Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications最新文献

{"title":"Corrosion Mitigation for Mechanically-Fastened Fiber-Reinforced-Polymer Composites","authors":"Moira Callahan, Ruby Romsland, Kenneth J. McDonald, Brad C. McCoy","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-67967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-67967","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Mechanically-Fastened Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites (MF-FRPs) are currently being used to extend the useful service life of deteriorated bridges. However, the A325 Steel fastener assemblies used to attach the MF-FRP system to the bridges are experiencing noticeable corrosion. Through electrochemical polarization measurements and Tafel analysis, the expected lifetime of the A325 fastener assembly was determined and compared to other similar materials, Military Specification Grade 5 Steel (MTD-STD) and PH 17-4 Stainless Steel (PH 17-4). ASTM B117 salt fog testing was performed on each material fastener assembly to simulate the corrosion that should be experienced by each material. The electrochemical analysis and the ASTM B117 salt fog test confirmed the MIL-STD assembly corroded at a much slower rate compared to either A325 or PH 17-4. It was determined that the useful life of the fastener assembly could be extended from 6.5 year using A325 to 372 years using MIL-STD. Implementation of this engineering materials solution will extend the useful life of the MF-FRP fastener assembly however, a cost benefit analysis determined that continuing to use A325 is still the best option given the desired useful life of the MF-FRP retrofit system is 3 to 5 years.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75905011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of Silica Particle-Reinforced Polymer Composites","authors":"Hassan K. Langat, J. K. Keraita, F. Mwema, E. T. Akinlabi","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-68595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-68595","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Polymer based composites are currently used in several fields including automobile, aerospace, biomedical, and domestic applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and other attractive properties. In the current study, silica particles are evaluated as reinforcement for three polymers namely, high impact polystyrene (HIPS), general purpose polystyrene (GPPS) and recycled low density polyethylene (rLDPE. The composites were prepared by varying the weight of silica particles in relation to the polymer matrix and then tensile, impact and thermal properties were evaluated using universal tensile testing machine, Charpy impact and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) respectively.\u0000 The mechanical results showed that for HIPS-Silica composite, the tensile strength increased with increased silica content from 13.6 MPa for pure HIPS to 13.9 MPa at 5% silica and 14.8 GPa at 31% Silica. GPPS-Silica showed slight increase in tensile strength from 16.2 MPa for pure to 33.8 MPa at 5% silica and reduced to 21.5 MPa at 31%. The rLDPE-silica composite showed reduced tensile strength from 10.4 MPa for recycled HDPE to 10.2 MPa at 5% silica and an increase at 31% silica to 11.7 MPa. The modulus of elasticity for all the samples increased with the increasing silica content. The impact strength was found to increase from 5.6 kJ/m2 for pure PS - GPPS to 8.1 kJ/m2 at 5% silica. There was no remarkable increase in impact strength at 31% silica for PS-PPS. For HIPS composite, the impact reduced from 47 kJ/m2 for pure HIPS to 37 kJ/m2 at 5% silica and 11 kJ/m2 at 31% silica.\u0000 Thermal results of the composites at 31% silica were compared with pure respective polymers. In terms of thermal and mechanical properties, the general-purpose polystyrene had the highest heat absorption capacity and tensile strength. The modulus of elasticity was also reported highest in the general-purpose polystyrene composite. The results showed slight change in glass transition temperature and an increased heat absorption property when silica was added to respective polymers. Based on the results, natural silica (diatomite)-based composites may be used as green construction materials.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74658533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength and Quality of Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)","authors":"Micah Bibb, Margaret Nowicki, Kenneth J. McDonald, N. Zander","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70583","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Many times, when 3D printed parts exceed their useful life or when there is a mistake in the manufacturing process, that 3D printed material is thrown away. To avoid such waste, that material can be shredded up and re-extruded into useable filament. There are some concerns over the degradation of the material as it is recycled and reprinted. In this study, the strength and quality of ABS plastic as it is recycled and reprinted has been investigated. The ABS at each stage of recycling was printed into “dog bone” test samples for mechanical testing. The tensile strength was measured using an MTS Universal Testing Machine. Following the completion of these tests, the chemical properties of the samples were tested using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. With each recycle, the tensile load capabilities of the ABS dropped by an average of 5.93%; however, chemical tests showed no significant degradation in thermal strength.