REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas最新文献_第2页

The use of agile methodologies and their contribution to innovation of the business model: a study of multiple cases in the context of incubators and startups 敏捷方法的使用及其对商业模式创新的贡献:对孵化器和初创企业背景下多个案例的研究

REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas Pub Date : 2022-10-05 DOI: 10.14211/ibjesb.e2170

Patrick Mota, André Luiz Barbosa da Silva, Ricardo Limongi

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the Global Entrepreneurship Index validity 全球创业指数效度评估

REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas Pub Date : 2022-09-22 DOI: 10.14211/ibjesb.e2050

Eduardo Avancci Dionisio, D. Silva, Ruy Quadros Carvalho, Edmundo Inácio Júnior

{"title":"Evaluation of the Global Entrepreneurship Index validity","authors":"Eduardo Avancci Dionisio, D. Silva, Ruy Quadros Carvalho, Edmundo Inácio Júnior","doi":"10.14211/ibjesb.e2050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14211/ibjesb.e2050","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: our objective is to assess whether the Global Entrepreneurship Index (GEI) is a valid methodology for measuring the national systems of entrepreneurship. Theoretical framework: we use the structural equation modeling (SEM) as a theoretical lens to evaluate the Global Entrepreneurship Index. Design/methodology/approach: to achieve the research objective, we perform structural equation modeling to measure the formative model of GEI, using the SmartPLS 3.0 software, in order to verify the convergent validity of the constructs; the collinearity of indicators and their relevance for measuring entrepreneurship. Findings: the results obtained show that the sub-indices and indicators are adequate to measure entrepreneurship. However, we identified that there is a need to replace the micro-level components of the opportunity perception and networking indicators which provide distorted results of what is understood as productive or high impact entrepreneurship. Research, practical and social implications: the main contributions of our study are directed to the indicators’ developers. We suggest the use of components that capture aspects associated with high-impact or technology-based entrepreneurship instead of any attempt to create a new business, as our results indicate that generic components provide short-sighted results on the state of entrepreneurship, hampering comparative studies at the country-level. Originality/value: although the GEI is based on the OECD recommendations for the construction of composite indicators (indices), we have not identified any studies (not even performed by the GEI developers) on the validity of the index as a methodology for measuring entrepreneurship.","PeriodicalId":240271,"journal":{"name":"REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133312114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The evolution of the local innovation agents (ALI) program methodology and its contribution to the innovation management at Medicatriz Dermocosmetics 本地创新代理人(ALI)项目方法论的演变及其对美帝翠斯化妆品公司创新管理的贡献

REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas Pub Date : 2022-09-21 DOI: 10.14211/ibjesb.e2078

Lívia Luize Marengo, Allan Nunes Soares, Henrique Rafael da Silva Romão, Davi Lucas Arruda de Araújo, Silvia Novaes Zilber

{"title":"The evolution of the local innovation agents (ALI) program methodology and its contribution to the innovation management at Medicatriz Dermocosmetics","authors":"Lívia Luize Marengo, Allan Nunes Soares, Henrique Rafael da Silva Romão, Davi Lucas Arruda de Araújo, Silvia Novaes Zilber","doi":"10.14211/ibjesb.e2078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14211/ibjesb.e2078","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: evaluate the influence of participation in cycles of the ALI Program in the innovative ambience of Medicatriz Dermocosmetics from 2013 to 2020. Investigated context: the basis of the ALI Program methodology was defined by eight premises: concrete results; use of indicators; results for Sebrae and the innovation ecosystem; involvement of the company's team; collective construction of solutions; tools; companies motivated to innovate; and ALI as a facilitator to overcome the dilemma of having a good creative potential, but without converting into innovations that provide increased sales. Intervention: adopt mechanisms to solve the diagnosed problems, some interventions of open innovation, co-creation, branding, ethnographic research, current customer, and employee satisfaction were proposed for each cycle of participation. Results: in the first cycle, eleven new products were launched using nanotechnology and sensory transversality; in the second, there was a sub-category of customers and humanized projects for customers, employees, and social circles; in the third, remodeling of workshops, creation of paid courses, school visits, supervised internship, and advanced support; and in the fourth, a model for recognizing employees was created. Conclusion: the promotion of the continued practice of innovation actions in small companies and contributions to Medicatriz permeated the four dimensions of innovation. The company understands that investment in human development increases the chances of organizations becoming productive and engaging for their employees, suppliers, and customers.","PeriodicalId":240271,"journal":{"name":"REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130748980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Forms of capital, innovation capability and innovation in nascent ventures 资本形式、创新能力和初创企业的创新

REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.14211/ibjesb.e1952

Daniel do Prado Pagotto, Cândido Vieira Borges Júnior, Marcos Inácio Severo de Almeida, V. Hoffmann

{"title":"Forms of capital, innovation capability and innovation in nascent ventures","authors":"Daniel do Prado Pagotto, Cândido Vieira Borges Júnior, Marcos Inácio Severo de Almeida, V. Hoffmann","doi":"10.14211/ibjesb.e1952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14211/ibjesb.e1952","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Investigate the impact of human, social, and financial capital on the variation of innovation capability of nascent ventures over time. Methodology/design: Quantitative research, developed using a longitudinal secondary database (Panel Study of Entrepreneurship Dynamics 2 -PSED 2). Multiple linear regression technique was used to test the research hypothesis. Main results: Among all types of capital analyzed in the study, level of education, personal finances, and physical social capital were determinantof the nascent ventures’ capability of developing innovation over time. Innovation capability influenced the creation of innovation, as well. Theoretical/methodological contributions: Considering the longitudinal design, the research presents which types of capital are relevant along time for nascent ventures to develop innovation capabilities. Relevance/originality: From the methodological perspective, the research has a longitudinal design, as suggested by entrepreneurship and innovation capability scholars since both phenomena are process oriented. It also differentiates innovation and innovation capability, which are two constructs used interchangeably by research, although being different. Social/management contributions: The results contribute to qualify which resources of a company in its initial phase have greater potential for generating long-term innovation.","PeriodicalId":240271,"journal":{"name":"REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124483153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Educação empreendedora no ensino básico: identificando desafios a partir de uma análise bibliométrica e da revisão sistemática 基础教育中的创业教育:从文献计量分析和系统综述中识别挑战

REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas Pub Date : 2022-09-11 DOI: 10.14211/ibjesb.e2032

Agair Juliete Cavalcante Carvalho, Rúbia Oliveira Corrêa, G. Carvalho, M. Olave

{"title":"Educação empreendedora no ensino básico: identificando desafios a partir de uma análise bibliométrica e da revisão sistemática","authors":"Agair Juliete Cavalcante Carvalho, Rúbia Oliveira Corrêa, G. Carvalho, M. Olave","doi":"10.14211/ibjesb.e2032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14211/ibjesb.e2032","url":null,"abstract":"Objetivo: Este estudo se propôs analisar a produção científica disposta na base de dados Web of Science acerca do tema “educação empreendedora”, atentando-se para os desafios da atuação do empreendedorismo na Educação Básica. Metodologia: O estudo foi dividido em duas partes, na primeira, de natureza quantitativa, por meio da técnica de bibliometria, foram analisados os indicadores relacionados a tipo de documento, autores, quantidade de citações e nacionalidade dos autores. Já na segunda parte, de natureza qualitativa, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, após aplicação do método Proknow-C e seleção dos artigos mais relevantes, devidamente descritos e deles extraídos os desafios supracitados. Principais resultados: O quantitativo de estudos encontrados com essa abordagem educacional é baixo, principalmente a nível nacional e geralmente são realizados sob a análise de casos isolados, específicos de uma instituição ou região. O papel da gestão escolar e a preparação dos professores são alguns exemplos dos desafios identificados após revisão sistemática. Contribuições teórico-metodológicas: Por meio do portfólio literário, após aplicação do método Proknow-C, pode-se identificar a complexidade e heterogeneidade, listados como desafios da aplicação da abordagem empreendedora nas instituições de ensino da Educação Básica. Relevância/originalidade: Este estudo expõe como está ocorrendo o desenvolvimento de pesquisas da educação empreendedora nas escolas de educação básica, bem como os desafios encontrados para a implementação e desenvolvimento dessa abordagem educacional. Contribuições sociais/para a gestão: Para a implementação e desenvolvimento do empreendedorismo na Educação Básica é necessária a integração das esferas políticas, empresariais, educacionais, familiares e o apoio da sociedade em geral.","PeriodicalId":240271,"journal":{"name":"REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126703696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Entrepreneurial behavior and education in times of adversity 逆境中的创业行为与教育

REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.14211/ibjesb.e2040

A. Rocha, Gisela Consolmagno Pelegrini, G. Moraes

{"title":"Entrepreneurial behavior and education in times of adversity","authors":"A. Rocha, Gisela Consolmagno Pelegrini, G. Moraes","doi":"10.14211/ibjesb.e2040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14211/ibjesb.e2040","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The goal of this research is to identify whether the Coronavirus pandemic has influenced students’ entrepreneurial behavior and perceived university support in a public university in Brazil. Methodology: This study used Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to assess the survey answered by 508 Business Administration students. Findings: Results reassured the positive relationship amongst Perceived University Support, Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy. Considering students’ perceptions of such elements prior and during the confinement, the relationship amongst Perceived University Support, Entrepreneurial Intention and Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy did not present significant changes. Originality: This study contributes to the discussion of lockdowns and quarantines repercussions in entrepreneurial behavior and education, since this period has brought uncertainties in economic, social and health scenarios. This period of instability also raises discussions concerning technological resources and related initiatives, highlighting a necessity of innovative ideas and solutions. Moreover, these results may also offer support for professors and pedagogical staff in the disciplines remake and university environments. Social/management contributions: The discussion around lockdowns and quarantines repercussions is broaden, especially in the field of entrepreneurship. Educational institutions have the opportunity to invest even more in the university environment to support entrepreneurship, preparing the student for the opportunities and new scenarios that will arise and that will be necessary for the economic recovery.","PeriodicalId":240271,"journal":{"name":"REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132519949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Association between satisfaction and performance in franchise networks: a study from the perspective of correspondence analysis 特许经营网络满意度与绩效的关系:基于对应分析视角的研究

REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas Pub Date : 2022-09-09 DOI: 10.14211/ibjesb.e2187

Thalia Rodrigues Viana, A. Azevedo, R. Pereira

{"title":"Association between satisfaction and performance in franchise networks: a study from the perspective of correspondence analysis","authors":"Thalia Rodrigues Viana, A. Azevedo, R. Pereira","doi":"10.14211/ibjesb.e2187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14211/ibjesb.e2187","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to analyze the associative relationship between the performance of franchise networks and the level of satisfaction of franchisees, under the hypothesis that the level of satisfaction of franchisees has a positive association with the performance of the network. Methodology/approach: operationally, descriptive and documentary research with a quantitative approach was carried out in 106 Brazilian franchise networks from 12 different sectors comprising 20,261 franchised units. The data, referring to the fiscal year 2019, were compiled from yearbooks edited and audited by the Brazilian Franchising Association and Serasa Experian (PEGN). The categorical variables used in the research were: (i) network performance, (ii) franchisee satisfaction, (iii) network age, (iv) network size, and (v) franchise rate. Main results: through descriptive statistics and application of the exploratory technique of Correspondence Analysis, the study results confirm that the franchisee's satisfaction has a positive association with the network performance. Theoretical/ methodological contributions: these results contribute to the robustness of scientific research on franchising, specifically in the field of study on the relationship between franchisor and franchisee. Relevance/originality: this study empirically validates an association proposed in the literature involving satisfaction and performance in the context of franchises. Social/management contributions: this study also offers managerial input by reinforcing the importance of franchisors supporting their franchisees.","PeriodicalId":240271,"journal":{"name":"REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124009857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Undertaking a business or not? Which is the best option? Analysis of the entrepreneurial intention profile of employees of startups and information technology companies in Rio Grande do Sul 创业与否?哪个是最好的选择?南里奥格兰德州初创企业和信息技术公司员工创业意向分析

REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.14211/ibjesb.e1899

Júlia Gabriele Lima da Rosa, C. Fleck

{"title":"Undertaking a business or not? Which is the best option? Analysis of the entrepreneurial intention profile of employees of startups and information technology companies in Rio Grande do Sul","authors":"Júlia Gabriele Lima da Rosa, C. Fleck","doi":"10.14211/ibjesb.e1899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14211/ibjesb.e1899","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to investigate the entrepreneurial intention profile of the employees of startups and small companies in the technology segment of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, when they working to an organization.\u0000Methodology: descriptive research, using a quantitative approach, using the survey method. The data collection instrument was the questionnaire, based on the model by Kristiansen & Indarti (2004).\u0000Findings: the results demonstrate that more than 60% of the respondents intend to undertake, especially when perceiving themselves as a desired professional in the job market.\u0000Theoretical contributions: the study contributes theoretically to studies of entrepreneurial intent in Brazil, mainly because it provides a view outside the sphere of higher education institutions, the setting for most of the studies already published. \u0000Originality: when conducting a survey of data on Startups and Small Companies in the Technology segment, in the State of Rio Grande de Sul, it was found a small number of employees involved in the operations of these businesses, but with a good percentage interested in undertaking.\u0000Contributions to management: the study contributes to the advance of management in the sectors of startups and the technology area of Rio Grande do Sul, by identifying that incentive work and skills development can generate new business partnerships within the startups themselves, generating growth and competitive potential.","PeriodicalId":240271,"journal":{"name":"REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128879688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Is entrepreneurship an emerging area of research? A computational response 创业是一个新兴的研究领域吗?计算响应

REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.14211/ibjesb.e1742

Roney Fraga Souza, R. Ballini, José Maria Ferreira Jardim Silveira, A. Teixeira

{"title":"Is entrepreneurship an emerging area of research? A computational response","authors":"Roney Fraga Souza, R. Ballini, José Maria Ferreira Jardim Silveira, A. Teixeira","doi":"10.14211/ibjesb.e1742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14211/ibjesb.e1742","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: We aim to answer four questions. First, with the increasing number of publications, is there a concentration in specific subjects, or on the contrary, a dispersion, amplifying the span of themes related to entrepreneurship? Second, is there a hierarchy of subjects, in the sense that some of them constitute the “core” of entrepreneurship? Third, are they connected with other established research areas? Finally, it is possible to identify papers that are influential, acting as hubs in the cluster’s formation? Method: We developed an original version of the computational procedure proposed by Shibata et al (2008), which allows us to understand the diversity of the different sub-areas of the topic investigated, reducing the need for specialist supervision. Originality / Relevance: We developed and applied a method to capture the formation and evolution of research areas in entrepreneurship literature, via direct citation networks, allowing us to understand the iteration between the different research sub-areas. Results: The dispersion is a feature of entrepreneurship as field research, with a hierarchy between research areas, indicating an emergent organization in the expansion processes. We concluded that research on entrepreneurship consists of specialization, that is, by application in niches.","PeriodicalId":240271,"journal":{"name":"REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125935457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Entrepreneurship and innovation in informal productive enterprises: Development of process innovation in a floral arrangement company 非正式生产企业的创业与创新:一家插花公司流程创新的发展

REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.14211/ibjesb.e1985

Rafael de Almeida Martarello, Débora Ferro

{"title":"Entrepreneurship and innovation in informal productive enterprises: Development of process innovation in a floral arrangement company","authors":"Rafael de Almeida Martarello, Débora Ferro","doi":"10.14211/ibjesb.e1985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14211/ibjesb.e1985","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: reporting a process innovation in an informal productive enterprise, inserted in the field of parties, ceremonies and events décor, involving floral arrangements. \u0000Methodology: qualitative-descriptive study, with information being obtained through documentary research and case study. \u0000Originality/Relevance: this study analyzes an informal productive business, whose practice improvement was conducted based on technological resources. It is relevant because there are only few studies dedicated to technological development, and that thematize the most frequent type of productive enterprise in Brazil. \u0000Findings: the process innovation that was conducted has enabled a greater productive efficiency, as well as health, safety and hygiene in the workplace, since it has reduced costs and manufacturing time; and it has eliminated unnecessary procedures that result from the manual method. \u0000Theoretical/Methodological Implications: the innovation, developed and described heading from the theories and methodological approach used, in addition to promoting improvement in the ability of adapting to different customer demands, has added an element to the process innovation effects foreseen by Oslo Manual. \u0000Social Implications: in parallel to the operational results pointed out, the academic activity has enabled the improvement of economic enterprise that belong to settings and groups in social disadvantage.","PeriodicalId":240271,"journal":{"name":"REGEPE - Revista de Empreendedorismo e Gestão de Pequenas Empresas","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128283066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0