Urban Research eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Urban Floods on Slum Redevelopment Case of Bhopal","authors":"M. Yadav, K. Dhote, P. Yadav","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3334401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3334401","url":null,"abstract":"The urban poor especially living in slums depend upon the informal sector for their livelihood as they have limited access to formal occupations which compels them to locate into locations which are dangerous and vulnerable to natural disasters. These areas are often near water bodies, marshy lands and low lying areas.It is a proven fact that urban poor is more vulnerable to storm and floods which affect their living badly. Urban floods will also bring other stresses like reduction in fresh water availability, ground water contamination and water borne diseases. Which indirectly creates pressure on government bodies. These factor of occupying vulnerable zone prone to natural disaster poses challenge for rehabilitation of slums. How to prepare these slums for disaster, what are the precautionary measures and how disasters can be avoided is the challenge before planners. The present paper aims at urban floods occurring in slum areas which can affect the life of urban poor and cause loss of lives and property.","PeriodicalId":239768,"journal":{"name":"Urban Research eJournal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128306142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Through the Roof: The High Cost of Barriers to Building New Housing in Canadian Municipalities","authors":"Benjamin Dachis, Vincent Thivierge","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3179859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3179859","url":null,"abstract":"In 2017, Canada’s senior governments spent some $782 billion on program expenditures and interest payments, amounting to 36 percent of gross domestic product. Control of public money is fundamental to democratic government, so it is natural to wonder how much of this activity – and the taxes, fees and borrowing that support it – reflects deliberate choices by voters and legislators. Formal accountability exists. Governments typically present budgets before or shortly after the start of the fiscal year, and budget votes are votes of confidence on which governments stand or fall. Legislatures and their committees play a key role in authorizing many specific expenditures. Governments table their public accounts, which present the audited results for actual revenues and expenses, after the end of the fiscal year. But comparing the expenses and revenues projected in the budgets of Canada’s federal, provincial and territorial governments at the beginning of the year with the results reported in their public accounts after the end of the year reveals that governments routinely miss their budget targets by economically meaningful amounts. More significant, they miss their targets in predictable ways: expenses and revenue typically come in above what the budgets promised. Over the past 15 years, senior governments’ cumulative spending overshoot adds up to $69 billion, with the Prairie Provinces and the Territories showing the biggest overruns. Even larger is the cumulative revenue overshoot: $104 billion. Governments in Canada are spending and taxing far more this year than they would have if they had delivered on their budget commitments. Comparing the annual patterns of overshoots and undershoots over time raises a further concern. Rather than overshoots of expenses coinciding with undershoots of revenue, or vice versa, as would happen if government finances were responding to economic cycles, overshoots on either side of the ledger tend to coincide – which suggests that governments are spending “windfalls” and/or managing the bottom line. Encouragingly, however, the tendency to overshoot and miss budget targets more generally, and the troubling annual patterns, seem to have become less pronounced over the past 15 years. Several steps, including estimates that are more timely and presented in the context of the government’s fiscal plan, a stronger role for legislative committees that authorize spending, and faster and more frequent publication of actual results, could further improve the record. Canada’s senior governments should improve the quality of their budget forecasts and their adherence to those forecasts, and legislators and voters should hold them accountable for doing so.","PeriodicalId":239768,"journal":{"name":"Urban Research eJournal","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126719435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Alberta Electrical Grid: What to Expect in the Next Few Years","authors":"B. Livingston","doi":"10.11575/sppp.v11i0.43162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11575/sppp.v11i0.43162","url":null,"abstract":"The Alberta government has stated that it wants to make significant changes to the supply of electricity to the current electrical grid for the province. These changes include the phasing out of coal generation by 2030, the supply of 30 per cent of electricity from renewables by 2030 and the introduction of a socalled capacity market in addition to the current electrical energy market. The achievement of these objectives will require a number of fundamental changes to the existing electrical grid. This paper provides an overall description of these changes. The paper first examines the current grid structure in which coal and gas provide the base load supply in the amount of 90 per cent of electricity demand, and renewables are a relatively small source of supply for the remaining 10 per cent. It then reviews the current simple energy market in Alberta that uses a single price auction to determine the wholesale price of electricity. The paper then notes that the achievement of these changes will require a large amount of investment in the next 15 years to create new generating capacity that currently does not exist. The Alberta Electric System Operator (AESO) has forecast that by 2032, Alberta will need an additional 7,000 megawatts of gas generation, 5,000 megawatts of wind, 700 megawatts of solar and 350 megawatts of hydro. To put this in context, the Ontario grid currently has 4,213 megawatts of wind (11 per cent of total generating capacity) and 380 megawatts of solar (one per cent of