Karantin i zahist roslin最新文献

{"title":"Weediness of spring cereal ear crops depends on the forecrop, tillage, fertilizers and herbicides","authors":"R. Hutianskyi, S. Popov, K. Popova, N. Kuzmenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.9-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.9-16","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To analyze the species composition of weeds, their dominant role and to determine the type and level of weediness of spring cereal ear crops depending on different forecrops, methods of basic tillage, fertilization systems and herbicides in the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. The investigations were conducted in field experiments of spring cereal crops (barley, wheat, triticale) in a stationary field, fixed nine-course-fallow-grain-row crop rotation by means of route surveys. \u0000results. According to the data of 2016—2018, during the cultivation of spring cereal ear crops in crop rotation after soybeans, corn for grain and sugar beets as forecrops, 38, 34 and 45 species of weeds were identified, respectively. In total, 52 species of weed plants were found in the crops, of which 27 species occurred after all forecrops. The largest number of weeds in agrocenoses was represented by early and late spring species (48.9—58.8%), and the second and third places were respectively occupied by wintering, winter and biennial (26.5—31.1%), and perennial (14.7—20.0%). The main species of weeds in cereal crops were: after soybean forecrop, Setaria glauсa, Echinochloa crus-galli, Chenopodium album, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Cirsium arvense, Convolvulus arvensis; after corn for grain forecrop, S. glauсa, E. crus-galli, C. album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum nigrum, A. artemisiifolia, Polygonum lapathifolium, C. arvense, C. arvensis; after sugar beets forecrop, S. glauсa, E. crus-galli, C. album, A. retroflexus, S. nigrum, A. artemisiifolia, P. lapathifolium, C. arvense, Sonchus arvensis, C. arvensis. The largest number of weeds (33 species each) was found after sugar beets forecrop in the control (plowing, without fertilizers) and after chisel tillage (manure, after effect 30 t/ha + N30P30K30). Herbicides and forecrops significantly influenced the dominant and subdominant positions of certain weed species. In the crops, the cereal annual-bicotyledonous-root-sprouting type of weediness predominated (44.2%). The type of weediness of the crops depended on the use of agricultural practices in the years of research. \u0000Conclusions. In the conditions of the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, weediness of spring cereal ear crops depended significantly on the forecrop, the method of basic tillage, the fertilization system, and the use of herbicides.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"204 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140746777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The dominant pests (Coleoptera) of cereal crops, and population forecast for this","authors":"A. Fedorenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.23-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.23-27","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Create a forecast of the development of harmful organisms in cereal crops, to determine the economic feasibility of applying plant protection measures. \u0000Methods. Analysis of the phytosanitary state of cereal crops in Ukraine, where the main attention is paid to the dominant pest species. Analysis of the areas of distribution of these pests, population dynamics, their phenology and the state of populations in the context of natural and climatic zones (Steppe, Forest-steppe and Polissya). To assess the phytosanitary state of crops, and its dynamic changes, the following are used: — the results of phytosanitary monitoring of crops (according to generally accepted methods), which were carried out directly by the staff of the forecast laboratory of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS; — current reports of researchers from other laboratories of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS from the places of business trips; — materials of decadal reports of regional plant protection stations, as well as signaling and forecasting points; — information on the phytosanitary situation from regional state research stations and institutes of NAAS. \u0000Results. A study of the phytosanitary state of cereal crops on the territory of Ukraine was carried out, the dominant species of pests were identified, materials were prepared regarding the peculiarities of the phytosanitary state in the conditions of the year, and a long-term (annual) forecast of the development of pests for the next year was drawn up, based on the appropriate analysis of the data obtained. \u0000Conclusions. In recent years, climate change in Ukraine has manifested itself through an increase in the average annual temperature, and an increase in the sum of effective temperatures. A decrease in the zone of sufficient soil moisture was noted, its line shifted to the north. Under the influence of abiotic factors, pests constantly change the boundaries of their habitat and zones of damage, therefore reliable protection of crops is impossible without constant monitoring, constant clarification of the species composition of phytophages, and phytosanitary forecast. Improved methodological approaches for assessing the phytosanitary state of acrocyanoses and the promptness of obtaining relevant data will allow agricultural producers to make timely decisions on the economic feasibility of using certain plant protection products.