Tropical Medicine & International Health最新文献

{"title":"Industrial hotspot: Infestation of invasive Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Puducherry, India.","authors":"Jency J Priskilla, Athisaya Mary Kulandaisamy, Daniel Reegan Appadurai, Srikanth Srirama, Shriram Ananganallur Nagarajan, Manju Rahi","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.14137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Industrial zones are large, unsupervised areas with a high risk of Aedes vector infestation because of the presence of diverse artificial breeding habitats. Unlike community-based Aedes surveys, research on vector breeding in industrial settings is limited. Therefore, this research aimed to explore Aedes vector infestation levels in industrial regions, their breeding places and the presence of dengue virus transmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An Aedes immature survey was conducted in 70 industrial units of an urban industrial estate of Puducherry, following standard protocols by the National Centre for Vector Borne Disease Control. The collected immatures were reared for adult emergence and species identification. Larval indices and breeding habitat contribution for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus were carried out. Furthermore, adult traps were set up to detect the presence of Dengue viral RNA in adult mosquitoes. Chi-square statistics were performed to find the association of breeding positivity with industry types and container types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Aedes breeding was noted in 48 units (68.6%). All industrial types had remarkably high Aedes indices. In industrial areas, Ae aegypti was the most common dengue vector species, followed by Ae. albopictus. Out of the nine major container types, discarded types had a 90% positivity rate. Significant associations were also noted between container positivity and industry type (Χ² 15.7, p < 0.001), mosquito species and industry type (Χ² 16, p = 0.0143) and container type on mosquito breeding (Χ² 48.9, p < 0.001). Molecular analysis showed no detectable levels of dengue virus in the mosquito samples.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surveillance on Aedes density is important in determining factors related to dengue transmission, in order to prioritise areas and seasons for vector control. Aedes mosquito populations in industrial settings pose a serious threat to public health. Appropriate surveillance and control strategies need to be framed for such large non-residential areas at a policy level. Combining environmental management techniques, innovative vector control methods and community engagement may help reduce the health concerns associated with Aedes in these complex industrial settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal analysis of non-communicable diseases and NCD-HIV/AIDS comorbidity in Malawi: A 4-year retrospective study 2020-2022.","authors":"Ansley Kasambara, Mphatso S Kamndaya, Salule J Masangwi, Atupele Mulaga","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.14134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-communicable diseases are on the increase in the Sub-Saharan region, which is also the epicentre of HIV/AIDS. There is limited published data on trends and forecasts of the comorbidity of non-communicable diseases and HIV/AIDS in low- and middle-income countries. Hence, the aim of the study was to examine current trends and forecasts for non-communicable diseases and non-communicable disease-HIV/AIDS comorbidity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data on 30,686 patients from 2019 to 2022 were extracted from the non-communicable diseases Mastercards, from 70 health facilities in Malawi, using a form designed and implemented in KoboToolBox. All cases were aggregated to form weekly counts of non-communicable diseases and non-communicable disease-HIV/AIDS comorbidity and visualised using time series plots. Then the data was subset by the prominent non-communicable disease, which was hypertension and hypertension-HIV/AIDS comorbidity weekly counts. Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), a machine learning model, was used for model fitting, generating predictions, and forecasting.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The forecasts showed that the counts of cases per week will range from 137 to 185 cases. Then specifically, hypertension and hypertension-HIV/AIDS comorbidity case counts averaged approximately within the range of 111-124 new cases per week from 2023 to 2030. The hypertension-HIV/AIDS comorbidity had forecasts ranging from 2 to 9 new cases per week. Although the number of new case counts per week had a consistent progression, the number of cases was on an increasing trend over time. Therefore, whether cases in general, hypertension and hypertension-HIV/AIDS comorbidity cases, or hypertension-HIV/AIDS comorbidity cases, the counts per week imply cumulatively higher case counts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the consistency in the projection to 2030, there is a need to consider the upward trend of these cases and implement intervention measures such as sensitisation to control the number of cases. Otherwise, Malawi may not be able to achieve SDG3 targets by 2030.