Karantin i zahist roslin最新文献

{"title":"Weediness of spring barley crops depending on the forecrop in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"R. Hutianskyi, S. Popov, N. Kuzmenko, V. Bezpalko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.14-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.14-20","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To determine the species composition of weeds, their dominant role, and to establish the type and level of weediness of spring barley crops grown after sugar beet, corn for grain ½ + soybean ½ and spring barley as forecrops in the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. The investigations were conducted in field experiments, in a stationary field, fixed nine-course-fallow-grain-row crop rotation and in monoculture of spring barley by means of route surveys. \u0000results. According to our research during 2011—17, in spring barley crops 56 species of weed plants were revealed. In the conditions of crop rotation, 47 and 50 species were found, respectively, in the fields of culture after sugar beets and corn for grain ½ + soybean ½ as forecrops, and 29 species in monoculture. Spring early and late weed plants are represented in the largest number (48.0—65.5%), and the second and third places were respectively occupied by wintering, winter and biennial (24.1—32.0%), and perennial (10.4—21.3%). The main species of weeds in spring barley crops were: Setaria glauсa, Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum nigrum, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Polygonum lapathifolium, Stachys annua, Fallopia convolvulus, Malva neglecta, Polygonum aviculare, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis after sugar beets as forecrop; S. glauсa, E. crus-galli, C. album, A. retroflexus, S. nigrum, A. artemisiifolia, P. lapathifolium, S. annua, Xanthium strumarium, C. arvense, C. arvensis after corn for grain ½ + soybean ½ as forecrops; S. glauсa, E. crus-galli, A. retroflexus, S. nigrum, X. strumarium, Avena fatua, C. arvense, C. arvensis after spring barley as forecrop. In spring barley crops, the largest proportion of dominance and subdominance (in total) was: A. retroflexus (72%) after sugar beets as forecrop; S. nigrum (72%) and C. arvense (71%) after corn for grain ½ + soybean ½ as forecrops; S. glauсa (72%) and E. crus-galli (71%) in monoculture. The type of weediness of spring barley crops depended on the forecrop, and the level of weediness depended on the year of research. \u0000Conclusions. It was established that in the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the forecrop significantly affects the species composition of weeds, their dominant role and the type of weediness of spring barley crops.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125734821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., in vitro conditions on the seed growth of Amarantus retroflexus L.","authors":"I. Storchous","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.21-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.21-28","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Investigate the herbistatic properties of the herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., regarding its effect on the germination of Amaranthus retroflexus L. seeds, to ensure targeted and rational use in wheat crops, with maximum preservation of the crop and minimal environmental impact. \u0000Methods. Laboratory, visual, computational and comparative, mathematical and statistical. \u0000Results. It was established that after using the herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., with consumption rates of 15.0 g/ ha, 20.0 g/ ha and 25.0 g/ ha in in vitro conditions there was inhibition of the germination of the seeds of common sedum. According to research data obtained under in vitro conditions in Petri dishes on filter paper, in all repetitions of the third and fourth versions of the experiment, where the herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., with consumption rates of 20.0 g/ ha and 25.0 g/ ha, respectively, the level of reduction in the germination of seeds of common sedum was 100.0%. The level of reduction of the germination of the seeds of common styrica in all repetitions of the experiment variant in Petri dishes on filter paper, where the herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., with a consumption rate of 15.0 g/ ha, compared to the control was 83.8%. At the same time, 30 days after treatment in vitro on filter paper and in the soil in the variants of experiments where the herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., with consumption rates of 15.0 g/ ha, 20.0 g/ ha, and 25.0 g/ ha, there were no germinated seeds at all, the level of reduction in germination was 100.0%. The total level of reduction of the germination of the seeds of common sedum in the soil was the highest in the fourth variant of the experiment, where the herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., with a consumption rate of 25.0 g/ ha — 76.8%. However, compared