中华口腔医学杂志Pub Date : 2026-06-09DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260130-00072
Y F Pu, J Bai, X T Wang
{"title":"[The teaching effectiveness of the \"Symptom-Disease-Skill\" three-stage step-by-step teaching approach in the standardized training of residents in the dental emergency department].","authors":"Y F Pu, J Bai, X T Wang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260130-00072","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260130-00072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the teaching effectiveness of the \"Symptom-Disease-Skill\" three-stage step-by-step teaching approach in the standardized training of residents in the dental emergency department. <b>Methods:</b> This was a randomized controlled trial.From June 2024 to December 2025, 17 groups (179 residents) undergoing their first rotation in the Emergency Department of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology were selected and randomly assigned to an experimental group (8 groups, 87 residents, receiving step-by-step teaching) and a control group (9 groups, 92 residents, receiving traditional teaching).The \"Symptom-Disease-Skill\" three-stage step-by-step teaching model included:symptom deconstruction, disease deduction and differential diagnosis, and skill integration with progressive practice.The Mini-CEX scale was used at the beginning and end of the rotation to assess residents'competencies in medical history, physical examination, clinical diagnosis, treatment planning, humanistic care, and procedural skills by observing the actual process of managing a typical patient with a toothache. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software, including independent samples <i>t</i>-test, paired <i>t</i>-test, and χ² test. <b>Results:</b> Baseline levels were consistent between the two groups at the start of the rotation. At the end of the rotation, scores in both groups showed significant improvement compared to baseline (<i>P</i><0.001). Intergroup comparison revealed that at the end of the rotation, the experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group in medical history taking (mean difference: -0.35, 95<i>%CI</i>: -0.67 to -0.03, <i>P</i>=0.033), physical examination (mean difference: -0.38, 95<i>%CI</i>: -0.72 to -0.03, <i>P</i>=0.034), clinical diagnosis (mean difference: -0.40, 95<i>%CI</i>: -0.75 to -0.06, <i>P</i>=0.021), and treatment planning (mean difference: -0.40, 95<i>%CI</i>: -0.73 to -0.08, <i>P</i>=0.015). For the clinical treatment, there was no significant difference in the distribution of patient case complexity between the two groups.The procedural skills score of the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group at the end of the rotation (mean difference: -0.44, 95<i>%CI</i>: -0.80 to -0.07, <i>P</i>=0.019). <b>Conclusions:</b> The \"Symptom-Disease-Skill\" three-stage step-by-step teaching model can effectively enhance the comprehensive clinical competency of dental emergency residents. It demonstrates superior effectiveness compared to traditional teaching methods, particularly in the areas of medical history taking, examination, diagnosis, treatment planning, and procedural skills, making it a valuable clinical teaching approach worthy of promotion in dental emergency training.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"886-891"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华口腔医学杂志Pub Date : 2026-06-09DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260215-00120
P Zhou, Y K Song, X Liu, Y H Chu, Y X Xiao, Z Y Xie, Z X Yu, Y Liang, Y Q Lu
{"title":"[A study on the application of an edge-enhanced triple-branch neural network in three-dimensional segmentation of the condyle].","authors":"P Zhou, Y K Song, X Liu, Y H Chu, Y X Xiao, Z Y Xie, Z X Yu, Y Liang, Y Q Lu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260215-00120","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260215-00120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To construct an edge-enhanced triple-branch neural network (T-Net) for automated three-dimensional(3D) segmentation of the mandibular condyle from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, aiming to improve segmentation accuracy. <b>Methods:</b> CBCT images of 354 patients with malocclusion (708 condyles) who attended the Department of Orthodontics, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital, Central South University, from January 2022 to January 2024 were retrospectively collected. The dataset was divided into training (424 condyles), validation (142 condyles), and test (142 condyles) sets in a ratio of 6∶2∶2. The T-Net model was built on a single-encoder and dual-decoder architecture. It introduced an edge decoder supervised by edge information as labels. Through skip connections and feature interaction between the segmentation decoder and the edge decoder, the model's capability to extract contour feature information was effectively enhanced. Manual annotation of all images using 3D Slicer software served as the gold standard. The T-Net model parameters were optimized using the validation set, and its performance was evaluated on the test set and compared with four mainstream models (3D U-Net, Attention U-Net, Swin UNETR, and V-Net). Qualitative and quantitative evaluations were performed using visual segmentation results and metrics such as Dice coefficient, intersection over union (IoU), accuracy, precision, F1-score, sensitivity, and mean absolute error (MAE). <b>Results:</b> The T-Net model achieved precise and complete segmentation of the condyle. Its Dice coefficient (0.976±0.011), IoU (0.953±0.021), accuracy (0.999±0.001), precision (0.979±0.010), sensitivity (0.974±0.019) and F1-score (0.976±0.011) were superior to those of the other four models. Compared with the gold standard, the T-Net model yielded the smallest MAE values for condylar morphological parameters (volume: 550 mm³, surface area: 81 mm², length: 0.473 mm, width: 0.781 mm, height: 1.876 mm). <b>Conclusions:</b> The T-Net model demonstrates excellent performance in the condyle segmentation task, with its metrics significantly outperforming the other four models. The model can accurately extract condylar morphological features from CBCT images to achieve precise segmentation and three-dimensional reconstruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"830-838"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华口腔医学杂志Pub Date : 2026-06-09DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260227-00136
