Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications最新文献

{"title":"First-Ply Failure Pressure of Symmetric Laminated Hybrid Composite CNG Tank","authors":"G. Shrigandhi, Mihil Shah, B. S. Kothavale","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70945","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In recent years, compressed natural gas (CNG) as a fuel for the automobile is overgrowing, as it is cheap and environmental friendly compared to gasoline and diesel fuel. To improve fuel efficiency, lightweight composite pressure vessel tanks are used for the storage of CNG. Due to high specific strength, fiber-reinforced composites are most widely used. Synthetic fibers like carbon, glass fiber are used for the fabrication of these pressure vessels.\u0000 In the last few decades, due to environmental concerns, the hybridization of synthetic fiber with natural fiber has gained the attention of researchers. This paper focuses study on the effect of adding natural fiber on first ply failure (FPF) pressure based on the Tsai-Wu failure criterion. The laminate stacking sequence on first ply failure pressure for carbon/epoxy, E-glass/epoxy, and hybridization of these fibers with abaca fiber is studied. Abaca is strongest among other natural fibers as it contains high cellulose which is responsible for strength of the fiber. CNG tank with a 30-liter capacity, inside diameter 261mm, thickness 12 mm, applied pressure of 25 MPa with both ends closed is considered. Stacking sequence of symmetric laminate [(90)2/∓θ/(90)2]S, for different orientation of helical winding i.e. θ = 15°, 25°, 35°, 45°, 55°, 60°, 75° is analysed for these composite materials. A hybrid tube made of synthetic and natural fiber with uniform thickness is considered. The simulation results of the first ply failure pressure are compared with theoretical results. Autodesk Helius Composite software is used for calculating material properties and, first, ply failure analysis.\u0000 It is observed that burst pressure decreases as helical angle θ increases, and for the stacking sequence of [(90)2/∓15°/(90)2]S burst pressure is maximum for all tubes. The Burst pressure of the hybrid carbon/Abaca tube reduces by 69.5% to 42% for winding angle between 15° to 45° compared to standard carbon tube. For hybrid E-Glass/Abaca tube, burst pressure reduction was 21% to 4.7% for winding angle between 15° to 45° compared to standard E-Glass tube. For hybrid Carbon/Abaca tube, the drop in burst pressure is less 23.7% to 1.74%, respectively, compared to carbon tube for helical angle in the range 55° to 75°. Slight improvement in burst pressure (1.14% to 7.5%) is observed for the helical angle between 55° to 75° in the case of a hybrid E-Glass/Abaca tube compared to the E-Glass tube only. For the E-Glass tube, intermediate lamina can be replaced by Abaca fiber.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76279062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on Tool Performance in Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Cutting SiCf/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites","authors":"Yi-Long Xiong, Wenhu Wang, Yaoyao Shi, Ruisong Jiang, Bo Huang, Cong Liu, Xiao-fen Liu, Xiao-Xiang Zhu","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-72527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72527","url":null,"abstract":"Ceramic matrix composites have been a promising advanced material due to its superior properties such as high strength and high temperature resistance. However, due to the high hardness and brittleness of reinforcement and matrix, the machining of this new material still needs to be solved. In this study, investigation of tool performance was conducted on SiC fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites using ultrasonic vibration assisted machining technique with taking advantages of decreasing cutting force, reducing tool wear and improving machinability. Three types of tools including PDC, brazed diamond tool and electroplated diamond tool were tested by carrying out ultrasonic vibration assisted milling-grinding experiments. The milling-grinding force, material removal volume and machined surface roughness was comparatively studied at the same machining conditions. From experimental results, it was found out that the wear mechanism of PDC and electroplated diamond tool was mainly abrasive wear and fracture of grains while pull-out of grains could be additionally found for brazed diamond tool. The PDC had a better tool performance with material removal volume being 12 times and 50.63 times as larger as that of brazed diamond tool and electroplated diamond tool respectively. It was recommended that the PDC could be used for high precision machining and brazed diamond tool could be chosen for rough machining or semi finish machining in ultrasonic vibration assisted milling-grinding SiC fiber reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85740963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanical Properties of Snap-Fits Fabricated by Selective Laser Sintering From Polyamide","authors":"S. Detzel, Annette C. Sigling, Tim C. Lueth","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70328","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Snap-fits provide a quick, simple and reversible way to join larger additively manufactured parts. They take up little space and are flexible in their placement. The mechanical properties of snap-fits fabricated by selective laser sintering are not well explored. While the mechanical properties of the bulk material are available, these do not sufficiently describe the behavior of thin and flexible structures. The purpose of this research is the investigation of the mechanical properties of SLS-fabricated snap-fits. We explored the influence of geometric parameters, orientation during the manufacturing process and post-processing by chemical vapor smoothing as well as stress cycling. In a series of experiments, we measured the retaining force applied along the axis of the joint as well as the force necessary to open the snap-fit by pressing sideways. Based on literature, we formulated the relationship between geometry and mechanical properties. The resulting formulas were tested experimentally and corrected if necessary. The results show that the effective flexural modulus is 45% lower in cantilever snap-fits with width and thickness of less than 3 mm compared to bulk material. Smoothing reduced the flexural modulus as well as the friction even further.