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73620641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the Effect and Contribution of Process Parameters By Taguchi and ANOVA Analysis on the Morphological and Electrical Properties of RF Magnetron Sputtered SiO2 Over Si Substrate","authors":"S. Uchayash, P. Biswas, Meah Imtiaz Zulkarnain, A. Touhami, Nazmul Islam, H. Huq","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-73849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73849","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this work, we applied Taguchi Signal-to-noise (S/N) analysis to investigate the effect of varying three process parameters, namely — sputtering power, working pressure and Ar gas flow rate on the surface, morphological and electrical properties of the RF sputtered SiO2 over Si substrate. We also inspected the contribution of a particular process parameter on these properties by applying Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). SiO2 thin films were fabricated over Si substrate using RF magnetron sputtering system. Three sets of inputs for the three mentioned process parameters were chosen; for power, we chose 100W, 150W and 200W; 5mTorr, 10mTorr and 15mTorr were chosen for pressure and three Ar gas flow rate levels at 5, 10 and 15 sccm were selected. By performing Taguchi L9 orthogonal array, nine combinations of sputtering parameters were prepared for depositing SiO2/Si Thin films. The surface morphological and electrical properties (resistivity per unit area and capacitance per unit area) of the sputtered samples were therefore inspected by analyzing the Taguchi design of experiment. Signal-to-noise (S/R) analysis presents how the properties were affected by the variation of each process parameter. ANOVA analysis showed that sputtering power and working pressure are the two dominant process parameters contributing more to surface morphological and electrical properties. A regression model for surface roughness of the SiO2/Si thin film samples was also derived. The electrical properties of the SiO2/Si thin films, however, didn’t show linear properties.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86981352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holmquist-Johnson-Cook Constitutive Model Validation and Experimental Study on the Impact Response of Cellular Concrete","authors":"J. Collard, Jaclyn A. Lanham, B. Davis","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71914","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In a previous study by Davis and Dequenne, a Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model for a cellular concrete with a nominal density of 1442 kg/m3 was developed from existing direct tension, uniaxial strain, and triaxial shear testing conducted at the United States Army Corps of Engineers Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and Sandia National Laboratory (SNL). The resulting constitutive model was compared to depth of penetration results from testing conducted by Goodman at the Aberdeen Test Center with promising results. This study seeks to build on this previous work by producing depth of penetration and perforation experiments using non-deforming projectiles into a similar cellular concrete for validation of the fit HJC model. Depth of penetration experiments were conducted by firing into a 305 mm thick panel over a velocity range of 200–800 m/s with the strike velocity and depth of penetration recorded for each experiment. Perforation experiments were conducted over a range of 200–800 m/s against panels with thicknesses of 38 mm, 76 mm, and 114 mm with the strike velocity, residual velocity, and crater characteristics recorded for each experiment. 2D numerical simulations were conducted for each experiment and the results were compared for initial model validation, but additional experimental testing and simulation is required. There is error between the experimental and numerical results and a sensitivity analysis should be conducted to determine where additional testing is appropriate to improve the model’s correlation with experimental results.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"459 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79818887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Hardness of Graphene Nanoplatelets Reinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy Composite","authors":"Ankit Sharma, Akula Sai Pratyush, S. M, A. Gupta, R. Sujith","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71258","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Excellent mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the sp2 hybridized carbon allotrope derivative of graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) make it a suitable reinforcement candidate for the metal matrix composite. Due to the superior properties of Al – Zn – Mg – Cu alloy, it is used as an armor material for decades in defense industries. In this study, Al – Zn – Mg – Cu alloy/GNP reinforced composite with varying weight fraction of 0, 0.5% & 1% GNP was fabricated via hot-pressing sintering. Initial investigation shows that the composites were densified, and the relative density was 99.64% after the fabrication process. Two-stage heat treatment was performed on the Al alloy, forming a stable η (MgZn2) phase. The DSC plots show the dissolution of the unstable η´ (Mg4Zn7) phase into the stable η (MgZn2) phase in between 450 °C – 480 °C and homogenized due to artificial aging process with the α-Al phase. Investigation showed an increment in the hardness of the heat-treated 0.5% GNP reinforced composite by 15.44%, and 8.92% in the heat-treated 1% GNP reinforced composite compared to their non-heat treated composites. The Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic images of samples before heat treatment show agglomeration of GNP and heterogeneous nucleation, and images after heat treatment show that GNP has been dispersed into the grains and grain boundaries alongside the eutectic phases, which restrict the dislocation motion and strengthen the matrix by grain boundary strengthening.