Women & Health最新文献

{"title":"Disparities in paid parental leave and sex distribution of leadership in US adult neurology residency programs.","authors":"Wendy Tsai, William Wen, Brendan Tao, Kristine M Chapman, Esther Bui, Muhammad T Khan, Faisal Khosa","doi":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2718291","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2718291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Female medical trainees face significant barriers in balancing career and family. We examined the prevalence of advertised paid parental leave on program websites and whether the sex distribution of departmental and program leadership influences parental leave policymaking in US adult neurology residency programs. The sex of department chairs and program directors and advertised parental leave policies in 174 US adult neurology residency programs were acquired from their respective websites in July 2022. The prevalence of programs with advertised paid parental leave and/or female leadership was calculated. Pearson's chi-squared analyses compared paid parental leave advertisement with the sex of department chairs and program directors. Subgroup analyses were conducted for four geographical regions. Of 174 programs, 18 percent and 41 percent of department chairs and program directors were female, respectively, and 43 percent advertised paid parental leave. There was no association between the sex of department chairs or program directors with advertised paid parental leave. Regional comparisons showed no difference in advertised paid parental leave. We report significant female underrepresentation in academic leadership and the lack of advertised paid parental leave in most US adult neurology residency programs. Future recommendations include advocacy for equitable sex representation in leadership and addressing residency challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":23972,"journal":{"name":"Women & Health","volume":" ","pages":"327-333"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-pregnancy insurance coverage gaps and timing of prenatal care initiation.","authors":"Vanessa A Amabo, Amy Rogers, James L Whiteside, Dmitry Tumin","doi":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2701070","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2701070","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Health insurance coverage is important for accessing prenatal care, yet the association of pre-conception gaps in health insurance coverage with prenatal care initiation is unknown. Experiencing uninsurance before pregnancy could discourage use of preventive care, including prenatal care, due to difficulties with finding a provider, negative experiences with seeking care while uninsured, or medical debt accumulation. We used 2013-2023 data from a longitudinal US panel study to analyze how pre-pregnancy gaps in coverage (part-year uninsurance) and year-round lack of coverage were associated with prenatal care timing and number of visits. Among 556 respondents, 8 percent experienced part-year uninsurance and another 11 percent experienced year-round uninsurance before pregnancy. On multivariable analysis, lack of insurance before pregnancy was not associated with the first prenatal care visit timing, but part-year uninsurance pre-conception was associated with 1.6 more prenatal care visits (95 percent confidence interval: 0.3, 2.9), relative to year-round private insurance before conception. All but one of the respondents with gaps in coverage before pregnancy had obtained some type of insurance by the time of delivery. Gaining health insurance coverage during pregnancy appears to disrupt the association between a history of uninsurance and preventive care use, specifically in the context of initiating and continuing prenatal care.</p>","PeriodicalId":23972,"journal":{"name":"Women & Health","volume":" ","pages":"283-291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pelvic floor symptoms, sexual dysfunction, low back pain, and health-related quality of life among pregnant women: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Verónica Isabel Mejía-Mercado, Asunción Ferri-Morales, Ana Torres-Costoso, Vicente Martinez-Vizcaino, Eva Rodríguez-Gutiérrez, María Esther Suarez-Garcia, Cristina Gallego-Gómez, Claudia Andrea Quezada-Bascuñán, Sergio Núñez de Arenas-Arroyo","doi":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2718288","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2718288","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although lumbopelvic disorders are common during pregnancy, evidence regarding their impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) remains limited. This study therefore aimed to assess the associations between urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence, constipation, sexual dysfunction, low back pain, and HRQoL during pregnancy. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) models and multivariate linear regression analyses were used to examine the associations between these conditions and HRQoL among 375 pregnant women in Nicaragua. Pregnant women with these disorders had significantly poorer HRQoL than those without them. The physical component score was associated with urinary incontinence (β =  -0.22, 95 percent CI: -0.42 to -0.01), constipation (β =  -0.43, 95 percent CI: -0.64 to -0.21), sexual dysfunction (β =  -0.13, 95 percent CI: -0.24 to -0.02) and low back pain (β =  -0.75, 95 percent CI: -1.07 to -0.44). The mental component score was associated with constipation (β =  -0.41, 95 percent CI: -0.61 to -0.21 and sexual dysfunction (β =  -0.13, 95 percent CI: -0.23 to -0.02). In conclusion, this study suggests that urinary incontinence, constipation, sexual dysfunction, and low back pain may be associated with poor physical well-being during pregnancy. Constipation and sexual dysfunction may also be associated with poor mental HRQoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":23972,"journal":{"name":"Women & Health","volume":" ","pages":"334-346"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of domestic violence and its related factors among pregnant women: Systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.","authors":"Ahmad Zwenal, Farag M A Altalbawy, Ulmasov Firdavs, Urazalieva Ilmira, Tilavova Matlab, Atham Jurayev","doi":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2695467","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2695467","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Domestic violence (DV) and gender-based violence (GBV) significantly impact women globally, with severe consequences for maternal and fetal health, especially during pregnancy. Prevalence rates of partner abuse during pregnancy vary widely, ranging from 2 percent to 57 percent. This study aims to assess the overall prevalence and types of DV among pregnant women through a systematic review and meta-analysis.The present study was conducted using a systematic review approach based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A comprehensive search for relevant studies was performed in the Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), ScienceDirect, and Medline databases using keywords related to DV and pregnancy. Following data extraction, the necessary statistical analyses were conducted using the random-effects model and performed with the second version of the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Based on the results obtained from the analysis of 66 studies, the overall prevalence of domestic violence among pregnant women was reported to be 22.5 percent (95 percent confidence interval: 17-29.2 percent). Further subgroup analysis showed that the prevalence of domestic violence in Africa was 32.7 percent (95 percent confidence interval: 24.3-42.4 percent), which was higher than in other continents. Additionally, the results indicated that psychological and physical violence were the most common forms of domestic violence experienced by pregnant women. This meta-analysis revealed a significant prevalence of DV among pregnant women, with notable variations across different regions and types of violence. The findings highlight the impact of DV on maternal mental and physical health, increasing stress levels and the likelihood of adverse behaviors such as poor nutrition and inadequate prenatal care. Given the potential underreporting of DV in many countries, the actual prevalence may be higher than reported. These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions and policy measures to prevent and reduce DV, particularly among pregnant women. This meta-analysis highlights the significant prevalence of DV among pregnant women globally, underscoring the urgent need for targeted interventions to address its psychological, physical, and emotional impact on maternal and fetal health. Therefore, policymakers in the health system must take necessary actions to prevent and reduce the prevalence of DV, particularly among pregnant women.</p>","PeriodicalId":23972,"journal":{"name":"Women & Health","volume":" ","pages":"262-282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148413208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intimate Partner Violence, immigration, acculturation, and depression among Chinese immigrant women: A secondary analysis.","authors":"Yang Li, Jasmine Zeng, Bushra Sabri","doi":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2718289","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2718289","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a widespread public health concern with serious mental health consequences. However, limited research has examined the relationship between IPV and mental health among Chinese immigrant women in the U.S. particularly in relation to broader sociocultural and immigration-related contexts. This study examined how various forms of IPV and immigration- and acculturation-related factors were associated with depression risk among 974 Chinese immigrant women in the U.S. using secondary data analysis. Measures included sociodemographic characteristics, physical, sexual, and emotional IPV, and immigration- and acculturation-related factors (immigration status, nativity, and language and social interaction preferences). Multivariable logistic regression and classification tree analyses were conducted. Emotional abuse was significantly associated with increased risk of depression, while bicultural or predominantly heritage-based social