Alberta Academic Review最新文献

{"title":"Transgenerational effects of ancestral prenatal stress on the gut-brain axis","authors":"Crystal Mulik, H. Scott, Douglas Inglis, T. Montina, G. Metz","doi":"10.29173/aar109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/aar109","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of ancestral prenatal stress can propagate across generations to alter the well-being of directly and indirectly exposed descendants via epigenetic mechanisms. Prenatal stress has been shown to alter the function of the gut-brain axis, a bi-directional signaling pathway between the gut microbiome and the enteric and central nervous systems. There has been no study investigating the impact of remote prenatal stress in ancestors on the gut-microbiome connection. Here we investigated if exposure to transgenerational ancestral stress affects the gut-brain axis through changes in the microbiome and microbiota. A multigenerational rat cohort consisting of a F0, F1, F2, and F3 generation was utilized in this study. Pregnant dams in the F0 generation were exposed to repeated restraint stress and overnight social isolation from gestational days 12-18. Breeding of three successive generations occurred in the absence of gestational stress along with a lineage of yoked controls. Fecal collection occurred for males and female in each generation at the age of 30 days, 90 days, and 115 days. Fecal samples were analyzed using 1H-NMR spectroscopy to examine the metabolome. The data are being analysed using supervised and unsupervised machine learning approaches. The data are expected to reveal that the fecal metabolome is characteristically altered by ancestral prenatal stress in each generation, resulting in a biomarker signature that is linked to the behavioural phenotype. We predict changes in the gut metabolome and microbiome to be most significant in the F3 generation. These findings could lead to further understanding of intestinal dysbiosis and its impact on the brain, and sex-specific metabolic biomarkers that are predictive of stress-associated adverse health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":239812,"journal":{"name":"Alberta Academic Review","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123667871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the impact of Connect 2 Care on the residential stability of homeless and vulnerably housed clients","authors":"Kyle Dewsnap, H. Kamran, K. Rondeau, A. Polachek, Gabriel E. Fabreau, K. McBrien","doi":"10.29173/aar107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/aar107","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Certain kinds of housing instability, such as foreclosure and homelessness, have been associated with poorer physical and mental health. The Connect 2 Care (C2C) program targets medically complex individuals who are unstably housed, primarily aimed at reducing acute care utilization and connecting clients to appropriate community-based care. However, because housing status is a fundamental determinant of health, the team also assists clients in finding permanent housing. As the C2C program aims to improve the health of its clients, we hope that this intervention positively impacts the housing stability of clients. \u0000Objective \u0000To determine whether the C2C program is effective in reducing factors of housing instability, such as the frequency of housing moves made, and time spent in unstable housing (such as shelters or sleeping outside). \u0000Methods \u0000C2C clients were asked to participate in 6- and 12- month follow-up surveys with a member of the research team. During both surveys, participants were prompted to describe their housing history using the Residential Time-Line Follow-Back (rTLFB) inventory. Starting at six months prior to their intake into C2C, participants created a twelve- to eighteen-month timeline that detailed their residential locations and number of housing transitions. Location descriptions provided by clients were categorized as stable, temporary, institutional, or literal homelessness. The number of housing transitions and the proportion of time spent in each housing category were then calculated for each individual. Changes in proportion of time spent over three unique time periods were evaluated using Wilcoxon’s paired rank test with Holm’s multiplicity correction. \u0000Results \u0000Since September 2018, housing data was collected from 100 unique clients. In comparing the six months preceding C2C intake with the six-to-twelve months after C2C intake, significant reductions in the amount of time spent in literal homelessness (p < 0.001) and reductions in the number of housing changes (p = 0.014) were observed. \u0000Discussion \u0000Housing stability for C2C clients improved after enrolment in the program. This study was potentially limited by incomplete sampling of the C2C population. Based on our findings, further research should be conducted in evaluating the relationship between increases in housing stability and increases of health status. \u0000Acknowledgements \u0000The C2C research team thanks Alberta Innovates and the Canadian Institute of Health Research for their financial support. The authors have no conflict of interests to state.","PeriodicalId":239812,"journal":{"name":"Alberta Academic Review","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114360066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of