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"520 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Actual distribution and modeling of potential occurence of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (le Conte, 1868) (Coleoptera) in Ukraine, based on GIS-analysis of climatic factors","authors":"V. Saliienko, V. Fedorenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.33-39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.33-39","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To investigate the actual status of distribution and to model the potential distribution of the quarantine pest Diabrotica virgifera virgifera le Conte — the western corn rootworm (WCR) in Ukraine and the surrounding territories. \u0000Methods. Field. The study uses data resulting from route survey and pheromone monitoring in Ukraine. Laboratory. Laboratory. Information on the implementation of the quarantine regime for the Western corn rootworm in 2021—2022 and species distribution databases. For modeling GIS-analysis were used MAXENT environmental modeling software tools and a set of geoinformation layers corresponding to 19 average annual climate factors of the WorldClim system. \u0000Results. A model of regions with favorable satisfactory and unfavorable conditions for the spread of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera le Conte in Ukraine and neighboring areas was developed. In Europe, the most favorable conditions for the spread of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera le Conte are in the western part of the middle Danube lowland and the eastern part of the Dinaric highlands and in the southern part of the Alpine foothills. Another region with favorable conditions is the extreme north-eastern part of the middle Danube lowland and pre-Carpathian regions. In Ukraine the most favorable are Transcarpathia and Precarpathia — Pre-Carpathian highland region, almost the entire Western Ukrainian region. Uplands of the Podilsk-Prydniprovsk region make up almost the entire region of favorable conditions for the spread of the crucian carp. The eastern part of the Volyn Polissia Zone is the continuation of the possible distribution of the range. Another significant area with favorable conditions is the Zone of Kyiv Polissia with adjacent territories of the eastern and southern parts of Zhytomyr Polissia and on the Left Bank-southeastern part of Chernihiv Polissia. \u0000Conclusions. In most of the regions of Ukraine where corn is grown, a quarantine regime for WCR has already been implemented, and most of the regions have favorable and satisfactory conditions for the spread of Diabrotica virgifera virgifera le Conte. Accordingly, taking into account the modeling data and the already existing foci of WCR spreading, its spread over a larger territory of Ukraine, including where the pest has already been recorded, should be expected in the next 2—3 years, and growth in other areas over the course of 10 years.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"1072 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antagonistic properties of preparation to themicromycetes Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl","authors":"I. Beznosko, T. Gorgan, I. Mosiychuk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.40-44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.40-44","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To determine the antagonistic properties of the preparations MycoHelp, FitoHelp, Trichodermin-bio and Haupsin to the micromycetes Fusarium oxysporum Schltdl. \u0000Methods. To study the influence of biological preparations on the growth and development of Fusarium oxysporum micromycetes, were chosen the preparations — MycoHelp, Fitohelp, Trichodermin-bio and Haupsin. The research was conducted in the laboratory of biocontrol of agroecosystems and organic production of the Institute of Agroecology and Nature Management of the National Academy of Sciences. Determined Was determined the sensitivity of the micromycete Fusarium oxysporum to the studied the preparations. They were calculated rate of radial growth of the mycelium of micromycetes and the intensity of sporulation. \u0000Results. The micromycete F. oxysporum turned out to be the most sensitive to the preparations MycoHelp and Trichodermin-bio, where the colonies of the micromycete reached 8.7 and 30.5 mm. Micromycetes are less sensitive to Fitohelp and Gaupin, where the growth of the colony was 45.2 and 54.6 mm. Under the influence preparations of Trichodermin-bio, the growth rate of the F. oxysporum colony decreased to 0.1 mm/h, MycoHelp increased to 0.2 mm/h, Phytohelp to 0.5 mm/h, and Haupsin to 0.7 mm/h on the 4th day and decreases on the 6th day to 0.1 mm/h. On the control version, the growth rate was linear from 0.2 mm/h (on the 2nd day) to 0.7 mm/h (on the 6th day). The preparations Trichodermin-bio and Myco Help, which contain antagonistic fungi, significantly reduced the sporulation of the micromycete F. oxysporum, which ranged from 121.243 to 343.276 thousand units/ml. Compared to the control, which was characterized by a high intensity of sporulation, where the number of spores was above 1 