L W Liu, B Yan
{"title":"[From digitalization to embodied intelligence: technological innovation and paradigm shift in clinical stomatology].","authors":"L W Liu, B Yan","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260227-00136","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260227-00136","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the critical stage of digital and intelligent transformation of stomatology, artificial intelligence (AI) technology has shown significant advantages in diagnosis, treatment planning and other fields. However, limited by the nature of disembodied intelligence, the clinical execution end still faces the \"last centimeter\" bottleneck such as weak environmental perception and lack of dynamic interaction. As a new AI paradigm emphasizing the closed loop of \"perception-decision-action\", embodied intelligence provides a new theoretical direction and technical path to break through the execution limitations of existing digital technologies. This paper sorts out the technical core of embodied intelligence and its adaptation logic to oral clinical scenarios. From the perspective of different evaluation dimensions, it compares the conventional medical robot autonomy classification with intelligence-oriented frameworks, and further introduces the embodied intelligence grading system in the context of oral healthcare, systematically describes the development direction of core technologies such as visuo-tactile fusion perception, oral-specific world model, and simulation-to-reality (Sim2Real) simulation training, prospects its application scenarios in subspecialties such as oral implantology, prosthodontics, endodontics, and orthodontics, and puts forward expert suggestions on core issues such as data islands, regulatory ethics, and technical boundaries faced by the current field, so as to provide a reference for the rational development and standardized application of oral embodied intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"768-775"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华口腔医学杂志Pub Date : 2026-06-09DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20250915-00364
W Meng, S C Wu, Z C Song, Z M Man, H X Lu
{"title":"[Data collection and processing considerations in epidemiological studies using the 2018 Case Definition of Periodontitis].","authors":"W Meng, S C Wu, Z C Song, Z M Man, H X Lu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20250915-00364","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20250915-00364","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The classification system for periodontal diseases proposed by the European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) and the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP) in 2018 provides a standardized framework for the diagnosis and classification of periodontitis (the 2018 new classification of periodontal diseases). However, its application in epidemiological studies still faces numerous challenges. In 2024, to address these issues, the new framework for the application of 2018 periodontal status classification scheme to epidemiological survey data (the ACES framework) was formally introduced to accommodate the practical needs for epidemiological investigations. This paper systematically outlines the key points for the standardized application of new classifications in epidemiological studies, focusing on four aspects: case diagnosis, staging, extent and grading description. In terms of case diagnosis, it emphasizes the need to report edentulous and non-classified cases, clarifies the threshold for detectable interproximal clinical attachment loss (CAL), and standardizes the diagnosis of gingivitis. Regarding staging, it provides detailed guidelines for the standardized use of parameters such as CAL, probing depth, furcation involvement, as well as the standardization of data recording for tooth loss due to periodontitis and methods for calculating opposing pairs. For extent description, it specifies the definitions and calculation methods for generalized and localized periodontitis. Regarding grading, this paper highlights the difference between direct and indirect methods for grading assignment. This paper provides a reference for clinicians and researchers on the proper implementation of the new classification in epidemiological studies, enhancing the comparability of results across different studies and promoting the standardized epidemiological research in periodontology.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"807-813"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华口腔医学杂志Pub Date : 2026-06-09DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260203-00091
Z G Li, M L Sun, X Y Guo, L J Qiao, G M Ren, K L Zhang, B P Zhang