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73715073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pull-Out Force of Bean Plants Grown in Agar With Fluidic Microchannels","authors":"Abdul Aziz Azlan, K. B. Lim, A. S. Zuruzi","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-72998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72998","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Agar have long been used as a growth media in biology and medicine. This contribution reports on the results of pull out force of bean plants grown in agar with nutrients-filled microchannels. A jig was developed for pull-out of individual plants grown in agar with nutrients-filled microchannels. Similar tests were carried out on plants grown in agar without nutrients as comparison. A conventional mechanical test machine was used to perform the pull out on days-old Black Eye bean (Vigna Unguiculata) and Mung bean (Vigna Radiata) plants. During pull out tests, load increases linearly with displacement until a maximum load is reached which corresponds to the observed pull-out of the hypocotyl from the agar. In general, load at pull out increases with age of plants. However, when grown without nutrients bean plants develop long tap root length but that does not necessarily translate to larger pull-out force. These observations suggest agar with channels is a suitable platform to study effect of nutrients on root structure and pull-out force.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74173805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Structure Analysis of Carbon-Doped Silicon Oxide Thin Films by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Tetrakis(Trimethylsilyloxy)Silane Precursor","authors":"Jacob Comeaux, William Wirth, J. Courville, Lingyiqian Luo, Hui Yan, Seonhee Jang","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-72026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72026","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Carbon-doped silicon oxide (CDO) thin films as low dielectric constant materials were deposited on both n-type silicon (Si) (100) and indium tin oxide coated polyethylene naphthalate (ITO/PEN) substrates, using the plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of tetrakis(trimethylsilyoxy)silane (TTMSS) precursor. Chemical structures of the CDO films were analyzed by using FTIR (Fourier transformation infrared) spectroscopy and XPS (X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy). The chemical bonds related with hydrocarbon and Si–O were the main characteristics of the CDO films. The prominent peaks from the FTIR spectra included Si–O–Si stretching, Si–CH3 bending, Si–(CH3)x stretching, and CHx stretching modes. XPS spectra composed of the O1s, C1s, and Si2p electron orbitals were used to quantitatively analyze the elemental composition of the CDO films. The growth mechanisms of CDO films were dependent on the substrate type. For the ITO/PEN substrate, the lack of Si atoms on the ITO surface made difficulty in forming initial Si–O bonds, resulting in insufficient Si–O–Si structure. In comparison, the CDO films could grow easily on Si substrates due to pre-existing Si–O bonds on the surface. The chemical structures of the CDO films are expected to affect electrical and mechanical performances.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73993640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of the Material Hardening and Failure of an Aluminum Alloy Sheet via a Simple Shear Test","authors":"Q. Luo, Lin Yuan, Kelin Chen","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-69574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69574","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Numerical simulation of the ductile failure of sheet metals usually requires a hardening response to large strains and a reliable failure criterion. This work investigates the material hardening and shear failure of AA6061-T6 sheet using a newly designed shear specimen. A series of numerical simulations are conducted to investigate the stress and strain states in some critical regions of the specimen, and an optimized geometry is obtained that delays the localized deformation on the edges of the specimen. The newly designed shear specimen is tested using a universal testing machine and the Digital Image Correlation (DIC) technique is adopted to monitor the strain field. The von Mises equivalent strain in the test section reaches 0.79 before the specimen fractures. For comparison, two simple shear tests of AA6061-T6 sheet based on two representative shear specimen designs from the literature are conducted using the same experimental setup. The two shear specimens fail at the strain level between 0.5 and 0.6, lower than the failure strain of 0.79 obtained in ours. This comparison shows the better performance of our newly designed shear specimen in the identification of the shear failure strain of this sheet. The shear stress-strain response of our specimen is also used to establish the material hardening response up to a maximum equivalent strain of 0.56, much higher than the limit strain of 0.09 from the uniaxial tension test, which demonstrates the advantage of using appropriately designed shear specimen in the material hardening identification of sheet metals.