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Halzoun syndrome in Lebanon: Clinical and genetic insights into Dicrocoelium dendriticum.","authors":"Dalal Sabbagh, Ahmad El Khatib, Zahraa Zibara, Mohamad El Nahas, Ilham Mneimneh, Ali Hijab, Hasan El-Tawil, Lazo Ali, Jad Koweyes, Lyn Al Samra, Kelven Rahy, Serena El Rayes, Aia Sinno, Ruqayya Baghdadi, Charbel Al Khoury","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14113","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14113","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Halzoun syndrome is a rare parasitic infection associated with the consumption of raw liver, predominantly reported in the Eastern Mediterranean. The condition presents significant diagnostic challenges due to its symptom overlap with other parasitic and allergic disorders. We identified four cases of Halzoun syndrome in a family from the North Bekaa region of Lebanon. A detailed examination of the goat liver was conducted, followed by molecular characterisation using the ITS-2 region and phylogenetic analysis to establish the relationship of the local isolates with other Dicrocoelium species. Gross examination of the infected goat liver revealed small, pale nodules indicative of inflammation caused by flukes or their eggs. Molecular analysis confirmed D. dendriticum as the causative agent, with phylogenetic analysis placing the local isolates within the D. dendriticum clade, showing notable genetic divergence. Clinically, the patients experienced severe pharyngitis, nasal congestion, and allergic-like reactions typical of Halzoun syndrome, with one case requiring intensive treatment with corticosteroids and oxygen therapy. This study confirms D. dendriticum as the etiological agent of Halzoun syndrome in these cases, highlighting the potential presence of a distinct genetic lineage in Lebanon. The findings underscore the importance of accurate diagnosis and tailored treatment strategies in regions where raw liver consumption is common.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"569-575"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk stratification during antenatal care failed to identify most mothers who experienced adverse pregnancy outcomes: A prospective study from Kakamega County, Kenya.","authors":"Jan E Cooper, Margaret Kruk, David Kapaon, Kennedy Opondo, Jacinta Nzinga, Rose J Kosgei, Kevin Croke","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14110","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Risk stratification of pregnancies informs clinical care globally. Yet recent research has cast doubt on the ability of currently used population-level risk measures to accurately predict poor outcomes at the individual level. We examine the assumption that existing forms of risk stratification can successfully identify women likely to develop complications during delivery in a rural setting in Kenya.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a prospective observational study of 19,653 pregnant women in Kakamega County in Western Kenya. Women were contacted three times during the perinatal period and surveyed about provider-identified risks and self-assessed concerns about pregnancy complications, delivery process outcomes, and adverse delivery outcomes. Measures of risk were derived from women's self-reporting. We compared delivery process outcomes and adverse delivery outcomes between high- and low-risk pregnancies, and between women with and without expressed concerns about delivery complications. Delivery process outcomes included intrapartum referral, unplanned caesarean section, blood transfusion, hysterectomy, or admission to an intensive care unit. Adverse delivery outcomes included stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and maternal mortality. We reported means and confidence intervals for each category, and tested for differences using bivariate linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-eight percent of pregnancies had at least one risk factor consistent with a high risk pregnancy; the remaining 62% were low risk by this criteria. Rates of most adverse process outcomes and delivery outcomes were higher among pregnancies with known risks. However, 64.5% of maternal deaths and 54.8% of all deaths in the sample took place among pregnancies characterised as low risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Risk stratification using existing indicators of risk during pregnancy is inadequate to identify women at risk of adverse health outcomes in this setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"531-538"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136940/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143796605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide-treated nets distribution campaign: Physical integrity, usage and sustainable disposal of end-of-life insecticide-treated nets under operational settings in Odisha, India.","authors":"A N Shriram, Mustafa Baig, D K Panigrahi, B Vijayakumar, S S Sahu, Tatvadarshi Dash, Ashwani Kumar","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14107","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prior to 2017, Odisha accounted for 50% of all Plasmodium falciparum cases in India. The 'National Strategic Plan' for malaria elimination had distributed 11.3 million insecticidal treated nets (ITNs) to 23 million individuals in Odisha's 17 malaria-endemic districts by 2017. In 2021, the National Centre for Vector-Borne Disease Control replaced end-of-life ITNs. India needs official regulations on end-of-life ITNs collection and disposal mechanisms. A pilot study was undertaken to understand community practices and perceptions on end-of-life ITNs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The 2021 study was conducted during mass ITN replenishment in a campaign mode at Koksara Community Health Centre in Odisha's Kalahandi region. ITN conditions were evaluated using structured questionnaires and household interviews. End-of-life ITNs were evaluated for chemical analyses. Door-to-door assessments of net conditions included noting their presence, attrition rates and fabric integrity. Officials from the Department of Health were consulted on eco-friendly disposal techniques.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the study region, 6022 ITNs were distributed, of which 5879 (97.6%) were available and 143 (2.4%) were reported as missing 43 months after the campaign (2017). One net per 2.1 persons was distributed. Of the 5879 ITNs, 84.2% were torn, 931 (15.8%) were in good condition and 3472 (59.1%) were serviceable. When combining the ITNs in good condition and those that were serviceable, 74.9% were deemed usable. A total of 3050 respondents were interviewed. Most respondents (98%, 2935/3050) were willing to exchange old ITNs for new ones (92.5%, 5437/5879) when replaced with new ones, highlighting the need for a disposal mechanism at both programme and household levels. Additionally, 61.6% of respondents chose to keep their ITNs, while others repurposed them (7.3% for covering items, 3.0% for fencing, 4.6% for nursery saplings, 5.6% for fishing, 0.4% for other uses). The end-of-life PermaNet 2.0 nets contained an average of 0.33 ± 0.35 g/kg (15.3 mg/m²), while the new nets contained an average of 1.4 g/kg ± 25% (55 mg/m²).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Community input on end-of-life ITN disposal contributes to the development of evidence-based decision support materials, facilitating the formulation of a strategy for the systematic collection and safe disposal of used nets. The lack of an operationally viable solution for the secure disposal of end-of-life ITNs within the National Programs underscores the urgent need for a comprehensive policy framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"509-520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136938/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulator experiences of trials during Ebola epidemics in Sierra Leone, Guinea, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.","authors":"Kambale Kasonia, Frank Baiden, Frédéric Le Marcis, Bruno Lapika, Joel Kiyulu, Henri Kimina, Freddy Bikioli, Fanny Attas, Anthony Mansaray, Rose Burns, Elysée Nouvet, Séverine Thys, Antea Paviotti, Daniela Manno, Mukeh Kenneth Fahnbulleh, Bailah Leigh, Mohamed Samai, Brian Greenwood, Shelley Lees, Patrick Mitashi Mulopo, Deborah Watson-Jones","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14111","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14111","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>During the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa and the Ebola outbreaks between 2018 and 2020 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, vaccines and other tools for prevention and treatment had to be taken through trials in exceptional circumstances using accelerated processes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We interviewed members of ethics committees, health authorities, health professionals, and political authorities in the Democratic Republic of Congo in 2021 and held a workshop with ethics committee members and regulatory authorities from Sierra Leone and Guinea in 2022 in order to document their experiences of reviewing, approving, and regulating current and new studies during epidemics and outbreaks, and to document lessons learnt and their recommendations for the rapid review of clinical trial protocols during public health emergencies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Similar barriers were identified in the three countries. These were related to weak legal frameworks and partnerships between ethics committees and regulatory bodies. Inadequate human resources, outdated standard operating procedures and guidelines, and lack of finance to support timely reviews were identified. We also noted a lack of awareness from politicians, scientists, and communities about the existence and functions of regulatory bodies/ethics committees, a lack of independence, and low interest in research. Opportunities identified by the institutions in the countries concerned included training ethics committee members and networking with experienced international platforms like the African Vaccine Regulatory Forum. Laws on regulating research have been updated in Sierra Leone and in Guinea, but not yet in the Democratic Republic of Congo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regulatory bodies have been facing many challenges in terms of a lack of a legal framework, a lack of finance, and a lack of support from politicians, scientists, and communities. Networking has been an opportunity for these regulators to mitigate these impediments.