Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan最新文献

{"title":"The Educational Value of Simulated Electronic Health Records in Pharmacy Education: Impacts on Clinical Reasoning, Interprofessional Perceptions, and ICT Literacy.","authors":"Ken Yamamoto, Yuzuki Monma, Yuri Yamauchi, Kei Konuma, Rinko Kato, Yoshihito Morimoto, Dan Kambayashi, Iori Hirosawa, Kazuhiro Watanabe, Masayoshi Hirohara","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00095","DOIUrl":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In response to the rapid advancement of digital transformation (DX) in healthcare, pharmacists are increasingly expected to interpret and apply electronic health record (EHR) information to support clinical decision-making and patient care. Despite this shift, the integration of educational EHRs into pharmacy curricula remains limited, and their educational effectiveness is underexplored in Japan. This study implemented a structured EHR-based educational program for fourth-year pharmacy students and evaluated its impact on their clinical reasoning, interprofessional perception, and information and communications technology (ICT) literacy. Nineteen students participated in a 240-min program, featuring a pediatric Kawasaki disease case, and utilizing an educational EHR platform. The instructional design included case analysis, group discussion, role-play, and reflection. Educational outcomes were assessed using pre- and post-intervention tests; rubric-based performance evaluations; Attention, Relevance, Confidence, and Satisfaction model questionnaires; and qualitative analysis of open-ended feedback. Statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test revealed significant improvements in knowledge and performance metrics (p<0.05). Students reported high motivation and satisfaction, and qualitative findings highlighted the program's effectiveness in fostering clinical thinking and team-based care perspectives. However, feedback also suggested the need for workload balance and instructional pacing refinement. These findings indicate that an EHR-based program can serve as a valuable model for developing essential competencies in pharmacy education aligned with evolving professional roles. Future iterations may benefit from incorporating flipped classroom elements, repeated exposures, and diversified assessment strategies to enhance long-term learning outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"146 3","pages":"239-252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Structural Study on the Molecular Interaction of the Pre-mRNA Splicing Factors].","authors":"Yutaka Muto","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00159","DOIUrl":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-mRNA splicing proceeds through two successive trans-esterification reactions: cleavage of the 5'-splice site by the nucleophilic attack from the conserved branch-site adenosine (step I), followed by release of the intron via nucleophilic attack of the 3' splice site by the phosphate group of the 5' splice site (step II). These processes are accomplished by the spliceosome, a dynamic macromolecular complex of the U1, U2, U4, U5 and U6 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs). Recognition of the 5' splice site, the branch point and the 3' splice site is mediated by the U1 and U2 snRNPs and the U2AF protein, respectively. The binding of these factors, and thereby the splicing pattern of the pre-mRNA, is regulated by hundreds of splicing-associated proteins, which bind near putative splicing sites in response to a variety of biological situations. Our group aims to elucidate the regulation mechanism of the first splicing step, using biochemical and structural approaches. In particular, we focus on the protein-protein and protein-RNA interactions involving the constitutive factors in step I (U1, U2snRNP and U2AF complex) and several splicing regulatory factors. Here, we summarize our findings in the context of recent advances in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"146 3","pages":"217-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147327364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effectiveness of Prescription Inquiries Using 2D Codes of Laboratory Data by Community Pharmacies].","authors":"Daiki Watanabe","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00142","DOIUrl":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00142","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Continuous monitoring and analysis of patients' medication status and laboratory data are believed to enhance the effectiveness and safety of drug therapy, while also allowing early detection of adverse drug reactions. In 2011, pharmacies began to print laboratory data on outpatient prescriptions nationwide, and in February 2017, Asahikawa Medical University Hospital began printing 2D codes for laboratory data. In the present study, we retrospectively examined the extent to which laboratory data-related inquiries in pharmacies during the first six years after the introduction of laboratory data printing led to prescriptions changes and subsequent improvements in patient outcomes, as assessed by laboratory data. The results showed that the rate of questionable referrals based on laboratory data after the start of laboratory data printing was 36.5 times higher than that before printing. When prescriptions were changed due to a questionable referral, laboratory data after the referral were significantly improved compared to those at the time of questionable referral in cases related to renal function and hyperkalemia. When only drugs for renal impairment were included in the study, laboratory data showed significantly greater improvement in the group with a change in prescription following pharmacy inquiries compared to the group without such changes. The results of this study suggested that the use of laboratory data contributes to improved patient outcomes, at least regarding renal function, when pharmacists make question-and-answer referrals.