to the total indicator of the decrease in germination of seeds of the third variant of the experiment in the soil where the herbicide was applied with a consumption rate of 20.0 g/ ha, the specified indicator of the fourth variant of the experiment improved by 4.4%. \u0000Conclusions. According to the data of the research, it was found that the level of germination of the seeds of the common milkweed was reduced due to the use of the herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., with consumption rates of 15.0 g/ ha, 20.0 g/ ha and 25.0 g/ ha, in vitro conditions in Petri dishes both on filter paper and in soil. At the same time, herbicidal properties were better manifested in the experiments that were performed in vitro on filter paper due to direct contact of the herbicide with the object of research, which ensured 100.0% control of the germination of the seeds of common sedum in the variants where the herbicide Granstar Pro 75, w.g., with consumption rates of 20.0 g/ ha and 25.0 g/ ha. The leading fact of the in vitro research is the establishment of a clear tendency to decrease the germination of the seeds of common sedum in the soil, which is observed on the 10th day after treatment with th","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114730669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agroclimatic and agroecotoxicological justification of zonal chemical protection systems against harmful organisms for field crops under conditions of climate change in Ukraine","authors":"O. Borzykh, L. Bublyk, V. Chaika, L. Gavrylyuk, I. Kruk, O. Shevchuk, T. Neverovska, O. Bakhmut","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.3-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.3-9","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Agroclimatic and agroecotoxicological zoning of the territory of Ukraine in order to justify ecologically safe zonal systems of chemical protection against harmful organisms, their optimization and adaptation to changes in climatic conditions and phytosanitary state of agrocenoses in different soil-climatic zones of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. Analytical-synthetic and experimental methods were used in the research. Literary sources, reports of the Institute of Plant Protection, data on the distribution and number of pests given in the annual reviews of the Department of Phytosanitary Safety of the State Service of Ukraine on Food Safety and Consumer Protection, databases of the State Statistic Service and the Hydrometeorological Center of Ukraine, as well as the results of field experiments were analyzed. Phytosanitary and ecotoxicological monitoring was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The degree of hazard of pesticide use was assessed using an integral 7-point scale, the risk — according to the agro-ecotoxicological index (AETI). \u0000Results. Ecological and statistical analysis of long-term databases, dynamics of agrometeorological indicators allows us to come to the conclusion that during the last 10 years climate changes have accelerated. They manifested through the equalization of the temperature field across the country, the increase in the sum of effective temperatures, and a deterioration of heat and moisture supply. This led to a disruption in the functioning of agrocenoses, a decrease in tolerance to the pesticide load. Under conditions of extension of the specified trends, significant disruptions in the functioning of the agricultural sector should be expected, considering the speed of changes. With the help of the Arc GIS — Arc INFO software complex, the agroclimatic and agroecotoxicological zoning of the territory of Ukraine under conditions of climatic changes of 2010—2020 was carried out. A decrease in the self-cleaning ability of the territory has been established. This is especially noticeable in the Forest Steppe, where the zonal self-cleaning index decreased from 0.70—0.50 to 0.60—0.45. Maps of agro-climatic zones and regions of Ukraine with different self-cleaning capabilities have been created. \u0000Conclusions. Regular addition and update of agro-climatic regulatory information under conditions of climate change is used for the correct selection and placement of agricultural areas, crops, assessment of conditions for their growth and development, planning of field work periods, forecasting of crop production in a specific year. This information is necessary for improving the culture of agriculture, increasing the production of plant products along with the wide application of modern technologies of crop cultivation, in particular chemical protection against harmful organisms.