World Journal of Clinical Cases最新文献

{"title":"Lymphogranuloma venereum proctosigmoiditis misdiagnosed as inflammatory bowel disease: A case report.","authors":"Kaline Maya Khoury, Ahmad Jradi, Karam Karam, Elias Fiani","doi":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.102791","DOIUrl":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.102791","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There has been a rise in the number of cases diagnosed as lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), caused by the transmission of Chlamydia trachomatis, specifically serotypes L1, L2, and L3, mostly in men who have sex with men (MSM). LGV can clinically manifest as rectal discomfort, bleeding, and mucoid discharge mimicking inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Therefore, the role of a wholesome collection of patient history along with gaining patient trust and ease in reporting different elements of their life- whether social or sexual history-could greatly guide physician's investigations leading to timely and more efficient diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 38-year-old male presenting with symptoms of rectal bleeding, mucoid discharge, and abdominal pain during the past month. Initial treatment for hemorrhoids given at an outpatient clinic did not improve the patient's complaints warranting further examinations, whereby endoscopy revealed the presence of mucosal edema and ulcerations in the rectosigmoid area rendering IBD a plausible diagnosis theoretically, but practically refuted due to the negative biopsy results, and positive result of nucleic acid amplification testing of the rectal swab sample for Chlamydia trachomatis. The latter results are in accordance with the diagnosis of LGV proctosigmoiditis. Accordingly, medical therapy with doxycycline was instituted, which yielded a notable symptomatic relief, and an education on safe sexual practices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LGV proctosigmoiditis is a crucial differential diagnosis in high risk patients, such as MSM that should be differentiated from IBD. Obtaining a thorough sexual history is pivotal to prevent misdiagnosis and guarantee prompt, effective therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":23912,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Clinical Cases","volume":"13 14","pages":"102791"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage due to milk protein allergy: A case report.","authors":"Huan-Huan Jiang, Qing Tang, Li Huang, Xiang Yun, Qing-Wen Shan, Xiu-Qi Chen","doi":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.104039","DOIUrl":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.104039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage is a life-threatening manifestation of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA). We analyze the clinical characteristics of a case of milk protein allergy manifested as severe upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>The hospital admitted a 2-month-old male infant due to \"melena for 6 days, hematemesis twice\". The main symptom was melena, initially occurring once or twice per day, then gradually increasing to five or six times per day at their peak. During the course of the illness, the infant vomited blood, but there were no reports of vomiting, fever, pale complexion, dyspnea, wheezing, or difficulty breathing. Laboratory tests showed hemoglobin level of 87 g/L, platelet count of 349 × 10⁹/L, and eosinophil percentage of 0.031. Coagulation studies were normal. After avoiding certain foods and feeding with an amino acid formula for 2 weeks, a repeat gastroscopy revealed less bleeding. After six weeks, a positive oral food challenge test confirmed a severe CMPA. At the 4-month follow-up, there was no gastrointestinal bleeding, and the infant was growing and developing well.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The manifestations of milk protein allergy are diverse and nonspecific, with gastrointestinal bleeding being less common, especially in infants. When infants present with unexplained massive hematemesis, it's critical to investigate the possibility of CMPA.</p>","PeriodicalId":23912,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Clinical Cases","volume":"13 14","pages":"104039"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of disturbance coefficient in monitoring and treatment of cerebral edema in patients with cerebral hemorrhage.","authors":"Wen-Wen Gao, Xiao-Bing Jiang, Peng Chen, Liang Zhang, Lei Yang, Zhi-Hai Yuan, Yao Wei, Xiao-Qiang Li, Xiao-Lu Tang, Feng-Lu Wang, Hao Wu, Hai-Kang Zhao","doi":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.102534","DOIUrl":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.102534","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;At present, the conventional methods for diagnosing cerebral edema in clinical practice are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can evaluate the location and degree of peripheral cerebral edema, but cannot realize quantification. When patients have symptoms of diffuse cerebral edema or high cranial pressure, CT or MRI often suggests that cerebral edema is lagging and cannot be dynamically monitored in real time. Intracranial pressure monitoring is the gold standard, but it is an invasive operation with high cost and complications. For clinical purposes, the ideal cerebral edema monitoring should be non-invasive, real-time, bedside, and continuous dynamic monitoring. The disturbance coefficient (DC) was used in this study to dynamically monitor the occurrence, development, and evolution of cerebral edema in patients with cerebral hemorrhage in real time, and review head CT or MRI to evaluate the development of the disease and guide further treatment, so as to improve the prognosis of patients with cerebral hemorrhage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Aim: &lt;/strong&gt;To offer a promising new approach for non-invasive adjuvant therapy in cerebral edema treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 160 patients with hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University from September 2018 to September 2019 were recruited. The patients were randomly divided into a control group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 80) and an experimental group (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 80). Patients in the control group received conventional empirical treatment, while those in the experimental group were treated with mannitol dehydration under the guidance of DC. Subsequently, we compared the two groups with regards to the total dosage of mannitol, the total course of treatment, the incidence of complications, and prognosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The mean daily consumption of mannitol, the total course of treatment, and the mean hospitalization days were 362.7 ± 117.7 mL, 14.8 ± 5.2 days, and 29.4 ± 7.9 in the control group and 283.1 ± 93.6 mL, 11.8 ± 4.2 days, and 23.9 ± 8.3 in the experimental