Karantin i zahist roslin最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of insecticides against the adult stage of western corn beetle (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, 1868)","authors":"V. Saliienko, V. Fedorenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.25-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.25-32","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Assessment of chemical insecticides for WCR (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, 1868) adults control for using in integrated corn pest management systems. \u0000Methods. Fields method. Trials conducted in 2021—2022 in farms in Bilyi Rukav Vinnytsia region and Ivanivka Kyiv region where corn was sown for 4 years. Techniques approved by the EPPO (Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization) are counting using yellow sticky traps, direct counting on plants, counting dead beetles, others. \u0000Results. 1—3 DAAT, the most effective was Avaunt EC (indoxacarb 150 g/l) at the rates of 0.17 l/ ha and 0.25 l/ ha with % reduction in population compared to the control 65.69 and 62.84, respectively, Karate Zeon SC (lambda-cyhalotryn 50 g/l) 0.3 l/ ha with 54.26% and Engio SC (thiamethoxam 141 g/l, lambda-cyhalotryn 50 g/l) 0.18 l/ ha — 48.54%. 12—14 DAAT, Avaunt EC insecticide at the rate of 0.17 l/ ha with 57.14% and Engio SC with 47.62% showed the highest percentage of population reduction, respectively. The records conducted during 2021—2022 were not fully statistically reliable. In 2021, the indicators of the calculations carried out using the technique of «direct counting on plants» were statistically reliable, in 2022 — counting using yellow sticky trap. When comparing the number of pests caught in yellow and blue sticky traps, the number in yellow traps was many times greater than in blue. \u0000Conclusions. Avaunt EC and Engio SC insecticides showed the most effective efficiency — 65.69% and 54.26%, the lower efficacy — Coragen SC with 11.38%. The highest efficiency can be observed 1—3 days after application, which is due to the direct contact of pests with CPP. 12—14 days after application, most of CPP showed a slight decrease in the number of pests, except Avaunt EC and Engio SC with 57.14 and 47.62%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125963686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fungicidal control of the most common onion mycoses during the growing season","authors":"O. Borzykh, V. Sergienko, M. Dzham, O. Shyta, S. Mykhaylenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.3-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.3-9","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To investigate the effectiveness of fungicidal control of the most common onion diseases during the growing season. \u0000Methods. Informational and analytical (collection of materials and analysis of literary sources), field research (setting up experiments, carrying out treatments and records of plant damage by diseases, monitoring the development of plants, harvesting), phytopathological (determination and identification of pathogens), mathematical and statistical (processing of results studies). Experiments were conducted on different varieties and hybrids using modern fungicides with different active substances. \u0000Results. During the years of research, onion crops were dominated by mycoses, namely, peronosporosis, alternaria, stemphylliosis, and fusarium wilt. Downy mildew and leaf spots were observed on all varieties and hybrids. The investigated fungicides most effectively controlled the development of downy mildew of onions. Their efficiency during the growing season averaged 55.1—100%, depending on the drug, the degree of disease development and the variety. The highest effectiveness against downy mildew of onions was provided by fungicides Fandango 200 ES, KE (fluoxystrobin, 100 g/l + proteoconazole, 100 g/l) at the rate of 1.25 l/ ha and Signum VG (boskalid, 267 g/ kg + pyraclostrobin, 67 g/ kg) — 1.5 kg/ ha. Fungicides were 45.8—89.1% effective against leaf spots (alternaria and stemphyllosis), 57.9—70.5% against fusarium wilt. Treatments with fungicides, due to the reduction of plant damage by diseases, contributed to the increase in onion yield by 1.3—6.9 t/ha, depending on the variety and preparation. Among the studied varieties, the highest yield was obtained on the Medusa variety (40.7 t/ha), among fungicides, the highest yield increase was provided by Fandango 200 ES, KE fungicide (1.25 l/ha). \u0000Conclusions. Fungicides effectively controlled the main mycoses of onion (peronosporosis, alternariosis, stemphyllosis and fusarium wilt) during the growing season. The effectiveness of fungicides against onion diseases was 45.8—100%, depending on the type of disease, drug and crop variety. The highest protective effect of fungicides was provided against downy mildew of onions. The yield of the researched varieties and hybrids increased by an average of 5—25% due to the reduction of plant damage by diseases. The highest technical efficiency against identified diseases and increase in onion yield was obtained by using Fandango 200 ES, KE fungicide with a consumption rate of 1.25 l/ha.