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114196072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of fertilizers on the damage of spring barley plants by intrastalk pests and grain yield","authors":"N. Kuzmenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.15-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.15-20","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To study the population and harmfulness of intrastalk pests in the agrocenosis of spring barley depending on the use of fertilizers. \u0000Methods. The investigations was carried out in a stationary field, fixed nine-course-fallow-grain-row crop rotation at the Department for Plant Production and Cultivar Investigations of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of the National Academy of Sciences (Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine) during 2011—20. \u0000Results. During the years of research, the species composition of intrastalk pests was represented by: Oscinella pusilla Mg., O. frit L., Chaetocnema hortensis Geoffr., and Mayetiola destructor Say. Oscinella pusilla Mg. and O. frit L. dominated, damage to shoots by their larvae varied from 1.9% (2016) to 61.1% (2013). Damage to shoots by Chaetocnema hortensis Geoffr. larvae ranged from 0.4% (2015) to 35.5% (2011). The greatest damage to shoots by the larvae of Mayetiola destructor Say. was registered in 2018 — 5.7%. Application of fertilizers (manure 6.6 t/ha of the crop rotation area, aftereffect, and mineral fertilizers in the norm N30P30K30 or N45P45K45) provided increased resistance of spring barley plants to damage by pests. On the average over 2011…2020 year period, in the block without fertilizers, damage to shoots by Oscinella pusilla Mg. and O. frit L. larvae was 21.6%, in the fertilized block — 19.3% (decrease at the tendency level). At the tillering stage, the undamaged shoots on the background without fertilizers was 72.5%, on the fertilized background — 76.1% (difference at the tendency level). A reliable converse average correlation was established between the damage of shoots by intrastalk pests and the grain yield of spring barley (r = –0.5). Averaged over ten years, the grain yield in the block without fertilizers was 3.25 t/ha, with the application of fertilizers — 4.69 t/ha, there was a difference of 30.7%. \u0000Conclusions. The positive role of fertilizers in regulating the number of intrastalk pests of spring barley and increasing grain yield was established.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"332 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115877370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State of harmful entomocomplex in winter wheat crops in Ukraine under the conditions of climate change","authors":"O. Borzykh, V. Chaika, A. Fedorenko, V. Borusenko, T. Neverovska, I. Vlasenko, N. Miniailo","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.10-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.10-14","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To establish the multi-year dynamics of the number of the main pests of winter wheat and the indicator of entomological diversity of agricultural landscapes in the conditions of climate change in Ukraine. \u0000Methods. Laboratory, statistical and analytical. The state of populations during 2005—2017 was studied using the example of an indicator group of species — the entomological complex of the main pests of winter wheat crops. As initial data, a long-term database of the number of populations of the entomocomplex in different natural and climatic zones, which is monitored by specialists of the phytosanitary safety department of the State Production and Consumer Service of Ukraine, was used for many years. \u0000Results. According to the analysed data on the state of indicator populations during 2009—2017, the indicators of the population size and weighted LPI were constantly decreasing. The correlation between the size of an insect’s population and the course of natural warming does not make it possible to unambiguously explain the state of populations by the effect of an increased amount of heat. \u0000Conclusions. 1. The analysis of the long-term state of populations of a harmful entomocomplex of winter wheat as an indicator group shows that pests react differently to warming depending on the biology of the species and allows us to come to a conclusion about the gradual decrease in the number of insects in agricultural landscapes under conditions of climate warming in Ukraine. This finding is in good agreement with the literature on global depletion of invertebrate populations. 2. Under the conditions when most species of the harmful entomocomplex of winter wheat in different natural and climatic zones of Ukraine show depression against the background of global warming, planned chemical treatments against pests should be carried out only after careful phytosanitary monitoring of agrocenoses in order to clarify the degree of threat to the crop, which will help reduce pesticide load on the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131334066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monitoring of the spread and development of pests and diseases in sugar beet stands","authors":"V. Sabluk, N. Zapolska, K. Shendryk, V. Dymytrov","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.36-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.36-40","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To