":"45-77"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13631552/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three species of Encyrtidae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea) from Mongolia, with descriptions of two new species.","authors":"Boyu Zou, Huanji Liu, Byambasuren Mijidsuren, Yanzhou Zhang","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.1292.187191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1292.187191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two species, <i>Trechnites bulgani</i> Zou & Zhang, <b>sp. nov</b>. and <i>Helegonatopus arkhangaiensis</i> Zou & Zhang, <b>sp. nov</b>. are described as new to science. <i>Psyllaephagus tamaricicola</i> Myartseva is recorded from Mongolia for the first time. A diagnosis or a description, figures of the characters, as well as the known distribution of each species, are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":24051,"journal":{"name":"ZooKeys","volume":"1292 ","pages":"373-383"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First records of the genera <i>Mariaplax</i> Rahayu & Ng, 2014 and <i>Hexapinus</i> Manning & Holthuis, 1981 from India, with descriptions of three new species (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Hexapodidae).","authors":"Mani Prema, Sherine Sonia Cubelio, Peter K L Ng","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.1292.204005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1292.204005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three new brachyuran crab species of Hexapodidae are described from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, based on material collected by FORV Sagar Sampada between 2015 and 2019, with the genera <i>Mariaplax</i> Rahayu & Ng, 2014, and <i>Hexapinus</i> Manning & Holthuis, 1981, reported from Indian waters for the first time. <i>Mariaplax kochazhi</i> <b>sp. nov</b>., and <i>M. albucus</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. were collected from the Arabian Sea at a depth 30 m while <i>Hexapinus clivus</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. was collected from the Bay of Bengal. <i>Mariaplax kochazhi</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. is most similar to <i>M. granulifera</i> (Campbell & Stephensen, 1970) from Australia but can be distinguished by its proportionately wider carapace with the surfaces possessing larger granules, the pterygostomial region smooth with 5-7 striae, a rectangular ischium and more granulated merus of the third maxilliped, a subpentagonal male pleon telson, and a strongly curved S-shaped male first gonopod with a rounded distal tip. <i>Mariaplax albucus</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. is similar to <i>M. sundaica</i> Rahayu & Widyastuti, 2018, from Java, but can easily be differentiated by a carapace that is as long as wide, a pterygostomial region that has 6 oblique striae, a relatively shorter and stouter P4 merus (4.0 times wider than long) and the distinctive structure of the vulva. In the latter species, the vulval operculum cover differs markedly from <i>M. kochazhi</i>, which is simple, rounded, and lacks a cover. <i>Hexapinus clivus</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. is morphologically close to the widely distributed <i>H. simplex</i> Rahayu & Ng, 2014, from the West Pacific, but it can easily be differentiated by the weaker granulation on the carapace surface; possession of a relatively shorter and stouter P4 merus (2.5 times as long as wide); a proportionately wider male thoracic sternum, with the fused sternites 1 and 2 being subtriangular and the lateral margins gently sloping; and the semilunate vulva elevated and protruded, and positioned adjacent to the suture between sternites 5 and 6.</p>","PeriodicalId":24051,"journal":{"name":"ZooKeys","volume":"1292 ","pages":"349-372"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13628174/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two new remarkable genera of Oriental Pentastirini (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cixiidae).","authors":"Bence Péter Schlitt, András Orosz","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.1292.206598","DOIUrl":"10.3897/zookeys.1292.206598","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we describe two new genera and three new species in the planthopper tribe Pentastirini Emeljanov, 1971 (Hemiptera: Cixiidae: Pentastirinae) from Southeast Asia. The genus <i>Pteroprocessus</i> <b>gen. nov</b>. is established for <i>Pteroprocessus nabhitabhatai</i> <b>gen. et sp. nov</b>. from Trang Province, Thailand, along with the description of <i>Pteroprocessus obscurinervis</i> <b>gen. et sp. nov</b>. from Yunnan Province, China. <i>Indolipa binghami</i> (Distant, 1911) is transferred to the newly established genus based on external morphological homologies and the new combination <i>Pteroprocessus binghami</i> (Distant, 1911) <b>gen. et comb. nov</b>. is proposed. In addition, a new genus, <i>Philippinarus</i> <b>gen. nov</b>. is proposed for <i>Philippinarus granulatus</i> (Muir, 1924) <b>gen. et comb. nov</b>., and a second species, <i>Philippinarus tarandiformis</i> <b>gen. et sp. nov</b>. is described from the Philippines.