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"41 15","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132972703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-regulation of insect communities in agrocenoses of organic farming systems","authors":"V. Sabluk, N. Zapolska, K. Shendryk, V. Dimitrov","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.20-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.20-24","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Establishing the effect of organic farming on the preservation of useful entomofauna in agrocenoses of winter wheat and sugar beet and determining its role in controlling the number of phytophages. \u0000Methods. Field, laboratory and statistical. \u0000Results. It was found that organic farming system, which excludes the use of chemicals in crop cultivation technologies, contributes to the accumulation of useful entomofauna in agrocenoses, which significantly affects the population density of certain phytophagous species due to predation and parasitism as major causes. In particular, the number of Carabidae, coccinellids, goldeneyes and syrphids is several times higher compared to industrial farming system. Thus, according to our experimental data, the population density of these entomophages in the agrocenoses of winter wheat and sugar beet in organic farming was 4−5 times higher than in industrial one. Accordingly, the number of weevils, aphids and other phytophages in these crops in organic farming was 3−4 times fewer than in industrial one. The population density (per 1 m2) of weevils in sugar beet grown in organic system was 3.0, while in industrial one it was 5 times higher (15). The same may be stated about aphids, Anisoplia austriaca, Heteroptera, etc. \u0000Conclusions. In organic cropping system, the population density of beneficial entomofauna in sugar beet and winter wheat agrocenoses was 4−5 times higher than in industrial cropping system, what to a certain extend affected the population density of pests.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"93 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134476257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of potato breedung lines for the potato virus Y resistance genes Rychc and Ryadg","authors":"S. Kyrychenko, N. Kozub","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.9-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.2.9-13","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Molecular identification of carriers of the potato virus Y (PVY) resistance genes Rychc and Ryadg among potato lines of the Polissia Research Station of the Institute of Potato Growing of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. Seventy potato lines produced by the Polissia Research Station of the Institute of Potato Growing were studied. We used molecular markers indicating the presence of specific Ry genes in the genome of the potato lines. Those genes are responsible for the plant’s response to the pathogen by the extreme resistance (ER) type: the Ryo186 marker for the identification of the Rychc gene, and RYSC-3 for the determination of the Ryadg resistance gene. The gene Ry chc, derives from Solanum chacoense, and the Ryadg gene from S. tuberosum ssp. andigena. For determining the PVY resistance genes, PCR analysis was used, and PCR products were analyzed by electrophoresis in an agarose gel supplemented with ethidium bromide to visualize amplicons. \u0000Results. Screening of carriers of resistance alleles with the molecular marker Ruo186 showed that 53 lines (75.72%) carried the resistance gene Rychc. The Ryadg resistance allele was identified in 7 lines (10%) using the RYSC-3 marker. Among the analyzed sample, there were three lines (4.2%) which simultaneously carried both PVY resistance genes: P.17.36-8, P.16.21-8, and P.17.21/36. When compared with the studies of other authors, in our sample of potato breeding lines we have mostly a similar percentage of occurrence of the Ryadg gene and a much higher frequency of the Rychc gene. \u0000Conclusions. Thus, the potato lines of the Polissia Research Station of the Institute of Potato Growing with the identified resistance genes have the potential for extreme resistance to most PVY strains, including the PVYNTN strain.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115666838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Іnfluence of crop pollution on development i maize productivity","authors":"","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.8-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.8-13","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To study the reserves of weed seeds in the soil and to determine the influence of weediness of crops on the development and productivity of corn. \u0000Methods. Informational and analytical (collection of materials and analysis of literary sources), field and laboratory research (setting up experiments, soil analysis, monitoring plant development, determination of biometric indicators, accounting for the number of weeds, collection and determination of crop structure), mathematical and statistical (processing of research results). The design of the field experiment included weeded and weed-protected plots. \u0000Results. In the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine, with intensive corn cultivation