determine the spread and development of pests and diseases in sugar beet crops and their threat to crop plants. \u0000Methods. Analysis of the reports of regional forecasting and signaling laboratories of the State Vetphytosanitary Service of Ukraine and the results of own observations conducted at research and breeding stations of the Institute of Bioenergy Crops and Sugar Beet of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and beet farms of Ukraine regarding the prevalence and development of phytophages and pathogens, their reservation in agrocenoses. Determination of the threat from them to crops according to the Methodology of research in entomology and phytopathology and the Methodology of conducting research in beet growing. \u0000Results. It was established that certain types of pests have a significant reservation in agrocenoses and other stations and annually threaten sugar beet crops in various beet harvesting zones. In particular, from year to year, the greatest danger to crop seedlings and plants during their growing season is caused by beetles of the common beet weevil Asproparthenis punctiventris (Bothynoderes punctiventris Germ.), the number of which significantly exceeds the economic threshold of its harmfulness. Among other types of harmful insects that annually threaten sugar beet crops, the gray beet weevil (Tanymecus palliates F.), beet fleas (Chaetocnema sp.), shieldworms (Cassida sp.), stem weevil (Lixus sultilis Beh.) will be dangerous in future years.), the number of which varies within the thresholds of their harmfulness. Regarding diseases, there is still a threat of significant damage to culture plants by cercospora (Cercospora beticila Sacc.), fomosis (Phoma betae Frank), powdery mildew (Erysiphe communis (Wallr Grev f.betae Jacz.)), and others. In particular, according to observations, cercosporosis is gaining pace of intensive development due to favorable weather conditions, so we recommend farms to take measures to reduce plant damage. Precipitation, which passes through centers at the end of summer in most regions of Ukraine, can lead to significant susceptibility of root crops to various types of rot, which can also lead to a decrease in crop yield and quality deterioration. \u0000Conclusions. In recent years, favorable conditions have been created in Ukraine for the development and spread of many types of pests and diseases in sugar beet crops, which leads to an increase in their harmfulness compared to previous seasons. In particular, the population density of beetles of the common beet weevil was 2—18 specimens/m2, which is ten times higher than the standard. The same applies to other pests and diseases, a significant reserve of which may threaten crops in the coming year.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128051672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Grape leaf curl and protection against it in the vineyards of Zakarpattya of Ukraine","authors":"V. Fedorenko, L. Yushchenko, O. Lohoida, G. Vachyla","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.29-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.4.29-35","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To clarify the features of biology, seasonal dynamics of flight, distribution, damage and protection of grapes from grape leafhopper Lobesia botrana Den. U Shift in Transcarpathia of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. Field. The research was conducted during 2018—2020 on the basis of Chizay LLC. The dynamics of the pest’s flight was studied by the method of pheromone monitoring using «Atrakon» pheromone traps and synthetic sex pheromones of the company «Csalomon» (Hungary). In order to detect damage to grapes by grape leafroller, the population of inflorescences by caterpillars of the first generation and bunches of the second generation was recorded. The records were made on two grape varieties — Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon. In 2018—2020, Aktara 25 w.g. preparations were used against grape leaf curl in the vineyards under the conditions of Chizay LLC, Zakarpattia region. (thiamethoxam, 250 g/kg) and Mavrik EV (tau-fluvalinate, 240 g/l) according to generally accepted methods. \u0000Results. In connection with global warming, the phenology of the pest has changed somewhat. Based on this, the system of protective measures against cluster leaf curl must be adapted to today’s weather conditions. As a result of three-year observations, the changes that occurred in the flight dynamics of the grape leafhopper were recorded, in particular, the periods of mass reproduction of Lobesia botrana were determined depending on hydrothermal conditions, and the timing of protective measures was adjusted. \u0000Conclusions. The development and spread of cluster leaf curling was analyzed. In 2018 and 2019, the peak flight of the first generation of the cluster leafhopper was stable without sharp outbreaks of the spread of the pest — 155—161 copies/trap. In 2020, the development of the first generation of the leaf twister began sharply. During the mass flight period, 321 specimens/trap were recorded. In 2018, on the contrary, the second generation of leafhoppers developed rapidly — up to 313 butterflies per trap, this was facilitated by weather conditions. Such outbreaks of the number of grape leafhoppers led to significant damage to grapes and affected the yield. Damage to grapes at the initial stage of development and spread of the pest was: Merlot variety — 16—18%, Cabernet Sauvignon variety — 19—23%. In the control area, damage reached 30%. The effectiveness of chemical protection was 86.3—88.7%.