{"title":"[Piezo1-mediated mechanosensing accelerates acute inflammatory stress in periodontal tissues following dental trauma].","authors":"Z G Li, M L Sun, X Y Guo, L J Qiao, G M Ren, K L Zhang, B P Zhang","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260203-00091","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260203-00091","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To investigate the potential mechanism by which the mechanically sensitive ion channel protein Piezo1 responds to mechanical pressure to regulate acute inflammatory stress in periodontal tissue following dental trauma. <b>Methods:</b> An inflammatory model of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) was induced using lipopolysaccharide (LPS), followed by the use of a hydrostatic pressure loading system to construct a HGF mechanical stress-inflammation composite model, simulating the mechanical microenvironment of dental trauma. The cell counting kit-8 assay, scratch test, real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and immunofluorescence staining were employed to assess cell viability, migration ability, inflammatory factor expression levels, and cytoskeletal morphology. The Piezo1-specific agonist Yoda1 and inhibitor Dooku1 were used to intervene in the HGF mechanical stress-inflammation composite model to evaluate inflammation-related biological behaviors of cells. Transcriptomics was used to screen the biological mechanisms by which Piezo1-mediated mechanosensation accelerates acute periodontal inflammation after dental trauma, validated by Western blotting assays. <b>Results:</b> A HGF mechanical stress-inflammation composite model was established using 1 g/cm² (1 g/cm<sup>2</sup>=0.01 N/cm<sup>2</sup>) hydrostatic pressure combined with 1 μg/ml LPS. Compared with the control group, cells in the model group showed significantly reduced proliferation and migration abilities, with notable increases in interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, C-C motif chemokine ligand 2, and Piezo1 mRNA expression (<i>P</i><0.05). Treatment of the composite model with 5 μg/ml Yoda1 exacerbated these phenotypes, reducing the proportion of live cells at 48 h to [(37.74±0.97)%] (<i>P</i><0.01) and upregulating inflammatory factor expression (<i>P</i><0.01), while 5 μg/ml Dooku1 reversed these effects, increasing live cells to [(59.49±0.62)%] (<i>P</i><0.01), downregulating inflammatory factor expression, and restoring cell function (<i>P</i><0.05). Transcriptome sequencing indicated that mechanical stress-inflammation stimulation enhanced mechanical stress response and calcium signal release, coordinating the mechanoadaptive inflammatory microenvironment. Western blotting assays confirmed elevated protein expression of Piezo1, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha, matrix metalloproteinase-3, P-AKT1, and CREB1 in the composite model group, further upregulated by Yoda1 and inhibited by Dooku1. <b>Conclusions:</b> Abnormal mechanical forces during dental trauma activate the mechanically sensitive ion channel protein Piezo1, triggering the AKT1/CREB1 signalling pathway, thereby driving overexpression of inflammatory factors, inhibiting cell migration, and ultimately exacerbating periodontal tissue inflammation.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"875-885"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华口腔医学杂志Pub Date : 2026-06-09DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260313-00165
J Zhang, F Zhang, R G Liu, K J Xu, S Z Bai
{"title":"[Application value and positioning of head-mounted displays in oral clinical practice].","authors":"J Zhang, F Zhang, R G Liu, K J Xu, S Z Bai","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260313-00165","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260313-00165","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Digital technologies such as navigation systems and robotics have substantially improved treatment accuracy, but they have also made frequent shifts of the operator's gaze between the surgical field and chairside monitor a routine part of clinical practice, increasing clinicians' physical and cognitive workload. Head-mounted display (HMD) offers a potential means of reducing such visual distraction; however, some currently available systems remain limited by a mismatch between their functional design and clinical needs, as well as by overly generalized use of technical concepts. On the basis of clarifying the boundaries among virtual reality, augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality, and in light of the characteristics of multi-scenario dental practice, this article examines the application positioning of AR-based near-eye information display terminals in oral clinical settings. Such terminals are intended to seamlessly bring key digital information into the clinician's field of view, optimize human-computer interaction, reduce occupational burden, and ultimately improve clinical safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"904-909"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华口腔医学杂志Pub Date : 2026-06-09DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251126-00463
Z X Li, X D Zhou, J Zhou
{"title":"[Evolution and future development of dental unit].","authors":"Z X Li, X D Zhou, J Zhou","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251126-00463","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251126-00463","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The dental unit serves as fundamental equipment for ensuring the quality and efficiency of dental care, as well as the safety of both dentists and patients. Its development over several centuries has been continuously driven by structural and functional innovation, ergonomic optimization, and the pursuit of enhanced clinical efficiency. This review systematically traces the evolutionary trajectory of the dental unit from a simple dental chair to an intelligent, digitally integrated treatment system. By summarizing the key technological advancements throughout its development, this paper aims to provide historical insights and forward-looking perspectives to foster the independent innovation and clinical application of dental medical equipment in China.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"892-897"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华口腔医学杂志Pub Date : 2026-06-09DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260301-00138