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"539-546"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of household level variation in per capita calorie intake by measures of economic well-being of the household in India.","authors":"Junaid Khan, Sanjay K Mohanty","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14097","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>Defining economic status of the household through household-based surveys remains a challenge and the measures vary across surveys and countries. This study identifies two exclusive measures of economic wellbeing of the household-wealth index and monthly per capita non-food expenditure (MPCNFE) and examines the comparative predictability of the two measures to predict the variation in per capita calorie intake across Indian households.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Design This study has a cross-sectional design and households are the unit of analysis. Setting National Sample Survey consumption expenditure rounds, 2004-2005 and 2011-2012 for India. A total of more than 100,000 households in each of the two survey rounds were included in this study. The respective household heads were interviewed during the survey.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2004-2005, a wealth-poor household from the lowest decile consumed 1881 kcal while a consumption-poor household (lowest decile) consumed only 1690 kcal, a difference of 11.3%. A slight overall increase in average calorie intake between the two survey rounds was detected (from 2016 to 2049 kcal; 2%), but the consumption-poor households (lowest decile) still had a lower average calorie intake than the wealth-poor households (1856 kcal vs. 1958 kcal; a difference of 6%). In terms of inequality, the consumption measure of economic well-being showed higher concentration index values in calorie intake compared to the wealth measure. From the multivariate OLS estimation, it was evident that the consumption framework explained higher variability in calorie (log transformed) intake across Indian households than the wealth framework.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Consumption-poor households in India are more economically underprivileged and consume fewer calories than wealth-poor households. MPCNFE as a measure of economic wellbeing better predicts the household level variation in calorie intake compared to the wealth-based measure of economic wellbeing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"481-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144048075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modelling of potential risk areas of pertussis cases in the Philippines using bioclimatic envelopes.","authors":"Allan Miguel G Tomimbang, Nikki Heherson A Dagamac, Akira T Komoda","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14115","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Pertussis remains a pressing public health concern in the Philippines despite being vaccine-preventable. The resurgence of the disease, driven by waning immunity, vaccine hesitancy and erratic outbreaks, underscores the need for innovative surveillance methods. Thus, this study intends to create a predictive model of potential risk areas for pertussis outbreaks in the Philippines using bioclimatic variables.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employs the maximum entropy algorithm to predict pertussis risk areas in the Philippines based on 19 bioclimatic variables. The occurrence data of reported pertussis cases were obtained from two sources: the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council, covering 30 March-11 June 2024, and the Weekly Epidemiological Surveillance Report, spanning 1 January-12 October 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Key variables such as Mean Temperature of the Wettest Quarter (BIO8), Precipitation of the Wettest Quarter (BIO16) and Precipitation of the Driest Quarter (BIO17) were identified as significant predictors. Results revealed high-risk areas concentrated in northern Luzon, particularly Central Luzon (Region III), the major coastal areas of Ilocos (Region I), National Capital Region, MIMAROPA (Region IV-B), and an isolated area in Bicol (Region V). The model performance indicates excellent predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.972).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings highlight how climatic factors shape pertussis distribution through anthropogenic means (e.g., higher humidity increases the chances of acquiring respiratory problems), providing a framework for eco-epidemiological risk assessment. This approach enhances targeted intervention planning, resource allocation, and early warning systems, particularly in resource-limited settings like the Philippines. The study underscores the role of Maximum Entropy in addressing re-emerging diseases, contributing to sustainable public health preparedness and mitigation strategies in tropical regions given that there is currently no predictive model for pertussis cases in the Philippines.