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91422213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graphene Oxide / Nanodiamond Nanocomposites Characterized via Particle Dispersion and Micro- and Nanoscale Mechanical Properties","authors":"M. Abdelrahman, Slade C. Jewell, A. Elbella, S. J. Timpe","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-72137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72137","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Polystyrene matrix nanocomposites were formulated using a custom nano particle consisting of nanodiamond covalently bonded to graphene oxide. Dispersion and mechanical property results for the nano composite are compared to those results for the neat polymer as well as for a nanocomposite infused with graphene oxide only. Dynamic light scattering was performed to determine the size of particles and the results showed that the custom nanoparticle reduced agglomeration by about 50% as compared to the graphene oxide alone. Microscale Vickers hardness testing revealed that neat polymer as well as the two nanocomposite samples all have similar hardness while nanoscale atomic force microscopy revealed that the neat polymer samples have the highest stiffness on average and the custom nanoparticle composite samples have the lowest stiffness. This difference in mechanical behavior with scale is attributed to local defects at the particle/matrix interface.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81724075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"X-Ray Computed Tomography (XCT) Scanning Parameters Effects on the Hounsfield Unit (HU) Measurements for AA2011","authors":"A. Baydoun, R. Hamade","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-67415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-67415","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a powerful technique that can detect internal defects and differentiate between different materials making XCT a valuable non-destructive evaluation (NDE). However, when X-ray CT is employed as an NDE method, the scanning parameters and methodology are often underreported leading to a lack of consensus on the optimal scanning parameters to use when analyzing a particular metal or alloy.\u0000 In this study, 16-bit X-ray CT scans are employed to characterize AA2011. Four parameters are investigated: scan (voxel) resolution, tube voltage, tube current, and sample size (thickness). Two sample disks are scanned simultaneously at an image bit depth of 16-bit. Mean and standard deviation Hounsfield Unit (HU) values are calculated which are then used to develop a predictive model for these two values. The model equation is used to produce surface plots to determine desired scanning parameters combination for characterizing AA2011 HU mean and standard deviation values. It is concluded that higher scanning resolution (smaller voxel), larger tube voltage and tube current settings, and thicker samples result in smaller of standard deviation HU values and converged mean HU values when scanning AA2011.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75031602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength and Qualities of Mixed Additive Manufacturing Materials","authors":"Seth Addeo, Margaret Nowicki, Kenneth J. McDonald, N. Zander","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70564","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Filament shredders and extruders greatly expand the additive manufacturing material selection. By using recycled filaments, waste and future costs can be efficiently cut while creating in-house, customizable, filaments. Testing mixed filaments is necessary to determine the physical and chemical benefits and costs of mixing filaments. This work aims to characterize mixtures of Polylactic Acid and Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene. Mixtures were characterized through tensile strength testing and differential scanning calorimetry of extruded filament samples. The tested mixed filaments were found to be comparable to purchased filaments, with drastic increases in elasticity and decreases in torsional strength and tensile strength. This study shows that while possible to produce mixed filaments, and in spite of their chemical similarities, mixtures are not comparable in physical strength to pure filaments.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74458547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Jamming and Filament Breakage in FDM Using Vibration of Feeder Stepper","authors":"Sean P. Rooney, Emil Pitz, K. Pochiraju","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71283","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In the field of additive manufacturing (AM), mid-print failure is exceedingly common due to user error, bad design, or environmental factors that cannot be readily prepared for. This holds for most if not all types of AM, but perhaps none more so than the popular Filament Deposition Modeling (FDM) method machines. Absent total power failure, the bulk of the common modes of failure in FDM can be expressed as having an immediate impact on the mechanical system, whether that be a head collision due to warping, increased pressure on the stepper as it tries to push jammed filament, etc. The open loop nature of FDM machines does nothing to help the high rate of failure that FDM printers are known for compared to traditional methods of manufacturing. In this paper, a method for predicting failure due to mechanical malfunction of an FDM 3D printer is presented. The method proposed seeks to close the loop on FDM machines by characterizing the vibrations of the stepper motors which comprise an FDM machine. Using the acoustic emissions, a classifier is trained in order to assess the state of a print based off of supervised learning of known modes of failure. The resulting model is able to successfully predict jamming or air printing during a print with 90% training accuracy.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75448296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}