group (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). In the control group, there were 20 patients with pulmonary infection (25%), 30 with electrolyte disturbance (37.5%), 20 with renal impairment (25%), and 16 with stress ulcer (20%). In the experimental group, pulmonary infection occurred in 18 patients (22.5%), electrolyte disturbance in 6 (7.5%), renal impairment in 2 (2.5%), and stress ulcers in 15 (18.8%) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). According to the Glasgow coma scale score 6 months after discharge, the prognosis of the control group was good in 20 patients (25%), fair in 26 (32.5%), and poor in 34 (42.5%); the prognosis of the experimental group was good in 32 (40%), fair in 36 (45%), and poor in 12 (15%) (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;Using DC for non-invasive dynamic monitoring of ce","PeriodicalId":23912,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Clinical Cases","volume":"13 14","pages":"102534"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relevant clinical factors for early extubation in living-donor liver transplantation: A single-center retrospective cohort study.","authors":"Soeun Jeon, Dong Gun Lim, Hyunjee Kim, Seung-Bin You, Hye-Jin Kim, Jung-Pil Yoon, Kwangho Yang, Soon-Ji Park, Hyun-Su Ri","doi":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.102693","DOIUrl":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.102693","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Clinical guidelines for early extubation after liver transplantation remain lacking, with significant variations in the rates of early extubation across transplantation centers.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To identify clinical factors, including the use of epidural analgesia, associated with early extubation in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The medical records of LDLT recipients were analyzed in this study, categorizing them based on extubation timing as delayed (leaving the operating room without extubation) or early (tracheal tube removed immediately after surgery). A multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Subgroup analysis was conducted, excluding patients contraindicated for epidural analgesia owing to significant coagulopathy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Total of 159 patients, 93 (58.5%) underwent early extubation. Relevant clinical factors of early extubation were shorter anhepatic time [adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 0.439, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.232-0.831; <i>P</i> = 0.011], absence of high-dose vasoactive drug use at the end of surgery (OR = 0.235, 95%CI: 0.106-0.519; <i>P</i> < 0.001), and the use of epidural analgesia (OR = 15.730, 95%CI: 1.919-128.919; <i>P</i> = 0.010). In a subgroup analysis of 67 patients, epidural analgesia remained a relevant clinical factor for early extubation (adjusted OR = 19.381, 95%CI: 2.15-174.433; <i>P</i> = 0.008).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Shorter anhepatic time, absence of high-dose vasoactive drug use at the end of surgery, and the use of epidural analgesia are relevant clinical factors of early extubation following LDLT.</p>","PeriodicalId":23912,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Clinical Cases","volume":"13 14","pages":"102693"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752427/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diffuse panbronchiolitis in children misdiagnosed as asthma: A case report.","authors":"Anuvat Klubdaeng, Prakarn Tovichien","doi":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.103501","DOIUrl":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.103501","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Diffuse panbronchiolitis (DPB) is a rare, chronic inflammatory lung disease marked by chronic cough, breathlessness, and preceding sinusitis. Symptoms often persist for years and can be misdiagnosed as asthma, particularly in children. This report describes a DPB case resolved with long-term azithromycin therapy, emphasizing the need for a timely and accurate diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>A 12-year-old girl, diagnosed with asthma at age five and managed with inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-2 agonists, developed a history of chronic productive cough and chronic sinusitis for a year. On examination, she exhibited wheezing and coarse crackles. Despite receiving treatment for an asthma exacerbation, her symptoms did not improve. A chest X-ray revealed reticulonodular infiltration in both lower lungs, prompting further evaluation with high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT). The HRCT confirmed centrilobular nodule opacities, a 'tree-in-bud' pattern, and non-tapering bronchi, suggesting DPB. Elevated cold hemagglutinin titers at 128 further supported the diagnosis. Her cough and sinusitis resolved within a month after starting azithromycin therapy, chosen for its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. Follow-up HRCT scans after 1 year of continuous treatment showed complete normalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment in achieving favorable outcomes for DPB.</p>","PeriodicalId":23912,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Clinical Cases","volume":"13 14","pages":"103501"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in metabolic diseases: Diabetes control and gout management.","authors":"Xiao-Peng Fu","doi":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.100262","DOIUrl":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.100262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study by Lin <i>et al</i> delves into the clinical impact of dapagliflozin, a representative sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on chronic heart failure complicated by hyperuricemia. This investigation highlights dapagliflozin's efficacy in lowering serum uric acid levels, enhancing cardiac function, and reducing cardiovascular events. This work not only provides a comprehensive analysis of dapagliflozin's sustained benefits in these patients but also introduces novel insights for managing chronic heart failure exacerbated by elevated uric acid. Furthermore, this review examines the potential role of SGLT2 inhibitor in the context of gout, evaluating its mechanisms and clinical application prospects in the management of hyperuricemia, thereby further enriching the medical community's understanding of SGLT2 inhibitor.