R Z Guo, Y J Zhao, Y Wang, W R Li
{"title":"[Digital technology for fabricating a customized U-shape palatal bar for maxillary molar distalization with clear aligner therapy: a case report].","authors":"R Z Guo, Y J Zhao, Y Wang, W R Li","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260301-00138","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260301-00138","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"898-903"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华口腔医学杂志Pub Date : 2026-06-09DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251020-00419
Z W Wu, W Han
{"title":"[Current status and prospects of neoadjuvant therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma].","authors":"Z W Wu, W Han","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251020-00419","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20251020-00419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are typically diagnosed at a locally advanced stage, which correlates with a poor prognosis. Neoadjuvant therapy is employed to reduce tumor burden and induce pathological downstaging, representing a critical strategy to enhance surgical outcomes and survival. Recently, this approach has evolved from conventional induction chemotherapy to include novel modalities such as immunotherapy. Evidence indicates that neoadjuvant immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors administered either as monotherapy or in combination, demonstrate potential efficacy. Nonetheless, further investigation is required to optimize treatment protocols, evaluate safety profiles, and identify the patient subgroups most likely to derive benefit. This review summarizes the current landscape and future directions of neoadjuvant therapy in HNSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"916-922"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
中华口腔医学杂志Pub Date : 2026-06-09DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260206-00101
X J Fu, X Y Wu, S J Qian, J Y Shi, H C Lai, B L Liu
{"title":"[Comparing intraoral scanning and cone beam CT for the assessment of implant position accuracy].","authors":"X J Fu, X Y Wu, S J Qian, J Y Shi, H C Lai, B L Liu","doi":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260206-00101","DOIUrl":"10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20260206-00101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> To compare cone-beam CT (CBCT) and intraoral scanning (IOS) in evaluating dental implant placement accuracy. <b>Methods:</b> This prospective study included patients scheduled for single implant placement at the Department of Oral Implantology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, from December 2024 to June 2025. Preoperative CBCT and IOS data were acquired, and implant positions were virtually planned following a prosthetically driven approach. Implants were placed freehand according to the planned positions. Postoperatively, CBCT and IOS datasets containing the actual implant positions were obtained. Three-dimensional deviations between the planned and actual implant positions were measured using both CBCT-and IOS-based methods, including apex deviation, platform deviation, angular deviation, as well as mesiodistal, buccolingual, and depth deviations at both apex and platform levels. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare differences between the two measurement methods. A linear mixed-effects model was employed to explore factors influencing the discrepancies between the two methods, including the presence of intraoral restorations, simultaneous bone grafting, CBCT image quality, and tooth region (anterior <i>vs</i>. posterior). Consistency was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman analysis. <b>Results:</b> A total of 36 patients (17 males) with a age of (38.2±10.6) years were included. The median apex deviation, platform deviation, and angular deviation measured by CBCT were 1.4 (1.0) mm, 1.2 (0.8) mm, and 5.2° (4.1°), respectively; those measured by IOS were 1.3 (0.7) mm, 1.0 (0.6) mm, and 4.6° (4.3°), respectively. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two methods for any of the three-dimensional deviation parameters (all <i>P</i>>0.05). The ICCs between the two methods were greater than 0.90, indicating good overall consistency. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) for the difference in apex linear deviation (IOS minus CBCT) between two methods ranged from -0.67 mm to 0.67 mm, and for the difference in angular deviation ranged from -2.34° to 2.64°. The mixed-effects model identified the presence of intraoral restorations as a significant factor affecting discrepancies between the two methods in platform depth, apex depth, and apex mesiodistal deviation. <b>Conclusions:</b> IOS and CBCT methods demonstrated comparable accuracy and relatively high consistency in measuring three-dimensional implant placement deviations. However, the 95% limits of agreement for the measurement discrepancies were relatively wide.</p>","PeriodicalId":23965,"journal":{"name":"中华口腔医学杂志","volume":"61 6","pages":"847-853"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148139120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}