an ICU-specific, electronic medical summary tool against traditional dictation to reduce communication gaps during ICU-to-inpatient transitions-in-care","authors":"Mungunzul Amarbayan, Liam Whalen-Browne, R. Brundin-Mather, Devika Kashyap, K. Sauro, A. Soo, J. Leigh, T. Stelfox","doi":"10.29173/aar82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/aar82","url":null,"abstract":"  \u0000Background: Transition from the intensive care unit (ICU) to an inpatient unit is a vulnerable period where communication gaps between medical teams may be associated with preventable adverse events. The transition-in-care (TIC) summary encompasses essential clinical information and facilitates seamless continuity of patient care between sending and receiving healthcare teams. Yet, current dictation practices often produce summaries of suboptimal quality that result in delayed or incomplete information. An electronic TIC summary tool, an alternative method to dictation, standardizes information, which may ensure more timely and complete communication to reduce information breakdowns and delays. \u0000Objective: In order to standardize information communicated during ICU-to-inpatient transitions, an ICU-specific, electronic TIC summary tool was implemented in four adult ICUs in the Calgary zone. It is hypothesized that implementation of the electronic summary will improve completeness and timelines of TIC summaries.  \u0000Methods: A multiple baseline study design was used to evaluate the implementation of the electronic TIC summary. ICUs continued dictation practices for a baseline period, until the electronic tool was implemented sequentially (in a randomized order) to each ICU and evaluated for six months following implementation. Post-implementation, providers had the option to dictate or use the electronic summary. The primary outcome was a binary measure of both completeness of four critical elements and availability of the TIC summary at ICU release. \u0000Results: Preliminary results were obtained for two months of baseline (n=48) and post-implementation (n=48) from one ICU. Post-implementation summaries contained four critical elements and were more frequently available at ICU transfer than pre-implementation dictations (73% versus 2%, p<0.001). More post implementation summaries contained completion of essential information (median 88% versus 63%, p<0.001) and had greater availability during transition (90% versus 73%, p=0.04) than pre-implementation dictations. With data collection scheduled to end in June 2019, we anticipate full study results to be available fall 2019. \u0000Conclusions: Preliminary results post-implementation suggest greater completion and faster availability for the receiving clinicians. It is anticipated that full study findings will add to the current literature on the effect of computerized tools for reducing communication gaps between ICU and inpatient units during transitions-in-care to ultimately improve patient safety.","PeriodicalId":239812,"journal":{"name":"Alberta Academic Review","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115354912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family Yoga For Self-Esteem and Stronger Caregiver-Child Relationships","authors":"Julia Wilson, A. Mcluckie","doi":"10.29173/aar100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/aar100","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Children’s participation in yoga is becoming more widespread as a practice to promote physical health and psychological well-being. Previous research of yoga programs for children indicate that children respond well to yoga-based interventions and are receptive to the therapeutic benefits, both physical and emotional. There is extensive research examining the benefits of children’s yoga, however there is a paucity of research examining the potential benefits of family yoga. Objective: In this study the relationship with the primary caregiver is utilized in order to engage children and their caregivers in yoga and other mindfulness-based activities together. The purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness of a Family Yoga program to increase children’s self-esteem and enhance caregiver-child relationships. Self-esteem and close caregiver-child relationships are strong indicators of mental wellness for children and families. As there is minimal professional intervention required for children and their caregivers to practice yoga together it is a resource worth further investigation in regards to mental wellness. Methods: For the Family Yoga program children between the ages of 7 and 9 participate in a 60-minute yoga class with their primary caregiver once a week for an eight-week period. N = 13 child; N=13 caregiver; Child Age M=8.  