technology, the average number of weeds in the soil from emergence to row closure was at the level of 250—425 weeds/m2. Determining the number and species composition of segetal vegetation made it possible to establish that the corn crops are dominated by a mixed type of weediness with the dominance of annual dicotyledonous and grassy weeds. The number of dominant weeds at the beginning of the corn growing season in the experimental plots of NUBiP (Kyiv) was: Chenopodium album L. — 16 pcs./ m2, Amaranthus retroflexus L. — 23 pcs./m2, Portulaca oleracea L. — 78 pcs./ m2. In the fields of the agricultural station (Fastivskyi district), the dominant weeds were Polygonum convolvulus L., Setaria glauca L., Chenopodium album L., the number of which in the phase of 4—5 leaves was 32, 20 and 10 pcs./m2, respectively. Weeds significantly limited the growth of corn both in terms of plant height and development phases. In the phase of 9—10 leaves of corn in the weeded area, some types of weeds reached the height of the corn, accumulated a significant vegetative mass and began to form reproductive organs. The above-ground mass of weeds at the beginning of grain formation reached 995 g/m2. The pollution of the crops significantly affected the reduction of the corn yield and its structure. \u0000Conclusions. Significant reserves of weed seeds in corn crops cause the development of segetal vegetation during its growing season. The high competitiveness of weeds was manifested in the suppression of the growth and development of the culture and the formation of the crop. Weeds form a significant vegetative mass and reproductive organs at the beginning of the development of the corn grain. On weedy crops, the yield of corn decreased by an average of 32—35%.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126458165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Induction of wheat resistance by Streptomyces sp. HU2014 strain","authors":"Hongxia Zhu, T. Rozhkova","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.38-43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.38-43","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To determine changes in the activity of enzymes (POD, PAL and GLU) of Triticum aestivum when Streptomyces sp. HU2014, Rhizoctonia cerealis G11 are introduced into the soil and their simultaneous application. \u0000Methods. Laboratory: cultivation of microorganisms and wheat plants, introduction of actinomycetes and fungus into the soil. Physico-chemical: POD, PAL and GLU colorimetry. Analytical and mathematical: analysis of the obtained results and their statistical comparison. \u0000Results. Changes in the activity of enzymes (POD, PAL and GLU) were noted in the leaves of wheat plants at different time intervals, compared to the control variant. The change manifested mostly in the increase of their activity. The maximum amount of enzyme activity was noted on one variety ZM22: on the third day of POD when inoculated according to the CKP scheme (15762.69 U/g) and GLU when introducing the microorganism into the soil according to the PF3 scheme (28.45 U/g); on the fourth day of the PAL study according to the treatment scheme PF3 (29.37 U/g). The induction of resistance was also determined by the wheat variety. \u0000Conclusions. The activity of POD, PAL and GLU was determined by the plant treatment scheme, time period and genotype of the crop. In most cases, during soil treatment with microorganisms, the activity of all three studied enzymes from the leaves of three varieties of wheat increased in different periods of time, compared to the control. The activity of PAL enzyme increased to the greatest extent. It was established that the activity of the POD enzyme was mostly determined by R. cerealis and the dual use of microorganisms, the PAL enzyme by a strain of Streptomyces sp. HU2014, and the GLU enzyme — by inoculation with a phytopathogen and introduction of actinomycetes. That is, changes in the activity of all three enzymes were mostly determined by the strain of Streptomyces sp. HU2014. At the same time, it was shown that R. cerealis G11 mainly induced the defense system of AK58 and ZM22 varieties, and HU2014 induced the defense of BN307.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134470591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Technical efficiency of insecticides against Helicoverpa armigera Hübner caterpillars in corn crops","authors":"","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.21-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.21-26","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To establish the effectiveness of the use of modern insecticides in corn crops against the cotton bollworm. \u0000Methods. Determination of the technical efficiency of insecticides was carried out in field conditions. Treatment with chemical insecticides was carried out on the 3rd day after the mass flight of H. armigera once, with biological preparations — twice, during the period of mass revival of caterpillars. Observation of the pest after treatment with drugs was carried out on the 3rd, 7th and 14th day at the rate of ex./100 plants in four repetitions, by counting them on cobs, panicles and leaves. For the experiments, the Paradiz corn hybrid (mid-early) was used, the seeds of which