Karantin i zahist roslin最新文献

{"title":"Weediness of corn for grain crops by cultivation in the stationary crop rotation and permanent crops in the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"R. Hutianskyi, S. Popov, V. Zuza, N. Kuzmenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.15-19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.15-19","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To determine the species composition of weed plants and their dominant role, to establish the type and level of weediness of corn crops for grain grown in stationary crop rotation and monoculture in the conditions of the Eastern Forest Steppe of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. The research was carried out by route surveys of crops in field experiments. \u0000results. Аccording to the research data in 2011—2017 in corn sowing for grain found 33 types of weedy pollinators that belonged tо 17 families and contaminants were found in corn for grain crops, of which the most common were Asteraceae (9 species), Poaceae (4 species) and Polygonaceae (4 species). There were found 25% fewer species of weed plants (24 species) in corn for grain crops in monoculture than in crop rotation (32 species). Among weed plants, spring early and late species prevailed (65.6% — in crop rotation; 62.5% — in monoculture). The main types of weeds (occurrence of the species from 78 to 100%) in crop rotation were Setaria glauсa (L.) Beauv., Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Roem. et Schult., Chenopodium album L., Amaranthus retroflexus L, Solanum nigrum L., Polygonum lapathifolium L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop., Convolvulus arvensis L., and in monoculture — C. album, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Xanthium strumarium L., C. arvense. According to the sum of the shares of dominance and subdominance among weed plants, C. arvense prevailed in crop rotation (78%), and X. strumarium prevailed in monoculture (100%). The type of weediness in corn for grain crops in crop rotation differed annually from the type of weediness in monoculture. For the most part, cereal annual weed species prevailed in crop rotation, and dicotyledonous weed species prevailed in monoculture. Under conditions of crop rotation, a lower level of weediness was observed almost every year than in monoculture. \u0000Conclusions. The type of weediness in crops of corn for grain in crop rotation differs from the type of weediness in monoculture. for the most part, cereal annual weed species predominate in crop rotation, and dicotyledonous weed species predominate in monoculture.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127288915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening of cherry leaf roll virus in Sambucus nigra plants in Ukraine","authors":"L. Mishchenko, A. Dunich, A. Dashchenko, N. Kozub, L. Hlushchenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.11-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.11-14","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) infects naturally a wide range of herbaceous and woody plants, different species of trees, shrubs, horticultural, ornamental, weed plants and causes significant economic losses in many hosts and countries. CLRV on elderberry species was reported in Europe, USA, Iran and North America. Recently this virus has been detected in sour and sweet cherry fruit orchards in Ukraine. Testing of other hosts than Prunus was performed in Ukraine only recently. The aim of the study was to test the black elderberry plants (Sambucus nigra L.). for the presence of CLRV in the Poltava region and Kyiv regions. \u0000Methods. Sampling was carried out in the summer–autumn period in 2019—2021 in the territories of the Poltava and Kyiv regions and in Kyiv city. Samples of healthy elderberry plants were also analyzed. Visual diagnostics, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in DAS-ELISA modification, total RNA extraction, RT-PCR with primers for a 412 bp fragment of the 3’ untranslated region of the CLRV genome, and statistical data analysis were used in this research. PCR products were separated on an 1.5% agarose gel. Commercial CLRV preparations were used for positive controls in DAS-ELISA. \u0000Results. Thirty three elderberry samples with symptoms of leaf rolling and mosaics of varying degrees were selected in the territory of the Poltava and Kyiv regions and in Kyiv city in 2019 and 2021 and used in the study. ELISA and RT-PCR results showed that 82% of the tested black elderberry samples were infected by CLRV. \u0000Conclusions. The presence of CLRV, its harmfulness for elderberry plants, and Sambucus potential to serve as a reservoir for the virus indicate the necessity of testing a wider range of plant species for сherry leaf roll virus in Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"111 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117263347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecotoxicological assessment of the application of chemical products of plant protection against pests","authors":"S. Mostoviak, I. Mostoviak, O. Borzykh, V. Fedorenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.3-10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.3.3-10","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To