Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology最新文献

{"title":"[The tenacity of bacteria in the airborne state. IV: Experimental studies on the viability of airborne E. coli 0:78 under the influence of different temperature and humidity].","authors":"W Müller,&nbsp;P S Dinter","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In a static aerosol chamber the tenacity of airborne E. coli 0:78 was determined at a permanent temperature of 22 degrees C and different relative humidities (10, 15-20, 30, 75 and 85%) and also at a permanent humidity of 30-40% and different temperatures (22, 28, 30, 34 and 40 degrees C). The greatest viability of the bacteria with a half-life-time of 390 min was found at 22 degrees C and 85% humidity. At 10% humidity the half-life-time was only 55 min. At a humidity of 30-40% the tenacity decreased from 37 to 14 min half-life-time, when the temperature increased from 22 to 40 degrees C. In preliminary examinations it could be shown that the method of cultivation and age of the bacterial suspension had an influence on the tenacity in the airborne state.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"262 3","pages":"304-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14661423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[The biological effects of coordination compounds of transitional metals. 6. Effect of 4-methyl-2-aminopyridine-palladium chloride and cis-dichlorodiammine-platinum(II) on retroviruses and the virus-associated RNA polymerase of the influenza virus].","authors":"G Sydow,&nbsp;V Wunderlich,&nbsp;L Baumbach,&nbsp;E Tonew,&nbsp;M Tonew,&nbsp;H P Schröer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect on retroviruses of two transition metal complexes of known antiviral activity, 4-methyl-2-amino-pyridine-palladium-chloride (MAP) and cis-dichloro-diammine-platinum(II) (cis-DDP) has been investigated. The experiments included the evaluation of the action of compounds on virus particle-associated reverse transcriptase in exogenous assays, on virus propagation in persistently infected cell cultures and on virus infectivity in mice. In disrupted viruses and in the absence of excess protein, the reverse transcriptase was inhibited by MAP but not by cis-DDP. The same results were obtained when examining the activity of the virus-associated RNA polymerase of influenza virus A/WSN. Both compounds did not inhibit the replication of retroviruses in cell cultures, except at high dose levels which exerted toxic action on both cells and virus formation. The leukemogenicity of Rauscher murine leukemia virus was strongly inhibited when the virus had been incubated with MAP before inoculation. A similar treatment with cis-DDP did not influence viral leukemogenicity. Despite somewhat different results with both compounds tested, we conclude from the present results that the above mentioned compounds cannot be considered as antiretroviral drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"262 2","pages":"169-78"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13580075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Epidemiologic evaluation of a sample of 91 rats (Rattus norvegicus) captured in the sewers of Lyon].","authors":"B Seguin,&nbsp;Y Boucaud-Maître,&nbsp;P Quenin,&nbsp;G Lorgue","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>91 rats captured in 1982 in the sewers of Lyon (France) have been examined for the presence of some microorganisms implicated in infections transmissible to man, by direct examination, bacteriological culture or detection of specific antibodies. Bacteriological results have shown a high proportion of carriers of Yersinia enterocolitica and frederiksenii (29%), of Pasteurella pneumotropica (29%), of Staphylococcus aureus (53%), and of Campylobacter jejuni (18%), a low proportion of carriers of Salmonella typhimurium (6%) and Leptospira (7%), and an absence of Listeria. Immunological reactions were often positive with Leptospira (21%), sometimes with Salmonella typhimurium, and always negative with Yersinia and Listeria. This work is a contribution to the knowledge of the health status of sewer rats considered to be an important public health risk as transmitters of anthropozoonoses.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"261 4","pages":"539-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14655861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"IXth International Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology. Atlanta, Georgia/USA, May 19-24, 1985. Abstracts.","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"262 1","pages":"1-167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14882992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Local and systemic immunization against experimental infection of mice with Pasteurella multocida].","authors":"G Müller,&nbsp;P Heilmann","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Model experiments with mice are presented in which the defense against challenge infections has been checked after immunization with various living and killed vaccines of Pasteurella. A temperature sensitive Pasteurella mutant has proved to be superior to inactivated bacteria. It has been established that different routes of administration result in different effects. In this context, intraperitoneal, intramuscular and intratracheal administration have resulted in the highest protection rates, even when combined with oral and aerogeneous immunizations, which are of little efficacy when used exclusively. The importance of a change in the route of administration during repeated immunizations is discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"261 3","pages":"370-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14858705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Antibiotic resistance and distribution of plasmid-encoded beta- lactamases among agents of traveller's diarrhea].","authors":"M G Baumgärtner","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The polymicrobial aetiology of travellers's diarrhoea in 356 tourists travelling in Thailand and Burma was investigated. Besides enterotoxigenic E. coli, Salmonella sp. and Campylobacter fetus ssp. jejuni were identified as the most important enteric pathogens. Minimal inhibitory concentrations of several commonly used antibiotics were determined to reveal the percentage of enteric pathogens being resistant. 36.2% E. coli strains were found to be resistant to ampicillin and 14.3% of the Campylobacter isolates were considered to be resistant to erythromycin. Furthermore, the occurrence of some plasmid-borne beta-lactamases causing resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was investigated, and the TEM-1 enzyme was found to be the most common one in enteric pathogens. Also a PSE-2-beta-lactamase (which is said to be Pseudomonas-specific) was identified in two strains of E. coli. Finally, the influence of antibiotic misuse on development of resistance was discussed by comparing the conditions in Bangkok and Rangoon.