interactions were associated with reduced risk. The classification tree identified women aged ≥28 years with single-cultural social interactions and a history of emotional abuse, especially at risk for depression. Findings underscore the importance of addressing emotional abuse and promoting bicultural social engagement in efforts to reduce depression among Chinese immigrant women. Culturally responsive IPV screening tools and mental health services that support bicultural engagement may improve detection and intervention efforts in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":23972,"journal":{"name":"Women & Health","volume":" ","pages":"313-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Online health information seeking and verification behaviors and eHealth literacy as predictors of ovarian cancer awareness among women.","authors":"Mehtap Temiz, Gülçin Bilgi, Sudenur Aydın, Şermin Yılmaz","doi":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2704068","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2704068","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examined the impact of women's online health information seeking and verification behaviors and eHealth literacy on ovarian cancer awareness. This descriptive, cross-sectional study included 440 women aged 20-65 years attending a public Community Health Center in Türkiye between August 2025 and January 2026. Data were collected using the Online Health Information Seeking and Verification Behavior Scale (OHISVBS), eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS), and Ovarian Cancer Awareness Scale (OCAS). Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression analyses were performed. eHealth literacy was positively associated with symptom recognition (<i>r</i> = 0.305, <i>p</i> < .001) and risk factor recognition (<i>r</i> = 0.303, <i>p</i> < .001). All OHISVBS subdimensions were significantly correlated with both awareness subdimensions (<i>r</i> = 0.230-0.341; <i>p</i> < .001). Hierarchical regression showed that regular gynecological examination and eHealth literacy were independently associated with higher symptom recognition (β = .271 and .168, respectively) and risk factor recognition (β = .311 and .267, respectively). The final models explained 37.1 percent and 35.4 percent of the variance. Strengthening women's digital health literacy and promoting online health information seeking and verification behaviors may improve ovarian cancer awareness and timely healthcare seeking.</p>","PeriodicalId":23972,"journal":{"name":"Women & Health","volume":" ","pages":"292-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148550632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A longitudinal analysis of gendered career trajectories and academic efficiency in North American MD/PhD faculty.","authors":"Stephanie Quon, Marissa Joseph, Faisal Khosa","doi":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2704061","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2704061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gender disparities in academic medicine persist despite increasing women's representation in higher education. Prior research highlights the underrepresentation of women in senior ranks and leadership roles, yet few studies have assessed these disparities using time-adjusted productivity metrics. This study aims to evaluate gender-based differences in academic rank, scholarly productivity, and leadership representation among MD/PhD faculty in North America, accounting for career length and institutional variability. A secondary analysis was conducted on a dataset of 6,149 MD/PhD faculty from 122 accredited North American medical schools. Time-adjusted measures of productivity, H-index per year and citations per year, were calculated. Gender differences in rank, productivity, and leadership were assessed using Mann-Whitney U tests and descriptive statistics. Institutional-level representation of women in leadership roles was also analyzed. Women held significantly lower academic ranks than males and were underrepresented in departmental leadership roles. Despite achieving assistant and full professorships earlier, women were overall less likely to reach these positions. Males exhibited higher time-adjusted H-index and citation rates (<i>p</i> < .0001), with a compounded 3.5-year publication gap. Institutional analysis revealed stark variability: 38 institutions had no women in MD/PhD leadership roles, while fewer than 20 percent achieved gender parity. Gender disparities in academic medicine cannot be explained by productivity alone. Structural barriers, opaque promotion criteria, and institutional cultures continue to impede women's advancement and leadership. Addressing these inequities requires transparent policies, targeted mentorship, equity audits, and inclusive leadership pathways to support a more equitable academic workforce.