Quantitative results are analyzed using a paired t-test to examine changes in the child’s self-esteem and the strength of the caregiver-child relationship, using both caregiver reported and child reported measures pre and post intervention. Qualitative results are analyzed using content analysis to examine the perceived benefits of the intervention from the perspective of the participants. Results: Quantitative results show a statistically significant increase in children’s self-esteem and closeness in the relationship with their primary caregiver. In the qualitative results, caregivers identified enhanced closeness in the relationship with their child, confidence of their child developing and benefiting from the opportunity to know their child better. Conclusion: The quantitative and qualitative results suggest that the Family Yoga may improve children’s self-esteem and enhance closeness in the caregiver-child relationship, leading to prospective improvements in the mental well-being of children and families.","PeriodicalId":239812,"journal":{"name":"Alberta Academic Review","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131966052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using participatory research to explore the oral health awareness of junior and senior high students at L.Y. Cairns School","authors":"K. Ho, Ilona Kaliszuk, Barbara Gitzel, L. Keenan","doi":"10.29173/aar81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/aar81","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. Vulnerable populations, such as school-aged adolescents with mild cognitive disabilities, can be partners in the creation of interactive learning tools. Objectives. This participatory qualitative study involved teachers and school-aged adolescents in the creation of artwork that answered 4 questions:  1) What does a healthy mouth look like? 2) What does an unhealthy mouth look like? 3) What foods keep your teeth healthy?, and 4) What are some healthy teeth habits? Methods/Results. Three teachers and their 33 students provided artwork that depicted their answers to the 4 questions, and written descriptions. The researchers coded the artwork individually and grouped the data into 4 major categories: Healthy vs. unhealthy (yellow teeth, pain); Lifestyle (no smoking, visiting the dentist), healthy habits (brushing, flossing); and Foods and Nutrition (fruits and vegetables - to eat, soda pops and pizza - to avoid). A four-minute-long video featuring animations of the students’ artwork was created professionally to showcase their knowledge and facilitate an interactive learning tool. Conclusion. Co-learning between researchers and participants fostered positive, collaborative learning within the community. Significance. This study provided insights into an effective strategy for creating oral health education tools for the learners, by the learners. The video presentation will be used by dental hygiene students to engage vulnerable populations in a discussion about oral health. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":239812,"journal":{"name":"Alberta Academic Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127701980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"pARTicipate: Art as Self-Expression for Persons with Aphasia","authors":"Roujan Khaledan, Heather Tomlinson","doi":"10.29173/aar99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/aar99","url":null,"abstract":"Background \u0000Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder resulting from a stroke or traumatic brain injury. Persons with Aphasia (PWA) have deficits in language comprehension and expression. Loss of communicative functions can be isolating for PWA as they may face barriers to accessing community-based leisure programs. Aphasia-friendly materials, visuals and simple written or oral instructions, can reduce such barriers and support communicative access. \u0000Objective  \u0000The pARTicipate project is a student-initiated art group that was piloted with the aim of encouraging PWA to trial an art class in a communicatively accessible and low-risk environment, as part of an outpatient rehabilitation program. By using a life participation approach for aphasia, this project aimed to promote participants’ discovery, or rediscovery, of a hobby.  \u0000Methods \u0000Four PWA completed six art projects over 9 weeks. Communicative access was enhanced by using aphasia-friendly instructions and demonstrations to teach the projects. Participants showcased their projects and taught their skills to family and community members on the final “Share Day”.  \u0000Results \u0000Qualitative and quantitative data was gathered from satisfaction surveys. One hundred percent of the participants indicated that they enjoyed sharing their art with the community, and that they would join the group again if it was offered. Additionally, all participants indicated they would be likely to continue exploring art in the future.  \u0000Conclusions \u0000It is expected that the skills learned by PWAs in pARTicipate may help increase their confidence about participating in other community-based art classes. As well, continuing to use these skills may help participants develop a sense of belonging to the artistic community. By learning to incorporate personal symbols, PWA can be deliberate in their use of art for self-expression in the future. Finally, PWA were empowered to assume a leadership role during “Share Day”. Having the opportunity to teach newly acquired artistic skills to their family and community members promoted positive feelings about the self and served to reveal their cometencies.  \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":239812,"journal":{"name":"Alberta Academic Review","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129906627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Correlates of Sleep Disturbance in Symptomatic Youth","authors":"Dominique Bonneville, Jacqueline Stowkowy, Kali Brummitt, B. Goldstein, G. MacQueen, J. Addington","doi":"10.29173/aar103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/aar103","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleep disturbances are common across many mental health disorders, with evidence suggesting a bidirectional relationship. Furthermore, there is evidence of a significant association between sleep disruption and worse symptomology in disorders such as anxiety, depression, and psychosis. Additionally, research has demonstrated the negative impact of stress and stressful life events on psychiatric illness progression. However, little is known about possible links between sleep disturbance and these psychiatric symptoms, ongoing stress, stressful life events and functioning, especially in adolescence and early adulthood, a time when many mental illnesses first begin. Exploring these relationships may allow for a better understanding of the role sleep disruption plays in the early stages of illness. Objective: The objective of this study is to investigate potential correlates of sleep disturbance in youth experiencing subthreshold psychiatric symptoms. Methods: This study included 160 youth, ages 12 to 25 who were help seeking due to experiencing distress, mild symptoms of anxiety or depression, and/or attenuated syndromes such as clinical high risk for psychosis. Youth meeting criteria for full psychiatric diagnoses were excluded. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to assess sleep disruption. A range of clinical symptoms were assessed using the Scale for Assessment of Psychosis-Risk Symptoms, The Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item Scale. Current stress was assessed with the Daily Stress Inventory, and the K10 Distress Scale. Past history of major stress was measured with a Childhood Trauma and Abuse Scale, and the Life Events scale. Fourthly, functioning was assessed with the Global Functioning Scale: Social and Role. Results: Global sleep quality was most highly realted to subthreshold symptoms of anxiety (r=0.425, p<0.01), depression (r=0.420, p<0.01), and disorganized symptoms of psychosis (r=0.232, p<0.05). Additionally, global sleep was related to total distress (r=0.356, p<0.01), daily stress (r=0.268, p<0.01), and stressful life events (r=0.291, p<0.01). Social functioning did not reveal any significant correlations with sleep, however, role functioning (r=0.170, p<0.05) did exhibit a relationship with global sleep quality. Finally, bullying (r=0.196, p<0.05) and trauma (r=0.266, p<0.01) were significantly correlated with global sleep quality scores. Conclusion: This study provides early evidence for the interaction that sleep disruption may have with stress, trauma, bullying, and subthreshold psychiatric symptomology in youth. Further research is required to increase the understanding of these relationships early on in youth psychiatric illness progression.","PeriodicalId":239812,"journal":{"name":"Alberta Academic Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125406221","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ageing, urban marginality, and health in Ghana","authors":"Dominic A. Alaazi, D. Menon, Tania Stafinski, G. Jhangri, Joshua Evans, S. Hodgins","doi":"10.29173/aar102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/aar102","url":null,"abstract":"The world’s population is rapidly ageing. Global estimates for the next three decades indicate a two-fold increase in the population of older adults aged ≥60 years. Nearly 80% of this growth will occur in low and middle-income countries in Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where population health is already under threat from poverty, degraded environments, and deficient healthcare systems. Although the world’s poorest region, sub-Saharan Africa, ironically, will witness the fastest growth in older populations, rising by 64% over the next 15 years. Indications are that the majority of this population will live in resource-poor settings, characterized by deficient housing and neighbourhood conditions. Yet, very little research has systematically examined the health and wellbeing of older adults in such settings. Drawing on the ecological theory of ageing, the present study explores the living conditions and quality of life of elderly slum dwellers in Ghana, a sub-Saharan African country with a growing population of older adults. Data collection was undertaken in two phases in two environmentally contrasting neighbourhoods in Accra, Ghana. In Phase 1, we carried out a cross-sectional survey of older adults in a slum community (n = 302) and a non-slum neighbourhood (n = 301), using the World Health Organization quality of life assessment tool (WHOQoL-BREF). The survey data were complemented in Phase 2 with qualitative interviews involving a sample of community dwelling older adults (N = 30), health service providers (N = 5), community leaders (N = 2), and policymakers (N = 5). Preliminary analysis of the survey data revealed statistically significant differences in the social and environment domains of quality of life, while the qualitative data identified multiple health barriers and facilitators in the two neighbourhoods. Insights from the research are expected to inform health and social interventions for older slum dwellers in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":239812,"journal":{"name":"Alberta