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130050915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytosanitary assessment of the state of populations of the Japanese grape leafhopper (Arboridia kakogawana Mats.) in grape agrocenoses of the Northern Black Sea region of Ukraine","authors":"L. Baranets, H. Balan, O. Perepelytsya, A. Leshchenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.37-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.37-44","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To clarify the species composition of the order Cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadinea (Auchenorrhyncha)) and their distribution in the grape agrocenoses of the Northern Black Sea Coast of Ukraine. Investigate the peculiarities of the seasonal dynamics of the Japanese grape cicada (Arboridia kakogawana Mats.) and identify the varieties that are most susceptible to damage by this leafhopper. \u0000Methods. Phytosanitary monitoring of leafhopper distribution in grape agrocenoses, the results of which determined the species composition of cicadas, the number of populations and the nature of plant population. The study of seasonal dynamics and determination of the flight peaks of the imago of the Japanese grape leafhopper was carried out with the help of yellow glue traps. \u0000Results. The data of the increase of species composition and expansion of the range of the order Cicadinea in agrocenoses of vineyards in the conditions of the Northern Black Sea zone of Ukraine are presented. The most significant changes were noted in invasive species of leafhoppers. The reasons are the process of adapting the development of cicadas to the conditions of grape ecosystems in the region. The dynamics of the number of Japanese grape leafhopper (Arboridia kakogawana Mats.) is given and the periods of its maximum abundance in industrial vineyards are traced. The number of generations of A. kakogawana was determined and the varieties that are most susceptible to damage by this cicada are indicated. \u0000Conclusions. According to the results of the research, 12 species of leafhoppers from different ecological and trophic groups belonging to 5 families were identified. It was noted that among the studied leafhoppers, the most common is the invasive species of the Japanese grape leafhopper, which ranges from 28.7 to 46.5% of the total number of populated bushes. It is noted that in the conditions of the Northern Black Sea leafhopper develops in three generations. Adults are caught from early June to mid-October. During this time, 3 peaks of leafhopper are recorded — the first — in mid-July, the second — in the first decade of August and the third peak — in early September. The development cycle of one generation is about 35—40 days. Migration to wintering grounds begins in mid-September. It was found that all surveyed grape varieties were inhabited by Japanese grape leafhopper, but it was analyzed that the number of populations in the varieties is different. Varieties with medium or more intense leaf pubescence were more intensively populated, such as Cabernet Sauvignon, Sukholimansky White, Odesa Souvenir, Chardonnay, Odessa Black, Rkatsiteli and Muscat Tairovsky. The smallest number of leafhoppers was found on varieties without pubescence or with weak pubescence of leaves on the underside, it is Arcadia, Flora, Riddle, Raisin Tairovsky, Kardishah and others.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116996371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of herbicides application on soybean","authors":"M. Kyrychok, S. Remeniuk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.20-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.20-25","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To establish the effectiveness of the use of herbicides against weeds in soybean crops. \u0000Methods. Field and laboratory. \u0000Results. The main technologies for growing soybeans are based on the application of soil herbicides after sowing but before the appearance of crop seedlings. The main task of the research was to study the effectiveness of soil action and post-emergence herbicides on the destruction of weeds in soybean crops during the growing season. Establishing the specifics of the application of post-emergence herbicides makes it possible to reliably protect soybeans in case of impossibility or ineffective application of soil herbicides. Separate application of herbicides in smaller doses was