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"547-555"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mobile phone survey estimates of perinatal mortality in Malawi: A comparison of data from truncated and full pregnancy histories.","authors":"Georges Reniers, Julio Romero-Prieto, Michael Chasukwa, Funny Muthema, Sarah Walters, Bruno Masquelier, Jethro Banda, Emmanuel Souza, Boniface Dulani","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14109","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14109","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>In many low- and middle-income countries, perinatal mortality estimates are derived retrospectively from periodically conducted household surveys. Mobile phone surveys offer advantages in terms of cost and ease of implementation. However, their suitability for monitoring perinatal mortality has not been established.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We use data from the Malawi Rapid Mortality Mobile Phone Survey (RaMMPS) to estimate perinatal mortality rates from two versions of the survey instrument: a full pregnancy history and a shorter truncated pregnancy history. Female respondents of reproductive age were randomly allocated to either of these instruments. The sample was generated through random digit dialling with active strata monitoring. Post-stratification weighting was used to correct for sample selection bias, and estimates are reported with bootstrap confidence intervals. We estimated the stillbirth rate as the synthetic cohort probability of a foetal death with 28+ weeks of gestation over all pregnancies reaching the same gestational age. The perinatal and extended perinatal mortality rates were defined as the probabilities of dying between 28 weeks and 7 or 28 days of life, respectively. RaMMPS estimates are compared to the 2015-2016 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey and estimates published by the United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Truncated and full pregnancy histories were administered for 2093 and 2067 women, respectively. Weighted point estimates of the stillbirth (19.81 deaths per 1000 pregnancies, 95%-confidence interval (CI): 14.11-25.62), perinatal (42.41, 95%-CI: 33.91-50.92), and extended perinatal mortality rates (50.11, 95%-CI: 41.56-58.84) from the full pregnancy history instrument are in line with Demographic and Health Survey and United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation estimates. In comparison, the mortality estimates from the truncated pregnancy history instrument are higher, but this difference only approaches statistical significance in the case of the stillbirth rate. Post-stratification weighting produces a small upwards adjustment in the estimates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Mobile phone surveys are a promising method for collecting perinatal mortality data. The full pregnancy history instrument produces more plausible results than the shorter truncated pregnancy history questionnaire where the window of retrospection is restricted.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"521-530"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136939/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144000883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular evidence of Wolbachia and Orthoflavivirus infection in field-collected mosquitoes in three provinces of Türkiye.","authors":"Wilfrid Sewade, Ceylan Polat, Ozge Erisoz Kasap","doi":"10.1111/tmi.14099","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tmi.14099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mosquitoes transmit various pathogens causing diseases like Zika, Dengue, West Nile and Chikungunya. They also harbour insect-specific viruses (ISVs) and Wolbachia, which can block arbovirus transmission. This study investigated the prevalence of Orthoflavivirus and Wolbachia in mosquito populations from three provinces in Türkiye.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mosquitoes were collected using CDC Miniature Light traps in 2022-2023. Morphologically identified specimens were pooled (1-10 individuals) and screened for Orthoflavivirus and Wolbachia via PCR and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Infection prevalence was estimated using the maximum likelihood method. Mosquito taxa richness across provinces was estimated using the abundance-based, non-parametric Chao1 index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 8766 mosquitoes (11 taxa) collected, Culex perexiguus, Ochlerotatus caspius and Anopheles claviger were most abundant. Anopheles flavivirus (AnFV) detected in one Oc. caspius pool, while Wolbachia sequences belonging to supergroup B were detected in An. claviger, Cx. pipiens s.l., Cx. perexiguus and Oc. caspius, with an overall infection prevalence of 0.0119 (95% CI: 0.008-0.0161). The richest mosquito fauna was detected in Ankara, followed by Adana, and Çankırı.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides new insights into mosquito richness and the prevalence of Orthoflavivirus and Wolbachia in Türkiye, contributing to vector surveillance and the potential use of Wolbachia in mosquito control strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23962,"journal":{"name":"Tropical Medicine & International Health","volume":" ","pages":"498-508"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12136952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144050622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}