analyze the number of insecticides and acaricides during the cultivation of crops in Ukraine and in the central part of the Right Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine and to determine the degree of danger of their application. \u0000Methods. Analytical, economic and statistical, comparative analysis. The analysis of the amount of chemical plant protection products for 2018—2020 was conducted according to the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Ecotoxicological assessment of 23 chemicals was performed using the Methodologies of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS of Ukraine according to the safety data sheet of the preparations and the properties of the active ingredient. The assessment of the level of potential danger of insecticides and acaricides was performed according to the integrated classification of pesticides according to the degree of danger of their application, taking into account indicators of pesticide toxicity (LD50) and their half-life (T50) in soil. \u0000Results. In 2018—2020, on average, 1,750.5 thousand kg/ year of chemical pesticides were used in Ukraine, including 279.1 thousand kg in the territory of the Central Forest Steppe. The most common in Ukraine are preparations based on active agent chlorpyrifos (743.0 thousand kg/ year), active agent dimethoate (95 thousand kg/ year) and active agent lambda-cyhalothrin (80.2 thousand kg/ year), which are stable in soil and according to the indicator of acute oral toxicity are classified as hazard classes 2 and 3. The most common acaricides against ticks are those based on active agent clofentezine and pyridaben (3.01 and 3.08 thousand kg/ year, respectively). It was found that insecticides Danadim Mix, EC (Dimetoat, 400 g/ l + Gamma-Cyhalothrin, 4 g/ l), Lamdex, mc.s. (Dimetoat, 400 g/ l + Gamma-Cyhalothrin, 4 g/ l), Rimon Fast, SC (Novaluron, 50 g/ l + Bifenthrin, 50 g/ l), Cezar e.c. (Bifenthrin, 100 g/ l), Shaman, EC (Chlorpyrifos, 500 g/ l + Cypermethrin, 50 g/ l) and acaricide Sunmite, m.p. (Pyridabem, 200 g/ kg) with LD50 55—160 mg/ kg. Most preparations are highly resistant chemical compounds with half-life (Т50) in soil 51-386 days. These are: Aktara 25WG, w.g. (Thiamethoxam, 250 g/ kg), Ampligo 150 ZC, FC (Chlorantraniliprole, 100 g/ l + Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 50 g/ l), Voliam Flexi 300 SC, e.c. (Thiamethoxam, 200 g/ l + Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 100 g/ l), Engio 247 SC, s.c. (Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 106 g/ l + Thiamethoxam, 141 g/ l), Coragen 20, s.c. (Chlorantraniliprole, 200 g/ l), Lamdex, mc.s. (Lambda-Cyhalothrin, 50 g/ l), Mavrik, BE (Tau-fluvalinate, 240 g/ l), Rimon Fast, SC (Novaluron, 50 g/ l + Bifenthrin, 50 g/ l), Cezar e.c. (Bifenthrin, 100 g/ l), Shaman e.c. (Chlorpyrifos, 500 g/ l + Cypermethrin, 50 g/ l), Apollo, s.c. (Clofentesin, 500 g/ l), Sunmite, m.p. (Pyridaben, 200 g/ кg). Conclusions.  In Ukraine and in the Central Forest-Steppe the amounts of chemical plant protection products are considerable, which increases the emergence of environmental risks in agrophytoce","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126883354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological complexes bases upon bacterium Pseudomonas fluorenscens and matters of stimulating nature, and their impact on plant growth and development","authors":"M. Solomiichuk","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.31-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.31-35","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. The analysis of biocomplex combinations with stimulating nature preparations and different derivative ammonium salts of dihidropirimidine and their efficience study. \u0000Methods. The bacterium strain АР-33 Pseudomonas fluorenscens was the researches subject.The biotechnological methods of researches used during the work.The concentration of viable CFU/cm3 determined as per Koch’s method. The preparation efficiency determined at different rate against fungi diseases. The records conducted as generally approved techniques with experimental methods in phytopathology and plant protection. \u0000Results.The derivatives of ammonium salts of dihydropirymidine did not show toxic action on concentration decrease of viable cells of bacterium strain АР- 33 Pseudomonas fluorescens. The best weight indexes 100 seeds and quantity of beans forming in soybean showed the combination Planrise — 5 l/ha + 0.1% Xymedon + 0.2% succinic acid solution + 2 ml DMAE + 2 ml DMSO. All biocomplexes combinations showed preparations efficiency against diseases in the scope 59.31—69.63%. The yield increase recorded in 1.15—1.7 times in comparison with control by the results of biocomplexes usage with their fungicide, immunoprotective and stimulating action. The combination Planrise Strain bacterium АР-33 Pseudomonas fluorescens, 3 × 109 CFU/ cm3), 5 l/ha + 0.1% xymedon solution + 0.2% succinic acid solution + 2 ml DMAE + 2 ml DMSO. It was consisted of 3.4 t/ha. The preparation’s efficiency against late blight consisted of 79.1%. \u0000Conclusion. All biocomplexes’ combinations usage showed the preparations’ efficiency against diseases in scope 67.3—88.1%. The additional matters DMAE and DMSO (they have influence on transmembrane functions) usage allows to increase preparations efficiency on 8—25% in comparison with combinations without their usage.