generating capacity). The Alberta government has made two fundamental changes in the electricity market to make this happen. First, it has introduced a Renewable Energy Program (REP) to incent investment in renewables. They asked industry to bid on a 20 year contract for supply of electricity that offered a guaranteed fixed price that was independent of the existing wholesale market. The first round of bidding (REP 1) announced in December 2017 resulted in 600 megawatts of new wind capacity at prices below expectations. No solar proposals were accepted in REP 1, a result that may cause the Alberta government to make new proposals (details still to come) that may permit solar participation. Two new rounds for 2018 (REP 2 for 300 megawatts and REP 3 for 400 megawatts) have requested bids on a similar basis. The one new feature is that REP 2 is limited to investors with an Indigenous equity position of at least 25 per cent. Second, the Alberta government has proposed to introduce a capacity market that would compensate electricity suppliers for merely creating capacity to supply. The capacity market was requested by industry and was announced by the Government of Alberta in November 2016. It is intended to give additional compensation over and above the energy market compensation in order to make it economic for investment in future renewables if the REP guaranteed price structure is terminated, and in future base load and backup gas generation. The paper then desc","PeriodicalId":239768,"journal":{"name":"Urban Research eJournal","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132329442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Shortage of Short Sales: Explaining the Under-Utilization of a Foreclosure Alternative","authors":"Calvin Zhang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3050600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3050600","url":null,"abstract":"The Great Recession led to widespread mortgage defaults, with borrowers resorting to both foreclosures and short sales to resolve their defaults. I first quantify the economic impact of foreclosures relative to short sales by comparing the home price implications of both. After accounting for omitted variable bias, I find that homes selling as short sales transact at 9.2% to 10.5% higher prices on average than those that sell after foreclosure. Short sales also exert smaller negative externalities than foreclosures, with one short sale decreasing nearby property values by 1 percentage point less than a foreclosure. So why weren?t short sales more prevalent? These home price benefits did not increase the prevalence of short sales because free rents during foreclosures caused more borrowers to select foreclosures, even though higher advances led servicers to prefer more short sales. In states with longer foreclosure timelines, the benefits from foreclosures increased for borrowers, so short sales were less utilized. I find that one standard deviation increase in the average length of the foreclosure process decreased the short sale share by 0.35 to 0.45 standard deviation. My results suggest that policies that increase the relative attractiveness of short sales could help stabilize distressed housing markets.","PeriodicalId":239768,"journal":{"name":"Urban Research eJournal","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130391605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Factors Impact on Rural to Urban Migration - A Study","authors":"Rambabu Lavuri","doi":"10.22161/ijreh.2.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22161/ijreh.2.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The study covers the rural villages people, who are coming from rural area to urban, there are no basic industries that will employ the development active labour force, thus prompt to the urban migration to the urban areas in search of job opportunities, business enhancement, quality education and quality medical facilities etc. The present study was an attempt to identify the factors influence on migrants in rural area. The respondents are taken from Hyderabad city, because of many of people migrants from rural, with sample size 110 respondents and tested by percentages, ANOVA, multiple regressions and Factor analysis by using SPSS 20.0 Version. The results of the study shown that major factors like pull and push drivers have impact on migrants respondents whereas decision taken by family members and individual shown positive impact on migrants.","PeriodicalId":239768,"journal":{"name":"Urban Research eJournal","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133275427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial Analysis of Worn-Out Urban Texture in Zanjan City with Emphasis on Livability Approach","authors":"K. Ziyari, Alireza Anbarlou, Heidari Mohamad Taqi, Kamran Yeganegi","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3602623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3602623","url":null,"abstract":"Achieving life viability is considered as one of the strategic goals of sustainable urban development that human beings have been constantly seeking for its quantitative and qualitative promotion during their lifetime. Therefore, it can be said that viability is both a goal and a means of sustainable development. In this regard, the aim of the present paper is to evaluate and measure the viability indicators at the level of the worn- out texture of Zanjan city. To this end, descriptive-analytical method and field survey have been used. Samples were selected using simple random and for the purpose of the study ,the sample size was 38. To analyze the collected data using SPSS software, one-sample T-test and independence spatial analysis (autocorrelation) (Moran analysis) were used. The findings show that the livability status in time-out texture of Zanjan city in terms of statistical population is desirable and acceptable. According to the results, the social index with the score (t = 29.655) has obtained the highest score. Moran analysis also suggests that the lack of livability concentration index unbalanced. the biomagulability index is not balanced. Translation error. In this regard, it can be said that the Debaghlar area with a coefficient of (Z score =1.578629) has the highest rank. After that, the Yeri Balla with a coefficient of (Z score= 1.41092) and Haghverdi with a coefficient of (Z score= 