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84165039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Mean Stress-Independent Fatigue Model for Bonded Joints With Ductile Adhesives","authors":"Marco Gerini-Romagnoli, S. Nassar","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70176","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A mean stress-independent lap shear fatigue model is proposed for Aluminum 2024 alloy Single Lap Joints (SLJ) that are bonded with ductile, polyurethane-based, adhesive. Fatigue data is generated in the High Cycle Fatigue range, for 4 values of mean stress and multiple levels of alternating load. Individual S-N curves are constructed, for each value of mean stress, and the results are statistically analyzed. A separate logarithmic regression of the entire pool of data is performed, considering maximum stress and fatigue life of the samples. The test data align along the same regression line. As a result, the amount of tests to perform for durability characterization of single lap joints bonded with ductile adhesive can potentially be reduced.\u0000 High sampling frequency information of the displacement of the specimens during fatigue tests is periodically acquired and filtered. The creep-like curve describing the evolution of the mean displacement during the fatigue tests suggests that cold flow phenomena could trigger fatigue failure, rather than the propagation of a crack.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80274949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IMECE2021 Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-fm3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-fm3","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The front matter for this proceedings is available by clicking on the PDF icon.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76940096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion Performance of Different Aluminum Alloy Deposits Fabricated by Lateral Friction Surfacing","authors":"William Relue, Ebrahim Seidi, L. Hihara, Scott F. Miller","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70717","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70717","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Friction surfacing technique is a thermo-mechanical approach for metallic deposition, suitable for a broad range of materials and applications. Friction surfacing can be employed for various industrial purposes such as coating, welding, repairing defective parts, surface hardening, and improving corrosion performance. In this technique, frictional heat generated at the interface of the consumable tool and substrate results in a severe plastic deformation at the end of the rod, enabling the deposition of a consumable material on the substrate surface.\u0000 In this investigation, a novel method in friction surfacing, lateral friction surfacing, is employed to deposit the aluminum coatings. In this novel approach, the side of the consumable tool is pressed against the surface of the substrate, and the material transfer happens from the lateral surface of the tool. This technique provides extremely thin and smooth deposits, which are more consistent compared to the conventional approach of friction surfacing. Moreover, this technique enables fabricating of deposits in lower temperatures, lessening the thermal impacts on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the deposits.\u0000 In this investigation plates of 1018 mild steel were partially coated with various aluminum alloys and corroded in an accelerated corrosion test chamber. The corrosion performance of the partially coated sample was evaluated by mass loss measurement. It was found that AA5086 offered the most corrosion protection. After 13 cycles of GM9540P test, equivalent to approximately 3½ years exposure at a mild/moderate marine site in Hawaii, almost all of the deposited aluminum was corroded off.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82967154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on Tribological Behaviour of ZnO Nano Additives Suspended in SAE 20W-50 Engine Oil","authors":"Sherif Elsoudy, Sayed Y. Akl, A. Abdel‐Rehim, S. Salem","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-66843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-66843","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In internal combustion engines, significant power losses are directly related to the mechanical friction of engine parts. Therefore, controlling tribological performance for engine lubricants has a major role in limiting those losses. In this study, the tribological properties of traditional engine oil with nano ZnO and oleic acid (OA) as a surfactant have been analyzed. Three different concentrations of 0.2, 0.5 and 1 wt.% were investigated using a pin-on-disc tribometer, according to ASTM G-99 with boundary/mixed lubrication regimes. The generated friction and wear characteristics revealed a remarkable reduction in friction coefficient with a range of 8–10%. Analysis of SEM and EDX was conducted on the worn surfaces. Additionally, the colloidal stability of nano dispersion was performed through sedimentation, FTIR, and Zeta analyses.","PeriodicalId":23837,"journal":{"name":"Volume 3: Advanced Materials: Design, Processing, Characterization, and Applications","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90421040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}