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116380824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of potato varieties resistant to wart Synchytrium endobioticum Schilbersky Percival","authors":"A. Zelya, G. Zelya, T. Sonetsi, T. Makar","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.15-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.15-20","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. The results of researches for selection potato varieties and breeding material of Ukrainian and foreign selection resistant to wart for inclusion in the State Register of plant varieties suitable for distribution in Ukraine and introduce them into disease foci. \u0000Methods.The study involved 13 varieties of potatoes: 3 varieties of Ukrainian selection and 10 — foreign. Evaluation of breeding material for resistance to common 1 (D1) and aggressive pathogens of potato cancer was performed in the laboratory of the Ukrainian Research Plant Quarantine Research Station of the NAAS on an artificial infectious background according to EPPO Standard PM 7/28/1 and EPPO Standard PM 7/28 / 2 and performed in the laboratory of the Ukrainian Research Plant Quarantine Research Station of the NAAS on an «Methods for evaluation and selection of breeding material for potatoes resistant to cancer Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Perc., Harmonized with EU requirements» and in the field in foci of pathogen spread. \u0000Results. As a result of laboratory and field studies on the evaluation and selection of potato varieties resistant to cancer, one variety of potato of Ukrainian selection Medea — selection of the Institute of Potato NAAS and one variety of foreign selection Soraya, selection Norica Nordring-Kartofeltsucht- und Fermerbungs comprehensive resistance to all wart. Of the 13 potato varieties tested, all (100%) were rated resistant to the usual pathotype of the cancer agent; up to 11 (Mizhhirya) and 22 (Bystrets) pathotypes, 6 varieties (46.1%) of resistant varieties were selected; 8 varieties (61.5%) resistant to 13 (Rakhiv) aggressive pathotype were found; to 18 (Yasinya) — 5 varieties of potatoes (38.4%).Three varieties of potatoes of foreign selection (Newton, Sunshine and Brook) were affected by all 4 aggressive pathogens of the pathogen. \u0000Conclusions. Potato varieties that have not been affected by the pathogens of the wart pathogen have been proposed for inclusion in the State Register of Plant Varieties Suitable for Distribution in Ukraine for Introduction in Outbreaks and also breeders to use for crossing disease sources and receiving potato resistant descendents to disease.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132128959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological method of protection of apple trees from green apple aphids and apple scab in the conditions of the Pre-Carpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine","authors":"M. Hunchak","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.36-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.36-40","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To study the effectiveness of biological preparations to reduce the number and harmfulness of green apple aphids, as well as to reduce the spread and development of apple scab in apple orchards of the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. Experiments to determine the technical and economic efficiency of biological protection of apple trees, study the phytosanitary status of apple orchards were conducted in 2016—2020 in the apple orchard of the Ukrainian Plant Quarantine Research Station of the Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS on apple orchards in 2005. Accounts for phytophagous population and the presence and development of diseases were carried out according to generally accepted methods in accordance with the phases of the host plant. The effectiveness of insecticides was determined by official methods in 2 and 7 days according to the formula of Henderson and Tilton, the effectiveness of fungicides — in 7 days. Statistical processing of research results was performed by the method of analysis of variance. Plant yield was determined during the third decade of September. \u0000Results. The use of the studied bioinsecticides and their mixtures reduced the number of green apple aphids by 61.1—76.8% and provided, in comparison with the control, an increase in the yield of apple orchards by 1.7—1.9 t/ha while improving the marketable quality of fruits. The use of the studied biofungicides and their mixtures allowed to reduce the spread and development of scabies on apple leaves by 66.5—72.5% and on apple fruits by 68.7—73.3%. Due to the use of the studied biofungicides, the yield of orchards was 1.7—2.5 t/ha more than the control and increased the amount of first-class fruit products by 9.5—20.0% compared to the control and reduced the number of non-standard fruits by 11.3—14.8%. \u0000Conclusions. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the studied bioinsecticides and biofungicides in apple orchards showed that all drugs allow to effectively control the number of green apple aphids and the spread and development of apple scab in the Precarpathian province of the Carpathian mountain zone of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128884470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eutiposis and bacterial necrosis of the vine on the vineyards of the Odessa region","authors":"I. Kovaleva, L. Konup, N. Nikolaeva, A. Konup, V. Chistyakova","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.21-25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.21-25","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. The aim of the study was to identify bacterial necrosis and eutyposis of the vine in vineyards in the Odessa region and to identify the causative agents of these diseases. \u0000Methods. For this, a phytosanitary examination of vine plantations was carried out to identify the symptoms of these diseases. To identify the causative agent of bacterial necrosis — Xylophilus ampelinus, a serological method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used, for eutyposis, the causative agent of which is Eutypa lata — a molecular biological method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with gel electrophoretic detection. \u0000Results. As a result of a phytosanitary examination of vine plantations of various farms in the Odessa region, bushes of vine plants were found with characteristic symptoms of bacterial necrosis and eutyposis, namely, oppressed growth of shoots, small clusters or their absence, light brown necrosis was observed on the cross section of sleeves and boles. A non-seasonal change in the color of grape leaves, namely chlorosis, was noted. As a result of laboratory studies in plants with characteristic symptoms of diseases, the causative agents of bacterial necrosis and eutyposis of grapes were identified. \u0000Conclusions. As a result of a phytosanitary examination of vine plantations in the Odessa region, the presence of vine bushes with symptoms of bacterial necrosis and eutyposis was revealed. A small percentage of damage to vine bushes by the pathogen of bacterial necrosis and a significant defeat by the pathogen of eutiposis were established. Using the PCR method with gel electrophoretic detection, it was established that grape plants were affected by the causative agent of eutyposis. The causative agent of bacterial necrosis was identified by ELISA.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122834742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological protection of sugar beet sowings from beet nematode","authors":"V. Doronin, К. Kalatur, Y. Kravchenko, V. Drуha, L. Suslyk, H. Honcharuk, О. Polovynchuk, V. J. Doronin","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.26-30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.26-30","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To identify the efficiency of the bionematicide Clariva 156, FS (spores of the bacterium Pasteuria nishizawae, strain Pn 1, 0.02 l/seed unit) against beet nematode in sugar beet sowings. \u0000Methods. Laboratory, field. The research was carried out in Vinnytsia region in the years 2017—2019. Small-scale experiments were established in a natural invasive background. To determine the number of beet nematodes, soil samples were taken and analyzed before sowing and before harvesting sugar beet, as well as after the development of the first generation of the parasite. The accounting of sugar beet yield was carried out by weighing all root crops from each plot and counted per hectare of sowing. The sugar content of roots was determined on the on-stream line Venema by the method of cold-water digestion. \u0000Results. The use of bionematicide Clariva 156, FS allowed to reduce the number of the first generation of beet nematode by 27.7—35.3% (1.5 times) compared to the density of its population before sowing sugar beet. It is noted that the decrease in the number of parasites in the soil in the first half of the growing season had a positive effect on crop productivity. In particular, in the treatments where the seeds were treated with the biological preparation Clariva 156, FS, root yield increased by 2.3—12.6 t/ha, and the sugar collection increased by 0.5—1.9 t/ha, compared to the treatments without nematicide. \u0000Conclusions. Given the widespread and significant damage caused by the beet nematode to sugar beet sowings, the problem of protecting this crop from heteroderosis is still relevant. Its solution begins with a nematological survey of fields and ends with the introduction of an integrated control system, an important element of which is the use of biological methods. The obtained results prove that treatment of sugar beet seeds with bionematicide Clariva 156, FS gives the chance to reduce number of the first generation of beet nematode in sugar beet sowings up to 35%.