were pre-treated at the plant with a fungicide Maksym XL 035 FS (fludioxonil, 25 g/l, metalaxyl-M, 10 g/l) — 1 l/t. The beginning and intensity of the flight of cotton bollworm adults was determined using pheromone traps. The collection of male imagos was carried out every three days after the start of the flight. Data on crop losses were based on the actually calculated indicators of each variant of the experiment. The reliability of the obtained results was determined using the mathematical and statistical method. \u0000Results. In 2021—2022, when testing insecticides against cotton bollworm caterpillars on corn crops, the highest technical efficiency was provided by: Koragen 20 KS (chlorantraniliprole, 200 g/l) — 82.1% and Ampliho 150 ZC, FC (chlorantraniliprole 150 g/l, lambda-cyhalothrin 50 g/l) — 77.7%. The biological preparations of Lepidotsyd-BTU, r. (Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, serotype 3, titer 1.0 ќ 10 9 CFU/cm3) had the lowest technical efficiency — 48.2% and Bitoksybatsylin-BTU, r. (Bacilius thuringiensis var Thuringiensis, endospores — titer 1.0 ќ 10 9 CFU/ cm3) — 53.7%. When using the tested insecticides, the productivity of the Paradiz hybrid was higher compared to the control. When treated with Koragen 20 KS and Ampligo 150 ZC, FC, the yield increased by 0.480 and 0.320 t/ha. When treated with Radiant, CS (spinetoram, 120 g/l) and Belt 480 SC, CS (flubendiamide, 480 g∕l), — by 0.250 and 0.280 t/ha, respectively more. With the use of Liufoks 105 ES, e.c. (75 g/l fenoxycarb, 30 g/l lufenuron), Lepidotsyd-BTU, r. and Bitoksybatsylin-BTU, r., the amount of preserved corn grain yield was 0.190, 0.110 and 0.140 t/ha, respectively. \u0000Conclusions. It was found that Koragen 20 KS (82.1%) and Ampligo 150 ZC, FK (7.7%) were the most effective insecticides against cotton bollworm caterpillars in the Left Bank Forest Steppe of Ukraine. The specified drugs are used in low concentrations, and with the help of phytosanitary and instrumental monitoring in corn crops, treatment is recommended to be carried out once, which in turn allows to reduce the pesticide load on the ecosystem and prevents the development of resistance in phytophagous plants.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121764864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the toxic effect of insecticides on the honey bee: methodological recommendations","authors":"O. Vlasova, M. Sekun, M. Zatserklyana","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.32-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.32-37","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Improving the methodology for assessing the toxicity and potential safety of insecticides for the honey bee. \u0000Methods of determining the toxicity of insecticides for bees — laboratory and field. Laboratory experiments determine the toxicity of insecticides for bees, and field experiments determine the degree of danger of drugs at the concentrations used in production, with the establishment of the terms of detoxification in plants and the nature of the danger for insects. To evaluate the gastric and combined toxicity of insecticides, the principle of group feeding of bees with poisoned feed was used. Contact toxicity of insecticides was assessed using the etched screen method. \u0000Results. A methodology for studying the toxicity of insecticides is proposed. It provides an opportunity to study the contact, gastric and total toxicity of insecticides for the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). Experiments were conducted to study the toxicity of biological preparations for honey bees. The speed and duration of the toxic effect of insecticides and their repellent activity on bees were established. The method of processing material for toxicological studies has been improved. Methods for calculating the toxicity criteria of insecticides have been developed. \u0000Conclusions. Improved methods of determining the contact, gastric (oral) and combined poisoning of honey bees with chemical preparations are given, and the method of assessing the level of toxicity of insecticides for insects is improved.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123927492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of protection by modern insecticides in the industrial cherry plantations against cherry fruit fly pest","authors":"Y. Yanovskyi, S. Suchanov, I. Krykunov, А. Fomenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.27-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.27-31","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To investigate an efficacy of the insecticides Aktelik 500 ЕС, (pyrymyphos-methyl 500 g/l), Calipso 480 SС (thiacloprid, 480 g/l), Proclaim 50 SG (emamectyn benzoat, 50 g/ kg), Movento 100 SC (spirotetramate, 100 g/l), Exirel, СЕ (cyantraniliprole, 100 g/l) and bio products Actofit, EC (aversektyn С, 0.2%), bitoxybacilyn — BTU, (insecticide), (Bacillus thuringiensis. endospores, endotoxyn, exotoxyn) and Lepidocyd-BTU, (insecticide), (Bacillus thuringiensis var. Kurstaki, endospores, endotoxyn) on a reduction of a number and a harmfulness of cherry fruit fly (Rhagoletis cerasi L.) it impact on yields in industrial cherry orchards. \u0000Methods. A field method, in the industrial orchards in