Academic Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127663335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On-unit CT measures as tools for artificial intelligence to identify random vs. systematic anatomical changes in radiotherapy patients","authors":"Nabhya Harjai, S. Weppler, Craig A. Beers, L. Dyke, C. Schinkel, W. Smith, H. Quon","doi":"10.29173/aar98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/aar98","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although head and neck (H&N) cancer survival is steadily increasing, the close proximity of tumor volumes to organs at risk (OARs) makes radiotherapy planning and delivery challenging for these patients. Changes in patient anatomy (i.e. weight-loss, tumor shrinkage) over 7 weeks of daily radiotherapy may result in increased dosages of radiation to OARs relative to the original treatment plan, consequently hindering post-treatment quality of life. Artificial intelligence-based approaches can improve prediction and monitoring of these effects through identification of systematic changes. \u0000Objective: To collect and perform an analysis of on-unit CT measurements as surrogate measures of dose changes. Correlations among CT measures may indicate random vs. systematic changes in dose deposition (i.e. dosimetry) and further improve artificial intelligence-based approaches that determine which patients benefit most from treatment re-planning. \u0000Methods: 250 H&N cancer patients treated with curative chemo-radiotherapy were retrospectively analyzed. Five CT measures including face and neck diameter, chin and shoulder position, and head shift were calculated motivated by current literature. Dosimetric changes were calculated for OARs (pharyngeal constrictor, brainstem, parotid and submandibular glands) and tumour volumes. Conventional correlation analysis and hierarchical clustering were performed to assess group-wise correlations. K-medoid clustering and principal components analysis were conducted to infer groupings of the patients as random or systematic. \u0000Results: There is a positive correlation between increased dosages to central-axis anatomical structures (spinal cord, pharyngeal constrictor, submandibular glands) and systematic weight-loss effects (change in BMI and weight loss through the face and neck). In line with current literature, clustering indicated that 30.4% of the cohort exhibited systematic anatomical changes, potentially correctable by re-planning. MANOVA confirmed that the systematic anatomical changes corresponded to the spinal cord and brain stem (p<0.005), and Mann-Whitney U tests confirmed that the measures could identify systematic dose increases to the pharyngeal constrictor (p<0.05). Further statistical analyses will be conducted. \u0000Conclusions: On-unit CT measures appear to be able to distinguish random and systematic dosimetric effects, correlated with changes in dose as expected. These measures can be utilized to improve artificial intelligence-based patient monitoring and intervention techniques.","PeriodicalId":239812,"journal":{"name":"Alberta Academic Review","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126990736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Describing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to improve recognition","authors":"C. Picard, Zhou Yun, M. Douma","doi":"10.29173/aar90","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29173/aar90","url":null,"abstract":"Introductions \u0000  \u0000Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OOHCA) often go untreated by lay-rescuers. One barrier to response is poor recognition. This study’s purpose is to describe OOHCA using publicly available videos. \u0000  \u0000Materials and Methods \u0000  \u000026 of the internet’s most popular video-hosting and social media platforms were consecutively searched in English and Chinese August 3rd to January 20th, 2018 until each site returned 100 consecutive unrelated videos. \u0000  \u0000Video inclusion required: i) medium to high definition video quality (>360p and >10 frames per second), ii) that cardiac arrest be confirmed from two sources (i.e. news, social media, etc.), iii) 100% reviewer agreement on pre-arrest and post-arrest signs, and iv) arrest have non-traumatic etiology. \u0000  \u0000Results \u0000  \u0000821 videos were identified; 165 videos met inclusion criteria and underwent content analysis. 68, victims (41%) exhibited pre-arrest signs: 34 (21%) had unsteady gait; 42 (26%) touched their head or neck; and 33 (20%) hip-flexed or squatted prior to collapse. After collapse, 97 (59%) exhibited signs of life such as agonal breathing (71, 43%) or posturing/convulsions (39, 24%). \u0000  \u0000Most common lay-responses were: 38 (28%) victims were shaken, 28 (17%) received chest compression(s), 18 (11%) had their head held, 17 (10%) were unsuccessfully lifted to a standing position, 9 (5%) had their legs raised, and 5 (3%) had an AED applied. \u0000  \u0000Discussion \u0000  \u0000Analysis suggests three times as many victims of cardiac arrest show some signs of life compared to no signs of life, and that bystander response is poor. Publicly available videos offer rich examples of what OOCHA collapse and resuscitation look like and could inform training.","PeriodicalId":239812,"journal":{"name":"Alberta Academic Review","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133599660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}