Tropical Medicine & International Health最新文献

{"title":"Comment on 'Analysis of Models to Estimate Morbidity Rates of Respiratory Diseases Through Deep Learning'.","authors":"Maajid Mohi Ud Din Malik, Abhay Saraf, Milind P Bhrushundi","doi":"10.1111/tmi.70219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.70219","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814408","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to the Letter \"Comment on Analysis of Models to Estimate Morbidity Rates of Respiratory Diseases Through Deep Learning\".","authors":"Liliane Moreira Nery, Nícholas de Paula Nicomedes, Pedro Camargo, Sidney Alves de Outeiro, Leopoldo Lusquino Filho, Claudio Miceli de Farias, Darllan Collins da Cunha E Silva","doi":"10.1111/tmi.70218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.70218","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148814384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban Persistence of Triatoma infestans: Post-Spraying Reinfestation Dynamics and Evaluation of Alternative Surveillance Tools.","authors":"Sánchez-Casaccia Paz, Nattero Julieta, Romina V Piccinali, Cano-Suarez Florencia, Salvá Liliana, Meli Sergio, Monteiro Magna, Antonieta Rojas de Arias, Ana Laura Carbajal-de-la-Fuente","doi":"10.1111/tmi.70217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.70217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chagas disease has shifted from a predominantly rural infection to an increasingly urban health concern. In the Southern Cone, Triatoma infestans remains the main vector of Trypanosoma cruzi and is frequently detected in Argentine cities, with urban areas of San Juan representing the principal hotspot of active vector-borne transmission. We evaluated post-spraying house-level T. infestans infestation persistence and compared detection by active manual searches (AS) with chemically baited adhesive sensors (CS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study was conducted in the metropolitan area of San Juan, Argentina, where 432 houses were inspected at baseline. Houses with detected triatomines and adjacent houses were sprayed with beta-cypermethrin. Follow-up surveys were performed at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. During the first three surveys, previously infested houses were randomly assigned to either AS or CS detection methods; at 12 months, all houses were reassessed using AS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, 369 T. infestans (adults and nymphs) were detected in 20 houses. After spraying, infestation and abundance declined sharply and remained low over 12 months. Infested houses decreased from 20 to 5, and total abundance from 369 to 6 individuals. Most post-spraying detections were sporadic and low-density. Manual searches were the only method that consistently detected triatomine infestation. Although most highly infested houses showed marked reductions, one exhibited a later increase, and occasional shifts between outdoor and indoor infestation.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that residual spraying can reduce T. infestans infestation in urban settings for at least 1 year, and that active manual searches show a strong operational performance for detecting low-density residual infestations during urban surveillance compared to chemically baited sensors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148798653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Comparative Effectiveness of Vector Control Approaches for Dengue: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Network Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Gary K K Low, Yuling Ke, Emmanuel Samson, Prutha Rane, Olaf Horstick, Carlos Alberto Montenegro-Quiñonez","doi":"10.1111/tmi.70213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.70213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue vector control plays an important role in reducing the burden of dengue infection. Conventional meta-analysis can only include interventions that can be directly compared. Hence, this study aimed to compare the effectiveness of all interventions for dengue vector control directly and indirectly through a multilevel Bayesian network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Cluster randomised controlled trials (cRCTs) and randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Screening and full-text review were performed independently by two reviewers, with resolution by a third reviewer if there was disagreement. Outcomes measured for the included studies considered were entomological indices and epidemiological measures. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used to assess the quality of the studies by two independent reviewers, with a third reviewer to resolve any discrepancies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 48 cRCTs and 13 RCTs were included in this study. The quality of cRCTs and RCTs was overall deemed at high risk of bias except for two studies with low risk of bias. The network meta-analyses and narrative synthesis indicate that most interventions are not significantly superior to one another. Despite the lack of statistically significant results in the network meta-analyses, a standalone intervention appears to be less effective than combined interventions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although most interventions were not found to be significantly superior to one another in the network meta-analyses, it is noteworthy that standalone interventions were shown to be less effective than combined interventions. These results reinforce the importance of promoting integrated, multi-faceted vector control strategies for dengue prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148689963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reported HIV/AIDS Case Rates and COVID-Era Surveillance Disruption in Indonesia, 2010-2024: A National Time-Series Study With 2030 Scenario Analysis.","authors":"Kristian Kalvin Sigalingging","doi":"10.1111/tmi.70216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.70216","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Routine HIV/AIDS surveillance data are central to programme monitoring in low- and middle-income settings, but reported diagnoses are shaped by testing access, service continuity and reporting completeness. Indonesia's annual reports enable reproducible analysis of programme trends.