{"title":"[Bio-nanoparticle: Making and Measurement].","authors":"Eisuke Kanao","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00186-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.24-00186-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bio-related nanoparticles are key players in intercellular communication and represent the ultimate goal of nanotechnology as material-transport systems. Biological membranes support the functionality of bio-related nanoparticles; therefore, understanding the correlation between membrane molecular characteristics and the functions of bioparticles is essential. In this study, we developed foundational technologies for measuring the biological membranes of bioparticles by integrating fields such as separation science, materials chemistry, and omics. Furthermore, we developed a new methodology for incorporating the functions of natural bioparticles into artificial nanomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"145 6","pages":"533-537"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Performance Evaluation of High-performance Liquid Chromatography Instrument in Determining the Serum Concentration of Linezolid].","authors":"Naoaki Hashimoto, Shino Tsuda, Tomoka Kusama, Yuji Mukai, Ryuto Shioya, Mikiro Kato, Norihiko Terada, Miyuki Matsushita, Satoru Morikawa, Hideki Hashimoto, Masato Homma, Hiromichi Suzuki","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.24-00213","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>LM1010, a high-performance liquid chromatography system for therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of various agents in clinical practice, is currently approved in Japan. Unlike conventional systems, LM1010 can rapidly measure clinical samples, and data analysis is based on the absolute calibration curve method and fully automated. However, the analytical performance of the LM1010 for the measurement of serum concentrations of linezolid (LZD) has not yet been evaluated. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the analytical performance of LM1010 and confirm the long-term stability of LZD at -30°C. One hundred forty-eight serum samples were collected from 25 patients (17 men and 8 women) who received LZD. Serum concentrations of LZD were measured using LM1010 and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Three LM1010 instruments were used to confirm the differences in the measured values. A Passing-Bablok regression analysis demonstrated a strong correlation between LM1010 and LC-MS/MS (r=0.991), and comparable results were observed among the three LM1010 instruments (r=0.982-0.998). Bland-Altman analyses revealed that the average difference between LM1010 and LC-MS/MS methods was 1.7%, and similar results were observed among the three LM1010 instruments. The long-term stability of serum LZD in samples stored at -30°C for 48 weeks was also confirmed. These results suggest that LM1010 can be used for TDM of LZD in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"145 6","pages":"553-560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Identification of Food-derived Bioactive Components with Physiological Effects].","authors":"Jun Inoue","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00173-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.24-00173-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Food-derived components with physiological effects have been attracting attention in recent years, and studies have comprehensively analyzed these components. In this study, we sought to identify food components with functional properties for the prevention and improvement of metabolic syndrome. We performed a luciferase reporter assay using fatty acid synthase (FAS) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL) receptor gene promoters. Naturally occurring isothiocyanate sulforaphane impaired FAS promoter activity and reduced sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) target gene expression in human hepatoma Huh-7 cells. Sulforaphane reduced SREBP proteins by promoting the degradation of the SREBP precursor. Furthermore, we screened LDL receptor promoter effectors and observed that extract from sweet cherry peduncles induces LDL receptor gene promoter activity. Several analytical and chemical methods revealed that chrysin 7O-β-D-glucopyranoside in cherry peduncle extract stimulated LDL receptor gene promoter activity. Thus, this comprehensive search for components that alter the expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism led to the discovery of new functions of food components.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"145 1","pages":"23-28"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The Potential Analysis of Flavoring Agents as Novel Functional Foods].","authors":"Takuya Yamashita, Kazuya Nagano","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00173-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.24-00173-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional foods have attracted increasing attention. To prevent diseases using functional foods, various unhealthy conditions must be addressed, such as blood lipids, blood sugar, and blood pressure. However, there are insufficient functional ingredients available to address these unhealthy conditions. For example, five main ingredients (such as γ-aminobutyric acid) currently predominate in foods with functional claims, and account for approximately 38.2% of the total registered products in Japan. These data suggest that some functional and safe ingredients are widely used. From this perspective, enhancing the lineup of functional ingredients is necessary to address unhealthy conditions and develop various functional foods in the future. Flavoring agents are attractive ingredients. However, studies on flavoring agents have focused only on psychological functions, such as relaxation. In this study, we discuss the potential use of flavoring agents as functional ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"145 1","pages":"17-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142932768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Disease Research and Drug Development Pioneered by Female Researchers with a Focus on the Liver].","authors":"Yukiko Ueyama-Toba, Kahori Shimizu","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00177-F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.24-00177-F","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"145 3","pages":"169-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143537885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Current Situation and Challenges of Regulation and Analytical Methods for Residual Pesticides, Veterinary Drugs and Mycotoxins in Foods].","authors":"Takaaki Taguchi, Tomoaki Tsutsumi","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00164-F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.24-00164-F","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"145 2","pages":"93-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143081152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Usefulness of SPLINE-Deconvolution Method