Tropical Medicine & International Health最新文献

{"title":"The Amazonian snakebite burden: Unveiling seasonal dynamics in a region with tenfold higher incidence compared to the Brazilian average.","authors":"Jorge Emanuel Cordeiro Rocha, Samuel Campos Gomides","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14059","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Accidents caused by snakes constitute a serious public health problem in Latin America and worldwide. The situation in the Brazilian Amazon region is neglected, resulting in the highest incidence of cases per capita in the country. Furthermore, the distance from urban areas makes it difficult for the population to access timely and effective medical care, including antivenom treatment. The Brazilian Amazon is characterised by high ethnic and cultural diversity, yet it lacks robust epidemiological information that would allow for the development of surveillance and prevention policies. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile of individuals affected by snakebite accidents from 2007 to 2021 in a poorly studied region of the Brazilian Amazon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>To assess the relationship between snakebite accidents, rainfall and river flood levels, cross-correlation functions were employed. Data from the public healthcare system database was used for this analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results indicate that the study area experiences a snakebite rate 10 times greater than the Brazilian average and double that of other Amazonian regions. The most affected victims consist of adult males residing in rural areas, with snakebite accidents being more common during the rainy season. Viperid snakes were responsible for most bites, with the lower limbs being the most common location of injury. The data revealed a positive correlation between the number of snakebite accidents both rainfall and fluvial data.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The accident peak coincides with the Brazil nut harvest season, a highly significant forest product for the economy of rural communities. Our data reinforces the need for public policies focused on environmental education and prevention, such as the use of boots and leg guards. These preventive measures have the potential to reduce the number of snakebites accidents by approximately 85%.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"1041-1050"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142677060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution and predictors of drug-resistant tuberculosis incidence in Mozambique: A nationwide Bayesian disease mapping study.","authors":"Nelson Cuboia, Cláudia Mutaquiha, Ivan Manhiça, Benedita José, Marla Amaro, Isabel Pfumo-Cuboia, Luís Nitrogénio, Joana Reis-Pardal, Pereira Zindoga, Aleny Couto, Luís Azevedo","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14060","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Mozambique is among the highest-burden countries for drug-resistant tuberculosis in the world. However, the spatial distribution of drug-resistant tuberculosis, in the country is unknown. Therefore, we aimed to analyse the spatial distribution, predictors, and hotspot districts for drug-resistant tuberculosis incidence in Mozambique.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We carried out an ecological study using the district as the unit of analysis where we included all cases of drug-resistant tuberculosis diagnosed in Mozambique from 2016 to 2020. We obtained the data from the Minister of Health and other open sources. Parameters of interest were estimated through a spatial Bayesian Poisson regression model using Markov Chain Monte Carlo simulation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 5092 people with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Mozambique were diagnosed during our study period. We found heterogeneity in the spatial distribution of drug-resistant tuberculosis incidence across the country. Higher incidence rates were mainly observed in the south and central regions, and 26 (16.9%) districts out of 154 were identified as hotspot areas. The incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis increased with an increase in the HIV prevalence (Relative risk [RR]: 1.53; 95% Credibility Interval [CrI]: 1.32 to 1.76), electricity coverage rate (RR: 1.59; 95% CrI: 1.19 to 2.09), and population density (RR: 1.36; 95% CrI: 1.08 to 1.69) and decreased with an increase in the proportion of people with a bank account per district (RR: 0.71; 95% Crl: 0.51 to 0.96).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis was not homogeneous, and it was associated with social determinants of health. Targeting interventions in hotspot districts and addressing social determinants is crucial for tuberculosis elimination in Mozambique.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"1051-1061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142717319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bridging the gap: Empirical contact matrix data is needed for modelling the transmission of respiratory infections in West Africa.","authors":"Isaac C H Fung, Gerardo Chowell, Gloria A Botchway, Jing Kersey, Joyce Komesuor, Kin On Kwok, Stephen E Moore, Sylvia K Ofori, Frank Baiden","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14063","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14063","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"991-994"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142710832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of scabies: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Saptorshi Gupta, Simon Thornley, Arthur Morris, Gerhard Sundborn, Cameron Grant","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14058","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14058","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Scabies is a neglected skin disease that disproportionately affects people from resource poor and overcrowded countries. Global data on prevalence and risk factors are limited. This article aims to estimate the global burden of scabies and identifies the risks associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Databases (PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Reviews) were accessed to identify studies of scabies prevalence published between 2000 and 2024. Results were pooled to estimate prevalence and identify factors, which explained between-study heterogeneity. Odds ratios (ORs), risk of bias, subgroup analyses and meta-regression were used to describe variation in effect size and heterogeneity based on country-level demographic and economic variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy studies yielded a pooled prevalence of 11.