used: Nabob, s.c. (bentazone, 480 g/l) 1.0 l/ha on the 4th day after sowing + 1.2 l/ha in the phase of 1—2 soybean leaves; Pari, s.c. (ima-zetapyr, 100 g/l) 0.3 l/ha on the 4th day after sowing + 0.4 l/ha in the phase of 1—2 soybean leaves; Pulsar 40, s.c. (imazamox, 40 g/l) 0.3 l/ha + 0.4 l/ha in the phase of 1—2 soybean leaves; Fabian, w.g. (imazethapyr, 450 g/kg + chlorimuron-ethyl, 150 g/kg) 0.03 kg/ha on the 4th day after sowing + 0.04 kg/ha in the phase of 1—2 soybean leaves; Harmony 75, w.g., (thifensu-lfuron-methyl, 750 g/kg) 0.003 kg/ha + surfactant Trend, 0.2 l/ha twice — after sowing on the 4th day and in the phase of 1—2 soybean leaves. \u0000Conclusions. The effectiveness of the imadazoline group of herbicides with split application, where the active substance acts both through the leaves and through the root system of weeds, was lower on average by 11%, than with single application. On average, during the years of research, for the application of the herbicide Pari in the phase of 1—2 soybean leaves, s.c. (1.0 l/ha) destroyed 89.0% of weed seedlings, and with separate application at lower rates (0.3 l/ha on the 4th day after sowing and 0.4 l/ha in phase 1—2 soybean leaves) 78.3% of weeds died. Similarly, for the introduction of Fabian herbicide in phase 1—2 soybean leaves, w.g. (0.1 kg/ha) the efficiency of using the full rate of the drug was 83.8%, and with separate application (0.03 kg/ha on the 4th day after sowing + 0.04 kg/ha in the phase of 1—2 leaves) soybean weed destruction was 72.6%. The use of herbicides with a contact action showed a better efficiency of action with a two-time application. After applying the full dose of the drug Nabob, s.c. (3.0 l/ha) once reduced the number of weeds by 68.7%, and with two applications (1.0 l/ ha on the 4th day after sowing + 1.2 l/ ha in phase 1—2 soybean leaves) the effectiveness of the drug was 83.0%. For Harmony, w.g. with a one-time application of the full rate of the drug, it's  overall effectiveness was 67.6%, and when using 3.0 g/ha on the 4th day after sowing and 3.0 g/ ha + 0.2 l/ha of surfactant Trend in phase 1—2 leaves of soybeans — 80.4%.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133733978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of different consumption rates of the herbicide Harmony 75, VG on the level of stress in soybean plants","authors":"I. Storchous, O. Ivaschenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.26-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.26-36","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To establish the optimally high efficiency of weed control in soybean crops with a two-time application of the herbicide Harmony 75, VG to relieve stress in crop plants. \u0000Methods. Field, laboratory, quantitative-weighing, visual, calculation-comparative, mathematical-statistical. \u0000Results. It was established that a one-time spraying of crops with the herbicide Harmony 75, VG with the maximum consumption rate from the recommended (8.0 g/ ha) could be one of the factors that induced stress in soybean plants, delaying the intensity of photosynthesis and partially inhibiting other physiological processes (chlorophyll content a and b 5 days after spraying decreased (0.8 g/ dm2) compared to the data obtained before spraying (0.9 g/ dm2)). Research has established that two-time spraying of crops with the herbicide Harmony 75, VG at a rate of 5.0 g/ ha, the first — during the phase of the first triple leaf in soybean plants, the second — on the 4th day after the first, with observance of the time interval, ensured seedling control weeds and restrained the formation of vegetative mass, the average indicator of which was significantly lower compared to the average indicator established in the plots of the control version of the experiment, and was 15.7% of it. According to the results of the research, the average seed yield was the closest in value to the average yield of soybean seeds, which was obtained in the control plots of crops, where 4 consecutive manual weeding of crops was carried out during the growing season and the segetal vegetation was completely destroyed (3.31 t/ ha or 91.2%), recorded on the plots of crops with a two-time treatment of Harmony 75, VG with a rate of consumption of 5.0 g/ ha + 200 ml/ ha of PAR Trend 90 (the first treatment during the phase of the first triple leaf in soybean plants, the second treatment at 4 — that day after one). \u0000Conclusions. Two-time spraying with the herbicide Harmony 75, VG, with a rate of consumption of 5.0 g/ ha + 200 ml/ ha of surfactant Trend 90 (the first time — during the phase of the first triple leaf in soybean plants and the second time — on the 4th day after the first) makes it possible to control the emergence of weeds, restrain the formation of vegetative mass, causes reduced stress in crop plants compared to a one-time introduction of the recommended rate, and ensures a higher yield of soybean seeds.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129112521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}