中华口腔医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"[Oral-gut axis: the microbial and immune bridge linking periodontitis to inflammatory bowel disease].","authors":"Z Y Gu, J Cao, W J Hu, R F Lu, G Yang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260202-00083","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260202-00083","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontitis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are common chronic inflammatory diseases affecting the oral cavity and gut, respectively. Recent researches suggest a potential bidirectional link between them via the oral-gut axis. On one hand, periodontal pathogens, notably <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis,</i> can ectopically colonize the gut, driving and exacerbating intestinal inflammation through mechanisms such as disrupting the gut barrier and inducing helper T cell 17/regulatory T cell imbalance. On the other hand, the systemic inflammatory environment, immune-metabolic disturbances, and oral-specific lesions caused by IBD can significantly increase the risk and severity of periodontal tissue destruction. This review summarizes the current understanding of the microbial and immune mechanisms underlying the interrelationship between periodontitis and IBD. It aims to encourage further validation of causality through longitudinal cohort studies, exploration of microbiome-targeted interventions, and multidisciplinary collaboration, ultimately facilitating the development of integrated prevention and treatment strategies based on the oral-gut axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 7","pages":"1074-1080"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Exploring innovative approaches by Zhu Xitao to promote the modernization and internationalization of Chinese stomatology].","authors":"H F Jie, Y H Shan, Y S Zhou","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251129-00472","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251129-00472","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the mid-20th century, dental education in China was in a critical period of transformation from traditional dentistry to modern stomatological education. Based on archival materials, academic works, memoirs and interview data, this paper systematically sorts out the historical contributions of Zhu Xitao to the construction of stomatology in China. It reconstructs how he systematically advanced the disciplinary construction of stomatology through a four-dimensional strategic framework-\"laying the foundation through educational reform, empowering through interdisciplinary innovation, building academic communities, and expanding international exchanges\"-thereby leading Chinese stomatology through its transformation from tradition to modernization and leap toward internationalization. With forward-looking educational innovation, he consolidated the foundation of talent training and promoted the establishment of textbook systems and teaching models; he activated the endogenous motivation of the discipline through scientific research breakthroughs and took the lead in applying interdisciplinary methods to open up new research fields; he gathered the joint force of the industry by establishing academic organizations and platforms as well as constructed the first nationwide collaborative academic network; he broke the disciplinary barriers through international exchanges and initiated efforts to enhance China's academic discourse power in alignment with global standards. Through his strategic practices with both forward-looking and systematic characteristics, he promoted Chinese stomatology to realize the historic leap from scattered empirical accumulation to a systematic modern discipline, providing historical enlightenment for the development of stomatology in the new era.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 7","pages":"1050-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Digital technology assisted rehabilitation with an adhesive retained auricular prosthesis: a case report].","authors":"X N Yu, J Zhang, S Z Bai, W Zhao, J H Duan, Y M Zhao","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260107-00007","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260107-00007","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 7","pages":"1056-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148377189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Automatic micro-CT pulp cavity image segmentation based on few-shot transfer learning].","authors":"X L Guo, W H Tang, Q K Zhu, Y Zhang, Y Y Lin, W T Fu, J X Li, L Y Meng","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260226-00134","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260226-00134","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To develop a micro-CT pulp cavity image segmentation model based on few-shot transfer learning, enabling efficient and accurate segmentation of the pulp cavity with limited training samples, thereby supporting three-dimensional(3D) anatomical research of the pulp cavity and digital root canal treatment. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Extracted teeth (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;=110) due to pathological reasons were collected from the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, between January 2025 and September 2025. These teeth were scanned using micro-CT. The acquired images were randomly divided (simple random sampling) into a training set (10 teeth), a test set (90 teeth), and an independent test set (10 teeth) at a ratio of 1∶9∶1. 3D pulp cavity images were meticulously annotated by two oral clinicians (attending physicians) to establish the ground truth for segmentation. By introducing a cross-domain adaptation strategy, the natural image segmentation foundation model, segment anything model (SAM), was transferred to the task of pulp cavity image segmentation under the guidance of a limited number of training samples, thereby constructing an automatic micro-CT pulp cavity image segmentation model (PulpSAM). Multi-dimensional quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed to compare the segmentation performance on the pulp cavity (entire pulp cavity, apical 3 mm, and lateral accessory canals) achieved by deep learning models obtained with different numbers of training samples (0, 1, 3, and 10 teeth), i.e., SAM, PulpSAM-1, PulpSAM-3, and PulpSAM-10. These results were also compared with those of the U-Net and nnU-Net models. Additionally, the time required for three methods (manual annotation, fully automated model segmentation, and model segmentation followed by manual refinement) was compared. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Under training sample sizes of 1, 3, and 10 teeth, all PulpSAM models achieved high segmentation performance, with median Dice coefficient, Intersection over Union (IoU), precision, recall, and accuracy all≥92.3%, median 95% Hausdorff distance (95%HD)≤0.04 mm, and median average symmetric surface distance (ASSD) of 0.02 mm. These metrics were significantly superior to those of the SAM model (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.008 3). The pulp cavity volume and relative volume difference (RVD) segmented by each PulpSAM model were significantly smaller than those of the SAM model (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.008 3). Except for ASSD and precision, the other seven segmentation accuracy metrics of PulpSAM-3 were significantly better than those of PulpSAM-1 (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.008 3). Compared with PulpSAM-10, PulpSAM-3 showed significantly higher recall, ASSD, and pulp cavity volume (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.008 3), and significantly lower precision and absolute RVD (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;0.008 3). No statistically significant differences were observed between PulpSAM-3 and PulpSAM-10 in Dice coefficient, IoU, accuracy, or 95%HD (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&gt;0.008 3). Al","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"820-829"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Understanding and comments of the series of uncertain viewpoints on the diagnosis and treatment of AAOMS medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw].","authors":"Y Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20250806-00304","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20250806-00304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article focuses on the series of viewpoints on the prevention and treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw issued by the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (AAOMS), and puts forward several uncertain issues from a clinical perspective. The points of doubt in diagnosis include the definition of drug categories and the threshold of bone exposure duration, as well as the significance of imaging features of bone lesions for diagnostic and treatment decisions. The concerns in terms of prevention include drug risks and disease incidence, tooth extraction and drug holiday, intervention measures promoting bone wound healing and their effectiveness. In terms of treatment, with integration of the author's practical experience, the discussion points focused on the dominant principles of non-surgical treatment, the identification and confirmation of the surgical bone incision boundary, the application of buccal fat pads, chin flaps and submandibular gland transposition, as well as the applicable conditions for permanent repair of fibular transplantation, temporary repair of reconstruction plate bridging, compromise mandibular resection and maxillary sinus opening, etc. The article suggests seeking evidence-based research on the above issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"814-819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Specification for the clinical application of diode laser in dentistry].","authors":"","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251230-00535","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251230-00535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, diode laser has been increasingly utilized in the treatment of oral diseases due to its advantages of minimal invasiveness, precision, and patient comfort. The therapeutic efficacy has been widely recognized both domestically and internationally. However, standardized clinical operating guidelines for the application of diode laser in dentistry have yet to be established in China, which limit practical guidance for clinical use. From April 2024 to November 2025, the Oral Health Branch Association of China Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics led to develop a preliminary draft of guidelines through clinical investigations and literature reviews. National multidisciplinary clinical experts in dentistry were convened to review and revise the guidelines. The document outlines the indications and specific operational requirements for diode laser across various dental subspecialties, aiming to promote standardized clinical application, optimize the therapeutic benefits of laser in oral disease management, and enhance treatment outcomes and patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"753-767"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Progress and existed problems in the fully digital workflow for the implant restorations of the complete edentulous jaw].","authors":"C F Ma","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260409-00229","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260409-00229","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital technologies have been applied to various stages of the implant restorations of the complete edentulous jaw, including preoperative data acquisition of maxillofacial hard and soft tissues, data integration and surgical planning, guided implant surgery, impression taking, and prosthesis fabrication. This has initially established the concept, methods and techniques of the fully digital workflow for implant restorations of the complete edentulous jaw, which helps improve the precision, success rate, efficiency, maintenance, and long-term follow-up of the implant treatment. However, in clinical practice, there remain several unresolved issues in the fully digital workflow. This article will discuss both the progress and existing challenges in the fully digital workflow for implant restorations of the complete edentulous jaw, with a particular focus on current problems and challenges, aiming to provide references for further clinical practice and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"783-790"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Application of artificial intelligence in preoperative planning of dental implants: technical status, clinical validation and future prospects].","authors":"J Jiao, Y Wang, F Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260227-00135","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260227-00135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital technology has become deeply integrated into oral implantology, driving a paradigm shift in clinical practice from \"experience-driven\" to \"precision-guided\". However, current digital planning workflows remain heavily reliant on physicians' personal experience and involve substantial, redundant human-computer interaction. Currently, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in implant planning is transitioning from theoretical exploration to preliminary clinical application, with \"smart digital implantology\" emerging as a pivotal direction for the discipline's development. This paper systematically reviews the current state of AI technologies in data processing, anatomical segmentation, multimodal fusion, and treatment plan generation. Furthermore, it analyzes the challenges regarding commercial translation, algorithm explainability, and clinical validation systems. Finally, the paper proposes evolutionary pathways: such as the construction of explainable AI and multimodal knowledge bases: to provide a reference for the advancement of smart digital oral implantology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"791-797"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Application progress in measurement methods for interdental papilla deficiency].","authors":"Y Zeng, H F Zhou, C Lan, Q M He, L Yang, F H Yan, S Ge","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20250910-00356","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20250910-00356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Currently, there is an increasing demand for the treatment and reconstruction of interproximal papilla defects in the anterior aesthetic zone. However, the lack of standardized measurement methods and indicators for assessing anterior interproximal papilla defects undermines the scientific rigor and accuracy of related research, and hampers comparability across studies. Common measurement methods for interproximal papilla defects include direct periodontal probe measurement, intraoral photographic measurement, and intraoral scanning data measurement. The direct periodontal probe method is simple to perform with low accuracy yet. The intraoral photographic method, which involves taking intraoral images and analyzing with image analysis software, is susceptible to variations in shooting environment, parameter settings, and reference markers. The intraoral scanning data method, which combines intraoral scanning with reverse engineering software, offers advantages such as accuracy, reproducibility, and multi-dimensional assessment. However, it is influenced by scanning precision. This article reviews commonly used measurement methods for anterior interproximal papilla defects in recent years, aiming to provide research insights for relevant researchers and clinicians, promote the application of more accurate measurement methods in evaluating the severity of interproximal papilla defects, and ultimately improve the outcomes of papilla reconstruction procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"910-915"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Intelligent generation of occlusal surface morphology of dental crown using an octree-based diffusion model].","authors":"X H Chai, S T Wei, R J Chen, T M Q Jiang, S Wu, P S Wang, J W Yang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260225-00133","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260225-00133","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; To explore a three-dimensional point cloud completion method based on an octree diffusion model for intelligent generation of personalized dental crown occlusal morphology, and to evaluate the similarity and functional adaptability of the generated crown occlusal surfaces compared with natural teeth. &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; A total of 780 intraoral scan datasets of unilateral maxillary and mandibular second premolars to second molars were selected from the DCPR-GAN database (https://github.com/Sukhum169/DCPR-GAN). The data were obtained from Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology and Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, involving patients aged 35-50 years. Among them, 720 cases were used for model training and 60 for testing. An octree-structured diffusion model was constructed to achieve two stages of three-dimensional crown morphology generation: unconditional generation and mask-conditioned generation. In the unconditional generation stage, Earth mover's distance (EMD) was used as the metric for morphological discrepancy, and the occlusal contact areas of generated crowns (DM-U) were compared with those of natural teeth. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. In the conditional generation stage, clinical intraoral scan data were collected from 12 healthy volunteers at Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology between September 2024 and February 2026, including six males and six females aged 22-24 years. Crowns were generated for the diffusion model generated crown with the mask condition group (DM group) and compared among four groups: natural teeth (NA group), technician-designed crowns (TE group), and automatically generated crowns (AT group). Three-dimensional coordinate deviations and euclidean distance errors of five anatomical landmarks were analyzed. Root mean square error (RMSE) of the three-dimensional surface was calculated using natural teeth as the gold standard. Statistical analysis was performed using the Friedman test. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In the unconditional generation evaluation, EMD results showed a coverage rate of 50.88%, a minimum matching distance (MMD) of 1.74, and a 1-nearest neighbor accuracy (1-NNA) of 0.504, indicating high similarity between generated crowns and natural teeth in feature space. Comparison of occlusal contact area showed no statistically significant difference between the DM and NA groups (χ²=0.75, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.387). In the conditional generation evaluation, the RMSE values for the TE, AT, and DM groups were 0.39 (0.11), 0.37 (0.13), and 0.31 (0.10) mm, respectively, with no significant overall difference among the three groups (χ²=3.50, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;=0.174). &lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The three-dimensional point cloud completion method based on an octree diffusion model can effectively learn the occlusal morphology of natural crowns and achieve personalized reconstruction of crown occlusal surfaces. The generated crown occlusal morphology demonstrated sim","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"839-846"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}