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.60-14.7) with substantial heterogeneity <math> <mrow> <mfenced> <mrow><msup><mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>100</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> <mrow><msup><mi>τ</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.04</mn></mrow> </mfenced> </mrow> </math> . Prevalence was highest in Oceania (17.9%; 95% CI: 13.9-22.8) compared to other regions. Pooled risk factors for scabies showed significant associations for demographic and behavioural factors including contact history with household members with itch (OR 11.3; 95% CI 4.82-26.51; <math> <mrow><msup><mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>96</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> ; n = 7), lack of soap use (OR 3.41; 95% CI: 2.56-4.54; <math><mrow><mspace></mspace> <msup><mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>44</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> ; n = 7), bed-sharing (OR 2.64; 95% CI: 1.50-4.63; <math> <mrow><msup><mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>76</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> ; n = 7), sharing of clothes (OR 2.52; 95% CI: 1.58-4.03; <math> <mrow><msup><mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>85</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> ; n = 7), infrequent bathing (OR 2.13; 95% CI: 1.41-3.22; <math><mrow><mspace></mspace> <msup><mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>77</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> ; n = 6), presence of pets (OR 1.76; 95% CI: 1.08-2.87; <math> <mrow><msup><mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>84</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> ; n = 4) and being a male (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.04-1.37; <math> <mrow><msup><mi>I</mi> <mn>2</mn></msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>83</mn> <mo>%</mo></mrow> </math> ; n = 22). Socioeconomic factors were not convincingly associated with scabies prevalence.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prevalence of scabies is associated with geographic location and behavioural factors, but not between-country socioeconomic status. In addition to mass drug administration, risk factors are identified which may be included in health promotion programmes to reduce scabies prevalence and its sequelae in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"1006-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11613430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142688887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of the evidence for treatment and management of common skin conditions in resource-limited settings: An update.","authors":"Ingrid Amgarth-Duff, Hannah Thomas, Bernadette M Ricciardo, Lorraine Anderson, Mike Stephens, Bart J Currie, Andrew C Steer, Steven Y C Tong, Kristy Crooks, Allison Hempenstall, Artiene Tatian, Rachel Foster, George Kavalam, Tharushi Pallegedara, Kennedy Walls, Asha Bowen","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14047","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The skin is the largest and most visible organ of the human body. As such, skin infections can have a significant impact on overall health, social wellbeing and self-image. In 2019, we published a systematic review of the treatment, prevention and public health control of skin infections including impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies and tinea in resource-limited settings where skin infections are endemic. This current review serves as an update to assess the evidence for treatment of these conditions as well as atopic dermatitis, molluscum contagiosum and head lice in endemic settings. The data from this systematic review have supported an update to the Australian National Healthy Skin guidelines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review was conducted using two separate searches in MEDLINE, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane and Web of Science. The first search was an update of the 2018 systematic review using the same search strategy for the same skin conditions to identify emerging literature from 2018 to 2022. The second search strategy used the same key terms but with the addition of atopic dermatitis, head lice and molluscum contagiosum from 1960 to 2022. Eligible studies included Indigenous peoples and populations in resource-limited settings with a diagnosis of impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies, tinea capitis, atopic dermatitis, molluscum contagiosum or who presented with head lice. Studies conducted in high-income countries were excluded. Articles were screened for inclusion independently by one author with a second group of reviewers independently double screening. Data extraction and an in-depth quality assessment conducted by one author and checked by two others.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 1466 original articles identified, 68 studies were included and key findings outlined for impetigo, scabies, crusted scabies, atopic dermatitis, head lice and molluscum contagiosum. Recommendations for each condition based on the available evidence are provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The importance of assessing literature relevant to the populations with heavy burden of skin infections is outlined in this systematic review. We have summarised updates to this literature, which may benefit in developing guidelines for skin infection management similar to the National Healthy Skin Guidelines for Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"923-950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of digital chest radiography for childhood tuberculosis diagnosis at district hospital level in six high tuberculosis burden and resources limited countries.","authors":"Bernard Fortune Melingui, Joshi Basant, Jean Voisin Taguebue, Douglas Mbang Massom, Etienne Leroy Terquem, Pierre Yves Norval, Angelica Salomao, Bunnet Dim, Chhen Eap Tek, Laurence Borand, Celso Khosa, Raoul Moh, Juliet Mwanga-Amumpere, Mao Tan Eang, Ivan Manhiça, Ayeshatu Mustapha, Eric Balestre, Samuel Beneteau, Eric Wobudeya, Olivier