educational production department of university. A type of cherry trees — Regina and Alfa. Planting scheme — 4.0 × 5.0 m. Year of planting — 1996. Crown shape — sparsely (improved) — tiered. Rootstock — antipka. Phases of plant development at application timing — «fruit development, (fruits about 90% of the final size)» (BBCH 81) and («fruits ripening phase») (BBCH 85). Soil — shallow, low — humus dusty — loamy podzolic leached black soils: humus content — 1.3—2.5%; pH 4.8—5.2; mobile compounds Р2О5 — 130—180 mg/kg and К2О — 8.9—9.2 mg/kg (by Chirikov method). The measures for care of the experimental site — loosening a soil in the stem strips during the growing period, an application of organic and mineral fertilizers, a pruning, a splaying of grass between the rows (row spacing), a protection from pests and diseases. The technical effectiveness of applications was determined in different rates against blood-red aphids and their impact on yields in commercial apple orchards. Calculations were made according to generally accepted methods in in horticulture, plant protection and entomology. \u0000Results. The use of insecticides Aktelik 500 ЕС, Calypso 480 SС), Proclaim 50 SG, Movento 100 SC Exirel, СЕ against cherry fruit fly helped to decrease number of pests on 91.4—98.9% — 93.7—97.6% accordingly. It allowed to obtain a high — grade cherries product with a yield of 1.7—1.9 times and 1.4—2.1 times higher comparing to control. The outcome of non-standard products did not exceed 0.4—0.6% compared to 34.9—44.3% in the control (water treatment). The efficacy of bio products was 32.9—40.4%. It confirms their low efficacy against this pest. \u0000Conclusions. The use of insecticides Aktelik 500 ЕС, Calypso 480 SС, Proclaim 50 SG, Movento 100 SC, Exirel, СЕ allows to achieve high efficacy of cherry fruit fly control in industrial plantations, to manage it number and population during whole month (the period of larva development). A limitation of pest number in cherry orchard by using the studied treatments provided a yield increase and a marketable quality of the obtained fruit products.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131093536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of fungicides on the physiological and biochemical state of lupine plants after seed treatment","authors":"O. Borzykh, O. Tsurkan, L. Chervyakova, T. Panchenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.3-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2023.1.3-7","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To assess the effect of fungicides on the content of chlorophyll and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase) in lupine plants after seed treatment. \u0000Methods. Laboratory and vegetation studies were carried out in the laboratory of analytical chemistry of pesticides of pesticides of the Institute of Plant Protection. The seeds of yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L., variety Obriy) were treated with combined fungicides from different chemical classes: triazoles (cyproconazole, difenoconazole, tebuconazole, prothioconazole), phenylpyrroles (fludioxonil), carboxamides (carboxin), dithiocarbamates (thiram). Determination of the content of fungicides in plants was carried out using chromatographic methods of analysis. Chlorophyll content, peroxidase and catalase activity were determined by physicochemical methods according to generally accepted methods. \u0000Results. Fungicides activated the antioxidant systems of plants, depending on their physicochemical properties (in particular, the octanol-water partition coefficient Kow) and their content in plants (C, mg/kg). An increase in peroxidase activity (up to 89% compared to the control) was established within 30 days, which indicates the activation of antioxidant processes aimed at maintaining oxidative homeostasis in plants. The change in catalase activity under the influence of fungicides was inversely correlated with peroxidase activity, which is explained by the formation of adaptive mechanisms of ROS homeostasis. The high activity of peroxidase, compared to catalase, testifies to the important role of this enzyme in the redox reactions of plant resistance under the influence of fungicides. The total chlorophyll content under the action of fungicides, increased by 6—20%, compared to the control. \u0000Conclusions. Seed treatment with fungicides affects the course of redox reactions in plants, causing changes in the activity of key enzymes. The high activity of peroxidase against the background of fluctuations in catalase activity indicates the direct effect of fungicides on the state of antioxidant systems and the important role of peroxidase in maintaining ROS homeostasis. The stimulatory effect of fungicides on the accumulation of chlorophyll at the initial stages of growth of lupine plants was established, the content of which exceeded the control indicator by 6—20% by development phase. Changes in the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and peroxidase) and the content of chlorophyll can serve as criteria for determining the levels of adaptation of lupine plants to the stress effect of fungicides.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126254029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}