</p>","PeriodicalId":23912,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Clinical Cases","volume":"13 14","pages":"100262"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electromyography biofeedback training for post-stroke dysphagia.","authors":"Josef Finsterer, Sounira Mehri","doi":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.97380","DOIUrl":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.97380","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dysphagia is a common complication of ischemic stroke and is usually difficult to treat. The mainstay of standard therapy of post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is effortful swallowing. Since its introduction in 2004, there is increasing evidence that surface electromyography-guided biofeedback training (EMGBT) can enhance the therapeutic effect of standard LE. In this editorial, we comment on the article by Meng <i>et al</i> published in the recent issue of the W<i>orld Journal of Clinical Cases</i>, which provided evidence that particularly extensive EMGBT with an increased number of sessions is definitively more effective than the standard speech therapy or ordinary EMGBT. Among the 90 PSD patients with ischemic stroke or intracerebral bleeding, those who underwent EMGBT in more sessions than usual particularly benefited from the approach. It was concluded that EMGBT is more effective than traditional swallowing training in improving dysphagia and swallowing disorders as well as hyoid-laryngeal complex movement speed in PSD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23912,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Clinical Cases","volume":"13 14","pages":"97380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical, radiologic, and pathologic study of intraosseous lipoma of the tibia: A case report.","authors":"Peng Liu, Kai Zhang, Jian-Kang Zeng, Yan-Feng Chang, Kai-Peng Zhuang, Sheng-Hu Zhou","doi":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.101950","DOIUrl":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.101950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Intraosseous lipoma of bone is one of the rarest benign bone tumors, which often involves the metaphysis of long tubular bones, especially the femur, tibia, fibula, and calcaneus. Bone lipoma can be characterized by chronic dull pain but can also be asymptomatic most of the time. As a result, it is less likely to attract people's attention and is occasionally diagnosed through imaging examination during routine physical health check-up.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>We describe a clinical case of intraosseous lipoma in a 21-year-old patient with chronic pain in the left lower limb for four years without any significant physical findings apart from the minimal swelling and local tenderness over the median ankle. Computerized tomography suggested the possibility of a lipoma on the left distal tibia, but the pathological examination could make a definite diagnosis. The intraosseous lipoma of the left distal tibia was treated by surgical curettage, bone graft, and internal fixation with steel plate, since the conservative treatment is often ineffective. Postoperatively, the patient made an uneventful recovery and was able to do daily activities without any restrictions. In addition, local recurrence of the intraosseous lipoma was not reported in subsequent reexamination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bone lipoma is very rare and often exhibits no characteristic clinical manifestation. The confirmative diagnosis of lipoma largely relies on a combination of imageology and biopsy. Surgical intervention is often recommended as a conventional therapy for bone lipoma. Postoperatively, the patient makes an uneventful recovery with a good prognosis, and the local recurrence of the tumor is also a low probability event.</p>","PeriodicalId":23912,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Clinical Cases","volume":"13 14","pages":"101950"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752428/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitiligo-like rash in a patient with lung cancer caused by sintilimab: A case report.","authors":"Xiao-Ming Mao, Wei-Hua Wang","doi":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.101981","DOIUrl":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.101981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This article discusses a case involving a 63-year-old man with non-small cell lung cancer, who was treated with a combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. The patient was treated with five cycles of chemotherapy (pemetrexed and carboplatin) combined with sintilimab, a programmed death 1 inhibitor.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>After the fifth cycle of treatment, the patient developed skin itching and a vitiligo-like rash, which are known side effects of immunotherapy. Despite dermatological consultation and treatment with topical corticosteroids, the rash worsened while the itching subsided. The patient continued with the treatment, and after 15 cycles, the tumor showed a response with a reduction in size. The vitiligo-like rash increased, but the antitumor treatment remained effective.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The case highlights the use of immunotherapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and the potential side effect of vitiligo-like rash. The patient's tumor responded well to the treatment, and despite the skin reaction, the treatment was not discontinued due to its effectiveness. The article suggests that further studies are needed to understand the mechanism behind vitiligo in patients with lung cancer receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors and whether the development of vitiligo-like rash after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy is associated with improved prognosis. The case also underscores the importance of managing immune-related adverse events in the context of effective antitumor treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":23912,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Clinical Cases","volume":"13 14","pages":"101981"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insight into the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone: The treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.","authors":"Li-Ying Xu, Yi Yu, Lu-Sha Cen","doi":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.98769","DOIUrl":"10.12998/wjcc.v13.i14.98769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has a poor prognosis if left untreated; therefore, early treatment with pirfenidone is crucial. Lei <i>et al</i> conducted a retrospective analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of early pirfenidone treatment on lung function in 113 patients with IPF. In addition to other research, pirfenidone has demonstrated efficacy in patients at all stages of IPF once correct diagnosis has been made. In advanced IPF, we include the requirement for pirfenidone. Therefore, it is essential to choose an appropriate method of administration method, such as inhalation. This may circumvent the drawbacks of the high cost and possible adverse effects of this drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":23912,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Clinical Cases","volume":"13 14","pages":"98769"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11752435/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}