</p>","PeriodicalId":23972,"journal":{"name":"Women & Health","volume":" ","pages":"305-312"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dealing with article rejection: Listen to the editor.","authors":"Márcia Mendonça Carneiro","doi":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2722450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03630242.2026.2722450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23972,"journal":{"name":"Women & Health","volume":"66 4-5","pages":"259-261"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148832708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The risk of ovarian malignancy algorithm for ovarian cancer in premenopausal and postmenopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Dan Zhong, Jiayan Li, Guanghui Guo","doi":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2667757","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2667757","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the Risk of Ovarian Malignancy Algorithm (ROMA) for distinguishing benign from malignant ovarian tumors, and explore heterogeneity sources with subgroup stratification by menopausal status. A meta-analysis of 27 studies was conducted using a random-effects model to calculate pooled sensitivity, specificity, and SROC AUC; subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed via I² statistics and Deeks' funnel plot; Fagan plots (anchored in GLOBOCAN pre-test probabilities) evaluated clinical utility. Overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of ROMA were 0.87 (95 percent CI: 0.84-0.90) and 0.84 (95 percent CI: 0.81-0.87), with an AUC of 0.92. Subgroup analyses showed stratified performance: premenopausal women had sensitivity 0.83 (95 percent CI: 0.77-0.87) and specificity 0.85 (95 percent CI: 0.82-0.88) (AUC = 0.91), while postmenopausal women had higher sensitivity 0.90 (95 percent CI: 0.88-0.93) and lower specificity 0.82 (95 percent CI: 0.78-0.86) (AUC = 0.94). Meta-regression identified study region, group classification, ROMA cut-off thresholds, and research design as key heterogeneity drivers (I² = 86.48 percent for sensitivity, 96.41 percent for specificity); no significant publication bias was detected (all <i>p</i> > .40). Fagan plots (anchored in GLOBOCAN-derived pre-test probabilities) showed ROMA's stratified clinical utility: positive results elevated post-test probability to 14 percent in postmenopausal women (a more notable uplift than 4 percent in the total population and 1 percent in premenopausal women), while negative results consistently ruled out ovarian cancer risk (post-test probability = 0) across all menopausal cohorts. ROMA is a reliable noninvasive tool for ovarian cancer diagnosis, with superior performance in postmenopausal women. Its value is enhanced in multi-modal workflows (e.g. with TVUS), supporting preoperative risk stratification. Identified heterogeneity highlights the need for standardized ROMA implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23972,"journal":{"name":"Women & Health","volume":" ","pages":"195-211"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147857314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The psychosocial experiences of women diagnosed with PMOS in Trinidad and Tobago: a qualitative inquiry.","authors":"K C Samlal, A Sanguinette, A Hypolite, A Cadoo, A Henry, A Ramsaran, A Ganness, A James, P Rampersadsingh, A Moore, A J Williams","doi":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2687471","DOIUrl":"10.1080/03630242.2026.2687471","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS) is a globally prevalent endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-aged women and associated with numerous long-term health risks. While growing international research on PMOS examines both medical and non-medical aspects of this condition, few studies exist within the Caribbean region, mostly focused on the clinical aspects. Thus, the current study explores the possible psychosocial impacts of women diagnosed with PMOS in Trinidad and Tobago. A qualitative study was conducted with 24 women aged 18-45 years with a physician-confirmed PMOS diagnosis. Participants were recruited through purposive and snowball sampling in April-June 2025. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted both face-to-face and online via Zoom and were thematically analyzed using Dedoose (v.9.0.17). Three key themes emerged from the data: fertility and wellbeing; weight gain and weight stigma; and bodily changes and surveillance. Concerns around fertility were present despite no confirmed infertility diagnosis and were shaped by societal expectations of childbearing and motherhood. Weight gain triggered feelings of guilt, self-blame, and personal failure, compounded by weight stigma from family, healthcare providers, and professional colleagues. Also, bodily changes including hirsutism, acne and hyperpigmentation led to negative social reactions and increased body surveillance. Across all themes, psychosocial impacts were shaped by social interactions grounded in gendered cultural norms surrounding femininity and womanhood. Therefore, there is the need for a more holistic approach to PMOS care and management that moves beyond addressing clinical features and includes measures that address the psychologically and socially produced experiences associated with the condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":23972,"journal":{"name":"Women & Health","volume":" ","pages":"246-257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148259489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}