million. \u0000Conclusions. It turns out to be the most sensitive to the preparations MycoHelp and Trichodermin-bio, where the zone of lack of growth is clearly visible, and less sensitive to the preparations Fitohelp and Gaupin. The growth rate of the colony of F. oxysporum under the influence of the drug Trichodermin-bio is low and reaches 0.1 mm/h. On the 2nd and 4th days, the growth rate increased to 0.2 mm/h under the influence of the drug MycoHelp, up to 0.5 mm/h under the influence of the Fitohelp preparations, and up to 0.7 mm/h under the influence of Haupsyn. This indicates that the preparations inhibit the growth of the micromycete F. oxysporum. The intensity of sporulation of the micromycete F. oxysporum significantly decreased under the influence of the preparations and ranged from 121.243 to 668.420 thousand units/ ml. Compared to the control, which was characterized by a high intensity of sporulation, where the number of spores was above 1 million. The preparations Trichodermin-bio and Myco Help, which contain antagonistic fungi, reduce the sporulation of the micromycete F. oxysporum by 3—9 times. Research in this direction deepens knowledge of the process of interaction of micromycetes a","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"203 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fruit pests of plum plantations of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and efficiency of protection","authors":"V. Filyov, L. Іurуk, N. Krikun","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.28-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.28-32","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To determine the technical effectiveness of pesticides of different origin against fruit-damaging pests of plum in the conditions of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. Field, field-laboratory. The species composition of plum fruit pests was studied during systematic surveys in plum plantations of the L.P. Symyrenko Experimental Station of Pomology of the Institute of Horticulture of NAAS during 2021—2023. Accounting was carried out according to generally accepted methods. The research scheme included 8 variants. Yield and marketability were recorded during harvesting. The technical efficiency of Mospilan, RP (acetamiprid, 200 g/kg), Proclaim, 5 SG, v.g. (emamectin benzoate, 50 g/ kg) and Bitoxibacillin-BTU®r (bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis var. Thuringiensis, 1 ml of the drug contains 3 billion cells and 0.5% — 0.7% exotoxin) was determined at different consumption rates. \u0000Results. In the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, the species composition of plum fruit pests is represented by black plum trach (Hoplocampa minuta Christ.), plum moth (Grapholitha funebrana Tr.) and thick-skinned weevil (Eurytoma schreineri Schr.). The most numerous and harmful species in 2021—2022 was the black plum borer, and in 2023 — the plum moth. \u0000Conclusions. Mospilan RP, Proclaim, 5 SG, v.g. and Bitoxibacillin-BTU® in plum plantations provided a decrease in the number of fruit-damaging pests, which made it possible to obtain higher-grade products. The technical efficiency was: for plum trach — 78.5—88.5%, plum moth — 81.0—85.0, and the weevil — 73.0—79.0%. During the years of research, all preparations showed the lowest effectiveness against plum borer.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"234 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140748801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entomocomplex of Radish in Open-field Cultivation in the Central Part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"S. Shchetina, I. Mostoviak, V. Fedorenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.3-8","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To specify the species composition of insect pests affecting radish (Raphanus sativus (L.) convar. radicula (Pers) Sazon.) in open-field cultivation conditions in the central part of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. The study was conducted following commonly accepted methods in entomology and vegetable growing. From 2008 to 2022, we investigated the species diversity of insects, dominant species, their abundance, and the structure of the harmful entomocomplex in radish crops grown in open-field conditions on household plots and farms in the Cherkasy region. \u0000Results. In the entomological complex of radish, 59 species of phytophagous insects from 20 families and 8 orders were identified: Coleoptera — 29%, Lepidoptera — 27%, Homoptera — 15%, Diptera — 10%, Orthoptera — 9%, Thysanoptera — 5%, Hemiptera — 3%, Hymenoptera — 2%. Sixteen dominant species of phytophagous insects were found in radish crops, including diamondback moth (Plutella maculipennis Curt.), crucifer flea beetles (Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze), striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta undulata Kutsch.), cabbage white butterfly (Pieris brassicae L.), turnip moth (Agrotis segetum Denis&Schiff.) and owlet moth (Lacanobia oleracea L.), crucifer shield bug (Eurydema ventralis Kol.), cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.), spring root maggot (Delia brassicae Bouche) and summer root maggot (Delia floralis Fallen), seedcorn maggot (Delia platura Mg.), sawfly (Athalia rosae L.), stem weevil (Ceutorrhynchus quadridens Panz.), tobacco thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), turnip