Marcy, Joanna Orne-Gliemann, Maryline Bonnet","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14053","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Chest x-ray (CXR) plays an important role in childhood tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis, but access to quality CXR remains a major challenge in resource-limited settings. Digital CXR (d-CXR) can solve some image quality issues and facilitate their transfer for quality control. We assess the implementation of introducing d-CXR in 12 district hospitals (DHs) in 2021-2022 across Cambodia, Cameroon, Ivory Coast, Mozambique, Sierra Leone and Uganda as part of the TB-speed decentralisation study on childhood TB diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For digitisation of CXR, digital radiography (DR) plates were setup on existing analogue radiography devices. d-CXR were transferred to an international server at Bordeaux University and downloaded by sites' clinicians for interpretation. We assessed the uptake and performance of CXR services and health care workers' (HCW) perceptions of d-CXR implementation. We used a convergent mixed method approach utilising process data, individual interviews with 113 HCWs involved in performing or interpreting d-CXRs and site support supervision reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 3104 children with presumptive TB, 1642 (52.9%) had at least one d-CXR, including 1505, 136 and 1 children with one, two and three d-CXRs, respectively, resulting in a total of 1780 d-CXR. Of them, 1773 (99.6%) were of good quality and 1772/1773 (99.9%) were interpreted by sites' clinicians. One hundred and sixty-four children had no d-CXR performed despite attending the radiography department: 126, 37 and 1 with one, two and three attempts, respectively. d-CXRs were not performed in 21.6% (44/203) due to connectivity problem between the DR plate captor and the computer. HCW reported good perceptions of d-CXR and of the DR plates provided. The main challenge was the upload to and download from the server of d-CXRs due to limited internet access.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>d-CXR using DR plates was feasible at DH level and provided good quality images but required overcoming operational challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"979-989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142569757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal analysis of growth and nutritional disparities across socio-demographics from early childhood to adolescence: Findings from the Indian cohort of the Young Lives Survey.","authors":"Sumit Kumar Das, Maroof Ahmad Khan","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14050","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Previous studies generally used cross-sectional data and focused on under-five children to assess the risk factors for malnutrition among Indian children. Some recent studies have reported that recovery from or faltering in malnutrition is possible after five years of age, but socio-demographic subgroup disparities have not been explored. This study aims to find the longitudinal disparity in height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ) and body-mass-index-for-age Z-scores (BMIAZ scores) across various sub-groups of a cohort from childhood to adolescence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study used a cohort from the Young Lives Survey, which followed children aged of 1-15 years between 2002 and 2016-17 in the states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, India. Mixed-effect models were applied to find the main, time, and interaction effects of HAZ scores and BMIAZ scores. In addition, an extended Kitagawa-Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition approach to assess group-based differences over time was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cross-sectional prevalence of stunting reduced across all subgroups, while thinness rose during the same period. The interactions of child sex, mother's education, place of residence, wealth index, and antenatal care with time were statistically significant at p <0.05. The gender disparity in adjusted HAZ score  decreased from 0.214 units at 1 year to 0.011 units at 15 years, whereas BMIAZ score differential increased from 0.106 to 0.538 units over same timeframe. Disparities in scores were also observed across rural-urban, maternal education, social group, religion, socioeconomic status, maternal age at birth, antenatal care, and premature birth status.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study sheds light on the nuanced dynamics of paediatric growth, emphasising the importance of longitudinal approaches in understanding and addressing the health disparities across different stages of childhood and adolescence.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"951-963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142547891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing systemic inflammatory markers in psoriasis: A retrospective study.","authors":"Berna Solak, Rabia Öztaş Kara","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14052","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease often associated with serious cardiovascular comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the systemic inflammatory burden in psoriasis by examining various inflammatory markers and to assess the relationship between these markers and the severity of the disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study was conducted on medical records of patients who visited the dermatology outpatient clinic between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2022. The study included patients with psoriasis vulgaris and healthy volunteers. Demographic data, Psoriasis Area and Severity Index score, C-reactive protein, monocyte-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and Systemic Inflammation Response Index were analysed and compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 278 psoriasis patients and 90 healthy volunteers were analysed. Compared to the control group, psoriasis patients showed significantly higher systemic immune-inflammation index, Systemic Inflammation Response Index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, serum C-reactive protein levels, neutrophil count, monocyte count, body mass index, and waist circumference (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.014, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.046, p < 0.001, and p = 0.011, respectively). Among patients with severe psoriasis (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index >10), systemic immune-inflammation index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and serum C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher compared to patients with mild/moderate psoriasis (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index ≤10). In the ROC curve analysis, the optimal cut-off (AUC, sensitivity, specificity) values for neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio were found to be 2.11 (0.592, 62%, 57%), 552.9 (0.579, 61%, 58%), and 111.9 (0.578, 64%, 46%), respectively. The inflammatory parameters that showed correlation with Psoriasis Area and Severity Index were systemic immune-inflammation index, Systemic Inflammation Response Index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, and C-reactive protein.