to Analyze Absorption Kinetics of Fentanyl Released from Systemically Acting Fentanyl Patch].","authors":"Noriko Hirota, Hiroki Hirayama","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.24-00193","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Durotep<sup>®</sup>MT Patch (DMTP) (Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Tokyo) is a systemically acting narcotic patch containing fentanyl. It is applied transdermally and removed 72 h after applying. The range of effective serum fentanyl concentrations is very narrow (0.3-3 ng/mL). Therefore, analysis of the absorption kinetics (ABK) is especially important. We studied ABK for fentanyl from DMTP 16.8 mg. There are 5 analytical methods to obtain ABK: The estimated mean absorbed rate at steady state (EMARSS) obtained using the residual method (standard value), absolute bioavailability method, Wagner-Nelson method, 3-compartment model Loo-Riegelman method (3LR), and SPLINE-Deconvolution method (SDecon), yielding results of 0.104, 0.119, 0.114, 0.109, and 0.103 mg/h respectively. EMARSS for 3LR and SDecon were nearly equal to the standard value. The absorbed rate for fentanyl with elapsed time by SDecon indicated an amplitude of 3 times with about a 20 h period at 10.7-72 h and the increase in the absorption rate began before the increase in the serum concentration when DMTP was applied transdermally. This phenomenon indicates that the mean absorption rate was constant; thus, an absorption steady state was reached. The actual mean absorption rate during this period was 0.0924 mg/h (range: 0.0594-0.131). The cumulative absorption ratio increased gradually with only a small amplitude, and bioavailability was 44.2%. From our results, SPLINE-Deconvolution is the most suitable method to assess fentanyl absorption kinetics of DMTP.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"145 5","pages":"461-468"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144029810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Elucidating the Mechanisms of Lipid Accumulation in the Liver and Evaluating Potential Drug Targets].","authors":"Takayuki Koga","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00206","DOIUrl":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fatty liver is defined as a condition in which fat accumulates excessively in the liver. It is characterized by either more than 30% of hepatocytes being fatty or over 5% of the total liver weight attributable to fat. The mechanisms behind hepatic fat accumulation are not fully understood, and no curative treatments have been established; thus, most treatments are symptomatic. Recent studies have focused on the mechanisms involving peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) α and γ, which are central to most research in lipid metabolism and inflammation. However, the development of drugs targeting PPARβ/δ, another isoform, has not progressed as much as for other PPARs. PPARβ/δ is known to play a critical role in maintaining homeostasis in lipid and glucose metabolism, differentiation, and inflammation, similar to other PPAR isoforms, making it a promising target for drug discovery. This review summarizes the potential of PPARβ/δ as a therapeutic target for fatty liver treatment, suggesting that it could be a valuable drug target given its roles in fundamental regulatory mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"145 4","pages":"265-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143773274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[Frontline in Biliary Excretion of Drugs and Their Evaluation Systems].","authors":"Takuo Ogihara, Ryo Okada","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00165-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.24-00165-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In vitro studies using human liver-derived cell lines have been investigated as a method for evaluating biliary excretion of drugs. In several of these studies, it has been shown that a capillary bile duct-like network is formed by culturing liver-derived cells in two/three-dimensional culture (2D and/or 3D) using fluorescent substrates that are excreted in bile. Recently, it was reported that bile duct epithelial-like cells (BECs) capable of long-term proliferation can be obtained by establishing organoids from primary human hepatocytes. We therefore cultured these bile duct epithelial-like organoids on an insert in 2D culture and investigated the biliary excretory capacity of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein2 (MRP2) substrates. We found that all drugs were significantly excreted into the bile duct lumen side. In the first half of this review, the current state of knowledge on biliary excretion of drugs is summarized, and in the second half, the latest findings, including our presentation at the Annual Meeting Symposium of The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan in 2024, are described, focusing on the evaluation system for biliary excretion of drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"145 6","pages":"491-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"[The Challenge of Cardiotoxicity Prediction Using In vitro Assay Method].","authors":"Daiju Yamazaki","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.24-00165-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.24-00165-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Non-clinical pharmacological safety studies are conducted using cells and animals to ensure the safety of pharmaceuticals in humans. Following these studies, drug candidates are administered to humans during clinical trials. Safety must be sufficiently confirmed in non-clinical studies to ensure that test participants suffer no adverse health effects. However, due to species differences, low ability to extrapolate from in vitro to in vivo evaluation methods, and other problems, health hazards may unfortunately still occur. Therefore, sophisticated in vitro evaluation systems using human cells are actively being pursued. The main challenge remains the lack of a reliable methodology for extrapolating in vitro results to in vivo settings. We have attempted to extract parameters that can be predictably translated from in vitro [contractile evaluation in three-dimensional (3D) heart tissue] to in vivo (guinea pig echocardiography) conditions, using cardiac contractile dysfunction induced by anticancer drugs as an example. In this review, we introduce the in vitro methods developed to date to evaluate this cardiac contractile dysfunction, analyze the factors enabling highly accurate prediction of torsades de pointes in humans based on past proarrhythmic risk prediction methods using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes, and apply them to evaluate cardiac contractile dysfunction caused by anticancer drugs using three-dimensional heart tissue. We also introduce the proposed strategy for this evaluation method in this section.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"145 6","pages":"507-513"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144200217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}