sawfly (Entomoscelis adonidis Pallas), and crucifer webworm (Evergestis extimalis Scop.). Through multi-year studies, the periods of insect damage corresponding to radish developmental stages were determined. The most critical damage to radish plants by harmful insects occurred during the initial stages of development (ВВСН 0—9) and from emergence to the growth and formation of the root crop (BBCH 42—48). \u0000Conclusions. It was found that among the identified phytophagous insects in radish crops, the most economically significant damage was caused by the cabbage aphid, crucifer flea beetles, striped flea beetle, spring cabbage fly, and seedcorn maggot. On average over the research period (2008—2022), the largest areas of radish crops were infested by the diamondback moth, crucifer flea beetles, and striped flea beetle, cabbage white butterfly, winter and owlet moths, cabbage shield bug, and cabbage aphid, ranging from 5% to 80%, reaching a maximum in some years up to 60—100% of the area.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"219 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological methods of weed control in paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) plantations","authors":"H. Nychkaliuk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.16-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.16-19","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To study the dynamics of weed infestation in young paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa) plantations and develop a weed control system that ensures the successful growth and development of paulownia plantations. To investigate the possibility of using environmentally friendly methods of weed control in the paulownia plantations in the Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. Field methods were used in the experiment. The statistical processing of the experimental data was performed using Microsoft Office Excel. \u0000Results. The experiment was carried out to study weed control methods and ensure efficient use of soil water. The soil in the plant zone was mulched with straw (10 cm layer), covered with black polyethylene (25 mkm) film or spanbond (100 g/ m2). In the young paulownia plantations of the 10th year of cultivation, where no weed control measures were applied, the active growth of weeds was observed. The highest number of weeds was represented by Setaria glauca L. (17.5 plants/ m2), Echinochloa crus-galli (25.2 plants/ m2), Chenopodium album (15.1 plants/ m2), Elymus repens (21.2 plants/ m2), Sinapis arvensis (7.0 plants/ m2), Convolvulus arvensis (6.7 plants/ m2), and others. \u0000Conclusions. It was found that the mulching of young paulownia plantations with straw (10 cm layer) is an effective practice that ensures a high productivity of paulownia, with a plant height of 166 cm. The most effective method was covering the soil with black polyethylene film, with a plant height of 173 cm.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"4 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140747215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of herbicide protection on the yield of annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in the conditions of Western Forest Steppe","authors":"I. Mostoviak, I. Krykunov, A. Shuvar, I. Senyk, H. Sydoruk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.20-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2024.1.20-23","url":null,"abstract":"Methods. Field, quantitative to determine weediness of crops, mathematical and statistical to assess the reliability of the data obtained. \u0000Results. It was established that the species composition of the dicot segetal vegetation in the sunflower agrocenosis was mainly represented by white quinoa (Chenopodium album L.), common bittersweet (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), birch mustard (Polygonum convolvulus L.), field mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.). Among the variants of the experiment, the highest number of weeds was noted in the control without herbicides — 31.2 weeds/ m2. The introduction of soil and insurance herbicides contributed to the reduction of weediness of sunflower crops. The negative influence of segetal vegetation on the formation of the yield of the studied crop has been proven, which manifested itself in a decrease of its seed productivity with an increase in the number of weeds in the crops. Thus, in the control variant without the use of herbicides the yield of sunflower was the lowest and amounted to 1.55 t/ ha due to strong weediness of the crops. The highest yield of sunflower (4.13 t/ ha) was noted for the variant in which the herbicide Oscar Premium, s.e. was applied to the seedlings. at the rate of 3.75 l/ ha and post-emergence spraying of crops with a tank mixture of herbicides Challenge, s.c., 1.0 l/ ha and Heliantex, s.c., 0.045 l/ ha with the addition of Vivolt surfactant 0.25 l/ ha. \u0000Conclusions. The lowest weediness of sunflower agrocenoses (1.5 units/ m2) at the time of harvesting was noted on the variant with the use of ground (Oscar Premium, s.e. 3.75 l/ ha) and tank mixture of insurance herbicides (Challenge, s.c., 1.0 l/ ha + Heliantex, s.c., 0.045 l/ ha + Vivolt surfactant 0.25 l/ ha) in the phase of BBCH 14. The highest yield of the researched crop was also noted on the specified version of the experiment — 4.13 t/ ha, which is 2.58 t/ ha more than the control version.