1.301319) are placed in the next ranks.","PeriodicalId":239768,"journal":{"name":"Urban Research eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130334353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experienced and Inherited Disadvantage: A Longitudinal Study of Early Adulthood Neighbourhood Careers of Siblings","authors":"D. Manley, M. van Ham, Lina Hedman","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3129279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3129279","url":null,"abstract":"Longer term exposure to high poverty neighbourhoods can affect individual socio-economic outcomes later in life. Previous research has shown strong path dependence in individual neighbourhood histories. A growing literature shows that the neighbourhood histories of people is linked to the neighbourhoods of their childhood and parental characteristics. To better understand intergenerational transmission of living in deprived neighbourhoods it is important to distinguish between inherited disadvantage (socio-economic position) and contextual disadvantage (environmental context in which children grow up). The objective of this paper is to come to a better understanding of the effects of inherited and contextual disadvantage on the neighbourhood careers of children once they have left the parental home. We use a quasi-experimental family design exploiting sibling relationships, including real sibling pairs, and \"synthetic siblings\" who are used as a control group. Using rich register data from Sweden we find that real siblings live more similar lives in terms of neighbourhood experiences during their independent residential career than synthetic sibling pairs. This difference reduces over time. Real siblings are still less different than synthetic pairs but the difference gets smaller with time, indicating a quicker attenuation of the family effect on residential outcomes than the neighbourhood effect","PeriodicalId":239768,"journal":{"name":"Urban Research eJournal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126201972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Smartphones and Urban Transportation Mode Choice","authors":"Joseph F. Wyer, W. Wilson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2942862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2942862","url":null,"abstract":"The arrival of smartphones has profoundly impacted how commuters make travel decisions. Using travel diary data, we estimate a discrete choice model that identifi es a signi ficant complementarity between smartphones and commuting via public transit. We address potential correlation in unobservables for smartphone ownership and mode choice by making use of excludable variables: mode-specifi c prices, travel times, and the release of the iPhone 4s (the first iPhone featuring Siri). We fi nd that 18% of transit commutes as well as 4.5% of smartphone ownership in the sample can be attributed to this complementarity.","PeriodicalId":239768,"journal":{"name":"Urban Research eJournal","volume":" 40","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113947515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mortgage Finance & Housing Reform: A Historical Context","authors":"R. C. Whalen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3126288","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3126288","url":null,"abstract":"Since the collapse of the U.S. financial markets in 2008, Congress and the policy community have been engaged in a broad-based discussion about the housing market reform, including making significant changes to the operations of government sponsored entities (GSEs) such as Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac and Ginnie Mae, which insure investors against the credit risk of most residential mortgages issued in the US. Over the past decade, the Senate and the House of Representatives have both put forward proposals to alter or eliminate one or more of the GSEs and expand the role of private capital in supporting the housing market, but no proposal has yet gained sufficient political support to pass Congress. Indeed, given the political gulf that exists between the two major political parties, it seems likely that there will be no meaningful housing legislation passed by Congress for years to come. This paper examines the debate over housing financial reform in historical context and then offers some suggests on how to move the debate forward to a conclusion in terms of reforming the GSEs.","PeriodicalId":239768,"journal":{"name":"Urban Research eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133699207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Income on Subjective Well-Being in Later Life: A Case Study of a Government Pension in South Korea","authors":"E. Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3118036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3118036","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives. Despite keen interest among scholars and policy makers, little is known about whether income affects subjective well-being (SWB) in later life, a notoriously difficult question to answer, given the empirical challenge of isolating the effect of income from correlated influences and the possibility of reverse causality. This paper examines the effects of the 2008 introduction of the Basic Old-Age Pension, a noncontributory old-age pension in Korea, on older adults’ life satisfaction. \u0000Methods. This research analyses the 2005, 2007, 2009, and 2011 waves of the Korean Retirement and Income Study and utilizes a difference-in-difference quasi-experimental design. Results. Both the anticipation of the pension in 2007 and its actual provision in 2009 increased older adults’ life satisfaction. However, evidence of the effect in 2011 was much weaker. \u0000Discussion. The additional income from the pension had a positive impact on life satisfaction in later life, suggesting that countries pursuing rapid industrialization should pay careful attention to how the benefits from growth are distributed across generations. However, the effect of a government pension might be short-lived, making it less attractive to governments whose goal is to raise long-term SWB.","PeriodicalId":239768,"journal":{"name":"Urban Research eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126717103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}