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To describe national reported HIV and AIDS case rates in Indonesia during 2010-2024, quantify COVID-era deviations from pre-pandemic reporting trends and explore transparent 2030 scenarios for reported surveillance indicators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed 15 annual observations (2010-2024) from manually verified Indonesian Ministry of Health reports (Profil Kesehatan Indonesia and national HIV/AIDS and STI programme reports) and official population tables. Reported HIV and AIDS counts were converted to rates per 100,000 population. Ordinary least-squares regression summarised slopes for pre-COVID (2010-2019), COVID disruption (2020-2021) and post-COVID/rebound (2022-2024) periods. A linear counterfactual estimated 2020-2021 reporting deficits, and deterministic scenarios projected reported indicators from the 2024 baseline to 2030.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reported HIV cases increased from 21,591 in 2010 to 63,707 in 2024, and the HIV case rate increased from 9.09 to 22.36 per 100,000 population. Reported AIDS cases increased from 7437 to 21,536, and the AIDS case rate increased from 3.13 to 7.56 per 100,000 population. The COVID counterfactual estimated HIV reporting deficits of 24.0% in 2020 and 37.8% in 2021; corresponding AIDS reporting deficits were 9.0% and 39.3%. Scenario endpoints ranged from 33,857 to 95,963 reported HIV cases and from 11,445 to 56,441 reported AIDS cases.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Indonesia's reported HIV/AIDS case rates changed substantially during 2010-2024, with COVID-era surveillance disruption followed by post-pandemic rebound. The findings provide a reproducible, denominator-adjusted evidence base for strengthening HIV programme monitoring and 2030 planning in Indonesia and comparable health-system settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rhinovirus in Adults With Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: Incidental Carriage or Primary Pathogen? A Comparative Study Across Different Clinical Status Categories.","authors":"Ana Helena Perosa, Klinger S Faico-Filho, Karen Pendeloski, Rodrigo Matheus, Nancy Bellei","doi":"10.1111/tmi.70215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.70215","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rhinovirus (RV) is a recognized respiratory pathogen, but its role in severe lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) in adults remains debated. The aim of the study was to investigate RV in different clinical status categories at Hospital Sao Paulo, a tertiary facility in Sao Paulo, Brazil.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study between January 2023 and August 2025, enrolling 2688 participants: asymptomatic adults (n = 193), adult outpatients with acute respiratory infection (ARI) (n = 1274), hospitalized adults with severe LRTI (n = 809) and hospitalized children with LRTI (n = 412). RV detection was performed by RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RV detection rates were 4.7% in asymptomatic adults, 7.8% in hospitalized adults, 15.6% in adults outpatients and 20.9% in hospitalized children. The detection rate in hospitalized adults was statistically similar to that of asymptomatic adults (ƿ = 0.135), but significantly lower than that of adults outpatients (ƿ < 0.001) and hospitalized children (ƿ < 0.001). Among RV-positive hospitalized adults, 90.5% had underlying comorbidities, with 65.1% presenting immunosuppressive conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In hospitalized adults with LRTI, RV detection rates are comparable to those in asymptomatic individuals, suggesting frequent incidental carriage rather than a primary causal link to severe disease. Conversely, RV is a major pathogen in acute, non-severe community illness in adults and a clearly pathogenic agent in severe LRTI in children.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148680176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Edges of Elimination: Barriers to Malaria Elimination in Tribal and Island Communities of India.","authors":"Nikhat Khan, Addepalli Prem Kumar, Aparup Das","doi":"10.1111/tmi.70214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.70214","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148685885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residency-Based Inequalities in Cervical Cancer Screening in Sub-Saharan Africa.","authors":"Robert Kokou Dowou, Samuel Salu, Janet Ama Takyiwaa, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Blessing Jaka Akombi-Inyang","doi":"10.1111/tmi.70152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study examined the contributions of factors associated with rural-urban disparities in cervical cancer screening uptake in sub-Saharan Africa using a decomposition analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used data from the recent Demographic and Health Surveys conducted in 14 sub-Saharan African countries. A weighted sample of 66,958 women aged 30-49 years was included in our analysis. We used a multivariate nonlinear decomposition model to examine the factors contributing to the rural-urban disparities in cervical cancer screening uptake. The results were presented as differences due to characteristics and coefficients, with their respective coefficients, percentages, and p-values.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The pooled uptake of cervical cancer screening across the 14 countries was 21.