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"99 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140750526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New locality records for Steinernema and Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) fauna of Ukraine","authors":"A. Kovtun","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.39-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.39-45","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Of this study is to present new locality records (from agricultural ecosystems) for Steinernema and Heterorhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditida: Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae) fauna of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. The object of our research were entomopathogenic nematodes collected from different localities of Ukraine between 2016 and 2021. We used stereoscopic microscope MBS-9, light microscope Carl Zeiss Primo Star 100x—1000x and specialized keys for entomopathogenic nematodes identification. \u0000Results. We analyzed 312 samples for entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae, Heterorhabditidae). Entomopathogenic nematodes were isolated from Zhytomyr region, Chernihiv region and Kyiv region. Entomopathogenic nematodes from Zhytomyr region and Chernihiv region is a new record for Ukraine. EPN-positive soil samples with Steinernema spp. were noticeably pre-dominating over the Heterorhabditis spp. (ratio 1.5 to 1). Three species of entomopathogenic nematodes (S. carpocapsae, Steinernema sp. «glaseri»-group and H. bacteriophora), have been described. The information on the specimens location and brief notes on the habitats is provided. In present study, we examined differences in the morphological and morphometric characters between two EPN species from different regions/zones of Ukraine. \u0000Conclusions. We found new locality records for two entomopathogenic nematodes species: S. сarpocapsae and H. bacteriophora reported from Zhytomyr region and Chernihiv region of Ukraine for the first time. Further studies aiming to improve the knowledge on entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis) fauna should focus on collecting in little-known areas and some specific habitats of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130642616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of herbicide application with plant growth regulators and microfertilizer in late crops of winter wheat","authors":"R. Hutianskyi","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.33-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.33-38","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To establish the features of the formation of weed complex, yield and grain quality of winter wheat sown on the late sowing period, depending on the application of post-emergence herbicides, plant growth regulators and microfertilizers. \u0000Methods. Field, measuring and weighing, statistical, laboratory, analytical. \u0000results. According to the results of investigations in 2016—18, 30 species of weed plants were found in late crops of winter wheat: late spring grasses (3 species); early and late dicotyledonous (14 species); dicotyledonous wintering, winter and biennial (7 species); dicotyledonous perennials (6 species). In terms of quantity, late spring grasses weeds dominated (40.6%), and in terms of raw mass dicotyledonous perennials dominated (87.6%). Technical efficiency of tank mixture of anti-perennial herbicides Dekabrist 480 SL (0.15 l/ ha) + Gryzny, W.G. (15 g/ha) + Talant, surface-active substance (0.2 l/ha), when applied at the tillering stage (standard) against the total raw mass of dicot annual and perennial weeds was 96.7 and 69.2%, respectively. The low level of control of dicotyledonous perennial species by this tank mixture was associated with the partial regrowth of root-sprouting weeds, especially sow thistles, after the introduction of the specified herbicides, namely during the booting period. The application of plant growth regulators Emistym C, w.-a.s. (10 ml/ha) and Vermiiodis, w.s. (6.0 l/ha) at the booting stage, against the background of application of herbicides at the tillering stage, stimulated the growth of the raw weight of dicotyledonous perennials and the total raw weight of all weeds, compared to their application in a tank mixture with herbicides at the tillering stage. At the same time, these indicators, when applying microfertilizer Nanomix, s. (2.0 l/ha) in a tank mixture with herbicides at the tillering stage, were higher, compared to applying the preparation separately from herbicides at the booting stage. An increase in the level of raw mass of weeds against the background of the use of stimulating preparations led to a decrease in grain yield in most variants with these preparations, compared to the standard. No effect of the studied preparations on the protein content of the grain, as well as the germination energy and laboratory germination of the grown grain was found. \u0000Conclusions. The application of post-emergence herbicide compositions with plant growth regulators and microfertilizers in late crops of winter wheat stimulates the growth of the raw mass of weeds, which negatively affects the grain yield of the crop.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130017310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}