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116093737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of predecessors on species diversity of weeds in winter wheat crops in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine","authors":"R. Hutianskyi, S. Popov, V. Zuza, N. Kuzmenko","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.3-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.3-8","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. Determine the species composition of weeds, their dominant role and establish the type and level of weediness of winter wheat crops by cultivation on black fallow, after peas for grain and winter wheat as forecrops in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. \u0000Methods. The research was carried out by means of route surveys in field experiments located in a stationary nine-field steam-grain-row crop rotation and in a monoculture of winter wheat. \u0000Results. In total, according to the results of research in 2011—17, 63 species of weeds were found in crops. In the conditions of crop rotation in the fields of winter wheat after black fallow and peas for grain, 50 species and 45 species were found, respectively, and in monoculture — 41 species. The largest number of spring early and late weeds (41—49%), and the second and third places were occupied by wintering, winter and biennial (33—37%) and perennial (18—22%). The main weeds in the crops were: after black fallow — Setaria glauсa, Chenopodium album, Amaranthus retroflexus, Solanum nigrum, Fumaria officinalis, Polygonum lapathifolium, Cyclachaena xanthifolia, Delphinium consolida, Viola arvensis, Erigeron canadensis, Cirsium arvense; after peas for grain — S. glauсa, Echinochloa crus-galli, C. album, A. retroflexus, S. nigrum, F. officinalis, P. lapathifolium, Stachys annua, Malva neglecta, Polygonum aviculare, D. consolida, Thlaspi arvense, V. arvensis, C. arvense, Convolvulus arvensis; after winter wheat — S. glauсa, E. crus-galli, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Fallopia convolvulus, Lactuca serriola, Capsella bursa-pastoris, D. consolida, Matricaria inodora, Crepis tectorum. In winter wheat crops, the largest share of dominance and subdominance, respectively, were Solanum nigrum L. (71%) and Setaria glauca (L.) Beauv. (71%) after peas for grain. The type of weediness of winter wheat crops depended on the predecessor. In monoculture, there was a higher level of weediness of winter wheat than in crop rotation. \u0000Conclusions. Rational selection of predecessors creates the basis for successful weed control in winter wheat crops.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133653844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages and disadvantages of two modifications of the biological method of analysis of wheat seed mycobiota","authors":"T. Rozhkova","doi":"10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.9-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36495/2312-0614.2022.2.9-14","url":null,"abstract":"Goal. To determine the most effective modification of the biological method of analysis of mycobiota of winter wheat seeds. \u0000Methods. Laboratory analysis of mycobiota of winter wheat seeds by biological method on PGA and on filter paper (wet chamber, rolls), determination of fungi on PGA medium on the basis of modern revision of taxa; analytical and mathematical — analysis of the obtained results and their statistical comparison. \u0000Results. During the first phytoexpertise of seeds in 2007, a significant percentage of fungal infections was 37.6%, which raised doubts and led to the next area of research — the comparison of modifications of the biological method. In 2008, phytoexpertise of wheat seeds of four varieties (Driada, Podolyanka, Odeska 267, and Pysanka) was carried out on PGA and on paper rolls. Statistical comparison of the results of fungi of all seeds, determined by the two modifications, was insignificant. In 2010, the analysis of seeds on three varieties (Ukrayinka poltavs'ka, Odes'ka 267, and Dons'ka) showed a significant difference between the results obtained on different substrates. More colonies were isolated on the PGA than on paper rolls. Alternaria and Fusarium fungi were isolated more on agar medium than on paper rolls when comparing the characteristics of infection by individual genera. In 2020, we compared the effectiveness of the analysis of seed mycobiota on agar and paper on the variety of Bohdana from the Forest-Steppe and Polissya, finding more isolation of fungal colonies and a wider range of fungi on the PGA. \u0000Conclusions. Phytoexpertise of wheat seeds in 2010 showed a significant difference between the amount of total infected seeds and separately seeds with Fusarium and Alternaria fungi on PGA and paper rolls. The analysis of the mycocomplex of seeds at the PDA identified a new direction of research: from the detection of seed contamination to the settlement of fungi, and then — to the analysis of mycobota with the determination of the percentage of genera / species among the total amount of fungi. Analysis of the micocomplex in 2020 on agar and in a wet chamber showed best results of the first modification of the biological method. But it has disadvantages: the growth of polluting fungi, parasitizing mycophilous fungi. Analysis of mycobiota on filter paper has a rapid demonstration result, but does not show the full range of fungi. Therefore, it is better to use agar media for research.","PeriodicalId":238317,"journal":{"name":"Karantin i zahist roslin","volume":"5 41","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131436574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}