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.1-22.2) among urban women and 11.6% (95% CI: 10.9-12.3) among rural women. The decomposition analysis showed that the differences in women's characteristics explained 106.53% of the rural-urban disparity in cervical cancer screening uptake. Factors such as education level, parity, wealth index, and exposure to mass media accounted for most of this disparity. The coefficients component explained the remaining -6.53% of the disparity in cervical cancer screening uptake.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study has shown that disparities between rural and urban areas in cervical cancer screening uptake exist in sub-Saharan Africa, largely driven by educational level, parity, wealth index, and exposure to mass media. Public health strategies must therefore adopt a multifaceted approach: increasing rural access to cervical cancer screening services, tailoring interventions for less educated and socially disadvantaged women, addressing marital and cultural barriers, and using mass media to normalise and promote cervical cancer screening.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148664494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombinant LPG3 Protein From Leishmania chagasi as an Antigen for the Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis.","authors":"Thaís Viana Fialho Martins, Anna Cláudia Alves de Souza, Bianca Meireles Miranda, Ronny Francisco de Souza, Daniel Silva Sena Bastos, Neverton José Silva Ferreira, Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes, Celeste da Silva Freitas de Souza, George Luiz Lins Machado-Coelho, Maria Terezinha Bahia, Leandro Licursi de Oliveira, Juliana Lopes Rangel Fietto, Eduardo de Almeida Marques-da-Silva","doi":"10.1111/tmi.70151","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.70151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a human neglected tropical disease in which dogs participate as reservoirs of the etiological agent Leishmania chagasi. The identification of infected dogs is important to the control of VL, and recombinant proteins are strong antigen candidates for canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) serodiagnosis. In this work, we evaluated the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using the L. chagasi LPG3 recombinant protein (rLPG3) as an antigen for the CVL diagnosis. The tests were performed on 242 serum samples and showed a remarkable 95.71% sensitivity and 87.50% specificity, with cross-reactivity observed in some samples positive for Ehrlichia canis and Trypanosoma cruzi. The performance of the rLPG3-ELISA test was similar to the performance of IFI-CVL and IFI-CVL plus ELISA-CVL Bio-Manguinhos tests, widely used in the diagnosis of CVL in Brazil, and presented better sensitivity results compared to those obtained in rapid tests available for CVL using other antigenic proteins. Further refinement is necessary to minimize the cross-reactivity and enhance the specificity of the test. Studies to discriminate cross-reactive epitopes of rLPG3, particularly those shared with E. canis protein sequences, may help improve diagnostic accuracy by excluding these epitopes from the detection reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"1057-1065"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13432764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147783097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parent-Reported Influenza Vaccination Uptake, Hesitancy and Willingness for In-School Children: Survey Findings From Shenzhen, China With Free Vaccination Services.","authors":"Yucheng Xu, Fangmei Ren, Ruiyin Zhang, Jingjie Fan, Wei Lin","doi":"10.1111/tmi.70158","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.70158","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Understanding parental practices and attitudes towards vaccination is important to promote influenza vaccines among in-school children that can mitigate infection and spread of influenza. This study aimed to investigate influenza vaccination uptake, hesitancy and willingness among parents for their in-school children in the post-pandemic era of COVID-19 in South China.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In April 2023, a cross-sectional survey was conducted to obtain a convenience sample of 3127 in-school children's parents in Shenzhen, China. Information about demographic characteristics, parent's psychological health status, child's health conditions, parent-reported influenza vaccination uptake, hesitancy and willingness among in-school children was collected. Binary logistic regression models were applied to detect parent-level and child-level associated factors of influenza vaccination uptake, hesitancy and willingness among parents.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to 3127 parents' report, the rate of influenza vaccination uptake within the recent 12 months for their in-school children was 57.6%, and 49.2% of parents reported vaccine hesitancy. Among 1326 parents of children who have not yet been vaccinated, 74.2% were willing to vaccinate their children in the future. The most reported obstacle for unwillingness was concerns about vaccine safety and side effects. Parent-level factors associated with parent-reported uptake, hesitancy and willingness of influenza vaccination included gender, education level, employment status, health perceptions (awareness of influenza vaccination and the free policy for students, perceived risk and worry about contracting influenza for the child) and perceived stress. Child-level factors included age, gender, history of previous influenza vaccination and history of vaccine allergy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study suggests that there is considerable room for Chinese parents to increase the uptake of influenza vaccination and eliminate vaccine hesitancy for in-school children. Multi-aspect efforts are needed to increase parental confidence and trust in influenza vaccination, in particular, based on parent-level and child-level associated factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"1115-1127"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13432700/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147821608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}