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings of this study suggest that systemic immune-inflammation index, Systemic Inflammation Response Index, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, monocyte-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and C-reactive protein values have the potential to serve as simple and cost-effective markers for assessing the inflammatory burden in individuals with psoriasis.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"971-978"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142509305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome sequencing analysis of the pncA, rpsA and panD genes responsible for pyrazinamide resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Indonesian isolates.","authors":"Andriansjah Rukmana, Mifa Nurfadillah, Cynthia Gozali, Ariyani Kiranasari","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14051","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Developing the most suitable treatment against tuberculosis based on resistance profiles is imperative to effectively cure tuberculosis patients. Whole-genome sequencing is a molecular method that allows for the rapid and cost-effective detection of mutations in multiple genes associated with anti-tuberculosis drug resistance. This sequencing approach addresses the limitations of culture-based methods, which may not apply to certain anti-TB drugs, such as pyrazinamide, because of their specific culture medium requirements, potentially leading to biased resistance culture results.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty-four M. tuberculosis isolates were subcultured on a Lowenstein-Jensen medium. The genome of these bacteria was subsequently isolated using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide. Genome sequencing was performed with Novaseq Illumina 6000 (Illumina), and the data were analysed using the GenTB and Mykrobe applications. We also conducted a de novo analysis to compare the two methods and performed mutation analysis of other genes encoding pyrazinamide resistance, namely rpsA and panD.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results revealed mutations in the pncA gene, which were identified based on the databases accessed through GenTB and Mykrobe. Two discrepancies between the drug susceptibility testing and sequencing results may suggest potential instability in the drug susceptibility testing culture, specifically concerning PZA. Meanwhile, the results of the de novo analysis showed the same result of pncA mutation to the GenTB or Mykrobe; meanwhile, there were silent mutations in rpsA in several isolates and a point mutation; no mutations were found in the panD gene. However, the mutations in the genes encoding pyrazinamide require further and in-depth study to understand their relationship to the phenotypic profile.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Compared to the conventional culture method, the whole-genome sequencing method has advantages in determining anti-tuberculosis resistance profiles, especially in reduced time and bias.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"964-970"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142476268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A health decision analytical model to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of female genital schistosomiasis screening strategies: The female genital schistosomiasis SCREEN framework.","authors":"Olimpia Lamberti, Fern Terris-Prestholt, Amaya L Bustinduy, Fiammetta Bozzani","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14040","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Female genital schistosomiasis is a chronic gynaecological disease caused by the waterborne parasite Schistosoma (S.) haematobium. It affects an estimated 30-56 million girls and women globally, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa where it is endemic, and negatively impacts their sexual and reproductive life. Recent studies found evidence of an association between female genital schistosomiasis and increased prevalence of HIV and cervical precancer lesions. Despite the large population at risk, the burden and impact of female genital schistosomiasis are scarcely documented, resulting in neglect and insufficient resource allocation. There is currently no standardised method for individual or population-based female genital schistosomiasis screening and diagnosis which hinders accurate assessment of disease burden in endemic countries. To optimise financial allocations for female genital schistosomiasis screening, it is necessary to explore the cost-effectiveness of different strategies by combining cost and impact estimates. Yet, no economic evaluation has explored the value for money of alternative screening methods. This paper describes a novel application of health decision analytical modelling to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different female genital schistosomiasis screening strategies across endemic settings. The model combines a decision tree for female genital schistosomiasis screening strategies, and a Markov model for the natural history of cervical cancer to estimate the cost per disability-adjusted life-years averted for different screening strategies, stratified by HIV status. It is a starting point for discussion and for supporting priority setting in a data-sparse environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"859-868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141879588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}