</p>","PeriodicalId":24051,"journal":{"name":"ZooKeys","volume":"1292 ","pages":"327-347"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13620815/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149082069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species groups and identification key to Chinese <i>Temnothorax</i> ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) with descriptions of four new species from Shennongjia National Park.","authors":"Fangchao Deng, Jingyuan Yang, Zhenghui Xu","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.1292.180703","DOIUrl":"10.3897/zookeys.1292.180703","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The myrmicine ant genus <i>Temnothorax</i> Mayr, 1861 is highly diverse in China; however, its fauna remained inadequately studied until recently. During the 2023 Background Resources Survey Project in Shennongjia National Park, four new species of this genus were discovered and are herein described as <i>Temnothorax shennongi</i> <b>sp. nov</b>., <i>T. hubeiensis</i> <b>sp. nov</b>., <i>T. zhaojunae</i> <b>sp. nov</b>., and <i>T. wangweii</i> <b>sp. nov</b>. To date, a total of 66 species of <i>Temnothorax</i> have been documented in China. To facilitate precise identification and differentiation of these species, a checklist of all known Chinese species of the genus was compiled, sorted into 20 species groups, and a diagnosis for each group is provided. Additionally, a revised identification key for the worker caste of the 66 species based on the species groups is presented. This study not only increases the number of known <i>Temnothorax</i> species in China but also systematizes the taxonomic knowledge of the genus.</p>","PeriodicalId":24051,"journal":{"name":"ZooKeys","volume":"1292 ","pages":"293-325"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Ekueitermes alerosinus</i>, a new genus and species of soldierless termite from Colombia (Isoptera, Termitidae, Apicotermitinae).","authors":"Ervin H Duran-Bautista, Fernando Celis-Daza, Nasly S Poveda Quezada, Fausto A Ortiz-Morea, Rudolf H Scheffrahn, Daniel Castro","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.1292.195853","DOIUrl":"10.3897/zookeys.1292.195853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A new genus and species of soldierless termite, <i>Ekueitermes alerosinus</i> <b>gen. et sp. nov</b>., is described from Colombia based on morphological and molecular evidence. The diagnostic characters for the new taxon are a mixed segment with a short, non-inflated mesenteric tongue, a very short and tubular P1, a well-differentiated tubular enteric valve seating, and an enteric valve armature with six cushions armed with 7-17 sclerotised spines arranged in a palmate shape and polygonal scales. Furthermore, Bayesian inference and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis using concatenated COI and 16S genes, including other Neotropical Apicotermitinae genera described to date, supports the new genus as a distinct terminal and the sister group to <i>Disjunctitermes insularis</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":24051,"journal":{"name":"ZooKeys","volume":"1292 ","pages":"275-292"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13615400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Complete mitochondrial genomes of two Evacanthini species (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Evacanthinae) with phylogenetic implications.","authors":"Yihan Li, Lina Jiang, Sai Jiang, Yihong Guo, Ran Li, Jichun Xing, Bin Zhang, Yujian Li","doi":"10.3897/zookeys.1292.197902","DOIUrl":"10.3897/zookeys.1292.197902","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The leafhopper tribe Evacanthini, a core lineage within the morphologically diverse subfamily Evacanthinae, provides key insight into the classification, evolutionary history, and molecular evolution of this group. We sequenced and annotated the complete mitochondrial genomes of <i>Taperus fasciatus</i> Li & Wang, 1994 and <i>Onukia</i> sp. and reconstructed phylogenetic relationships using a concatenated dataset comprising 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) with maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The dataset included 38 Evacanthini species and two outgroups from Nirvanini, clarifying the phylogenetic positions of each species and enriching genomic resources for the tribe. Meanwhile, to further test the genus <i>Onukia</i> Matsumura, 1912 for non-monophyly as suggested by Wang et al. (2017), we constructed an additional ML tree based on partial <i>cox1</i> sequences from 36 species. The results confirmed that <i>Onukia</i> is non-monophyletic, with its species scattered across multiple branches rather than forming a single cohesive clade. These findings support the monophyly of Evacanthini while revealing complex evolutionary relationships within <i>Onukia</i>, providing robust molecular evidence for future studies on systematics, taxonomy, and evolution of this agriculturally significant group.</p>","PeriodicalId":24051,"journal":{"name":"ZooKeys","volume":"1292 ","pages":"243-260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2026-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13613080/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149064562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}