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"261 3","pages":"350-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14078159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Who discovered Campylobacter jejuni/coli? A review of hitherto disregarded literature].","authors":"M Kist","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non culturable spiral form bacteria were noted in 1886 by Theodor Escherich. He found them in stool specimens and large intestinal mucous associated with diarrhoea in neonates as well as in kittens. In the following years till the end of the century a number of mainly german language publications appeared, describing the occurrence of such \"spirilla\" in cases of \"cholera-like\" and \"dysenteric\" disease. These organisms were found mainly in the colon or associated with mucous in diarrheal stool specimens. Growth on solid medium was unsuccessful, although living bacteria could be kept in liquid culture medium for a few days. The following points suggest that the microorganisms described were probably Campylobacter ssp: typical morphology association with enteritis in neonates, infants and kittens failure to grow on solid medium despite microscopic detection and the fact that to date no other bacteria with comparable morphology have been associated with human enteric infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"261 2","pages":"177-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14649574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of the cultivation temperature on the production of biomass and lipopolysaccharide as well as the chemical composition and antigenicity of the lipopolysaccharide of S-forms and R-mutants of the genus Salmonella].","authors":"S Schlecht","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of different temperatures (30 to 43 degrees C) on Salmonella S forms and R mutants in fermentor mass cultures was studied. It was found that for the velocity of substrate utilization, for maximum LPS biosynthesis as well as for maximum biosynthesis of bacterial cell-mass the respective optimum temperature was different. In the case of S-form strains and of one SR mutant a cultivation temperature of 34 degrees C proved optimum for maximum yield of LPS. At this temperature the yield of bacterial cell-mass was only somewhat lower than that obtained at 37 degrees C. Also the cultivation time necessary although longer, remained within tolerable limits. In the case of R mutants maximum yields of bacterial cell-mass were obtained at 30-34 degrees C, however, a common optimum temperature for LPS biosynthesis did not become evident. Chemical and serological analysis of the LPS revealed that neither the pattern of fatty acids in lipid A nor O-antigen factors, 1, 5 and 12(2) were influenced in any way by the cultivation temperature in the range of 30-34 degrees C. Similarly no temperature-dependent changes in the antigenic specificity of monospecific R mutants were seen. In contrast the growth temperature had a marked influence on the number of repeating units in the O-polysaccharide and also on the number of LPS molecules with free core stubs (R form LPS) occurring in isolated S form LPS. Further in the case of a double mutant, the growth temperature had some influence on the expression of one of the R specificities.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"261 2","pages":"147-60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"13572924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Automated technics in microbiological diagnosis compared with conventional methods].","authors":"Y Schmitt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two different tools for automation in medical microbiological diagnosis were tested. The results of biochemical identification of bacteria and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were compared with conventional methods--biochemical identification with Minitek and API 20 E and susceptibility testing wih the nutrient agar diffusion test. Sceptor from Becton Dickinson is usable because of a good accordance with conventional methods and the good quality of the associated computer program (different types of statistical evaluation). The 'fully automated' MS 2 from Abbott has more limitations and is more expensive in material, but is able to give a diagnosis in few hours, if a pure culture is available. Differences to conventional methods are greater.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"261 2","pages":"187-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14649575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Bacteriophages and bacteriocins of the genus Listeria].","authors":"J Rocourt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the discovery of the first Listeria bacteriophage by Schultz in 1945, more than 219 phages were isolated for L. monocytogenes, L. invanovii, L. innocua, L. seeligeri and L. welshimeri. To date, no phage for L. murrayi and L. grayi is described in the literature. Unless two phages found by Jasińska in a water sample, all the other phages, when the origin is mentioned, were isolated from lysogenic strains, with or without induction. Electron microscopic examination of 55 Listeria phages revealed that two L. innocua phages belonged to the Myoviridae family (tail with contractile sheath) whereas the 53 other phages of L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii and L. innocua belonged to the Siphoviridae family (tail without contractile sheath). According to the length of the tail, phages of this second group were divided into three species (species 2685, 2671 and 2389). DNA/DNA hybridizations, performed with the method of Southern, after digestion of the DNAs with Eco RI, pointed out three genomic groups: one corresponded to a single phage of Myoviridae and the two others included phages of the Siphoviridae species 2671 and 2685, thus demonstrating a good correlation between ultrastructure and DNA relatedness. Serology of Listeria phages remained unclear. Host range studies showed that these phages are genus specific and allowed to type 34% to 80% Listeria strains. Phage typing of Listeria strains isolated during listeriosis epidemics and cross infections in nursery proved to be useful in order to elucidate epidemiology of this disease. Listeria phages were used to detect Listeria strains in various samples by phage fluorescent antiphage staining system and phage titer increase test. Some phages seem to induce prophylaxis against listeriosis when tested in animal listeric pneumonia and conjunctivitis models. The possible role of phages in the virulence of L. monocytogenes needs further investigations. Bacteriocins of Listeria, called monocins, were first described by Sword and Pickett in 1961. Monocins isolated by Hamon and Péron were resistant to trypsin, inactivated at 50 degrees C and at pH 4,5 and sedimented at low speed, suggesting that these bacteriocins might be in fact defective phages. This was confirmed by Bradley and Dewar by electron microscopic study. Host range of monocins included Listeria, Staphylococcus and Bacillus.</p>","PeriodicalId":23821,"journal":{"name":"Zentralblatt fur Bakteriologie, Mikrobiologie, und Hygiene. Series A, Medical microbiology, infectious diseases, virology, parasitology","volume":"261 1","pages":"12-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"14216860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}