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"146 4","pages":"267-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Considering the Evaluation of Developmental Toxicity Based on Studies of the Mechanism of Occurrence of Supernumerary Ribs].","authors":"Takayuki Kumamoto","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00161-3","DOIUrl":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00161-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although supernumerary ribs have been examined in regulatory developmental toxicity studies, their toxicological significance remains controversial because of the unclear etiology and strain-dependent background incidence of this condition. In the current study, we established a rat model of drug-induced supernumerary ribs by administering flucytosine to pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats, a strain with low natural occurrence of this skeletal anomaly. The results revealed that flucytosine exposure induced supernumerary ribs in a dose- and timing-dependent manner, accompanied by dysregulated expression of specific Hox genes. Altered expression was correlated with axial patterning defects and, in some cases, limb abnormalities. Comparative genetic analysis between Sprague-Dawley rats and BrlHan:WIST@GALAS rats, which exhibit high spontaneous incidence (~50%) of supernumerary ribs, revealed sequence variation in the upstream regulatory region of Hoxa9, particularly affecting miR-196b. These findings demonstrate that temporal dysregulation of Hox gene networks and micro RNA (miRNA)-mediated modulation are key factors in the pathogenesis of supernumerary ribs. Moreover, our results suggest that genetic background should be considered when interpreting skeletal variations in developmental toxicity studies. Mechanistic understanding of these findings may improve the relevance of endpoints in risk assessment and regulatory decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"146 4","pages":"291-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147595016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Identification of Factors Associated with Supratherapeutic Voriconazole Concentrations Using Decision Tree Analysis].","authors":"Airi Suzuki, Toshiaki Komatsu, Yumi Uemura, Yuto Akamada, Katsuya Otori","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00185","DOIUrl":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Voriconazole (VRCZ) is a first-line agent for treating invasive fungal infections, but its pharmacokinetics vary widely, necessitating therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to maintain trough concentrations within the therapeutic range (1.0-4.0 µg/mL). C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker reportedly associated with VRCZ concentrations. However, its precise impact in machine learning models remains unclear because of missing values in previous studies. Thus, this study aimed to identify factors associated with supratherapeutic VRCZ concentrations using a classification and regression tree (CART) model incorporating CRP in Japanese patients. We retrospectively analyzed 121 patients who received VRCZ (2-4 mg/kg/dose) and underwent TDM. The patients were classified into a therapeutic range group (1.0-4.0 µg/mL; n=51) and a supratherapeutic group (>4.0 µg/mL; n=70). We excluded outpatients to ensure strict sampling timing, patients whose maintenance doses were changed before the first TDM, and patients with missing laboratory data immediately prior to administration. The CART analysis identified dose (threshold: 2.7 mg/kg/dose) as the primary predictor, followed by CRP (threshold: 5.0 mg/dL) and age (threshold: 74 years). The model demonstrated moderate performance in predicting the therapeutic range group, with an area under the curve of 0.770 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.689-0.851], sensitivity of 78.4%, and specificity of 71.4%. Dose, CRP, and age were significant factors associated with supratherapeutic VRCZ concentrations. Our findings suggest that a decision-tree-based approach incorporating inflammatory status and age could provide valuable clinical insights for optimizing initial VRCZ dosing.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"146 5","pages":"517-524"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Current Situation and Future Directions of Dispensing Support Tasks Conducted by Nonpharmacist Dispensing Assistants/Support Staff].","authors":"Kayoko Takeda","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00176-4","DOIUrl":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00176-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to clarify the current status of dispensing assistance and support tasks performed by nonpharmacists and to provide recommendations on quality assurance for these activities. The survey targeted Japanese pharmacists and nonpharmacist dispensing assistants/support staff, thereby collecting information on their demographics, workplaces, the content of dispensing assistance tasks at their facilities, and dispensing-related training. Pharmacists responded to 25 items, whereas nonpharmacist dispensing assistants/support staff responded to 21 items. Nonpharmacist dispensing assistants/support staff participated in dispensing-related tasks at 70% of the surveyed facilities, and only approximately 20-30% of them held registered sellers of OTC drug qualifications. With respect to training frequency, the most common response from pharmacists was \"at employment and after near-miss incidents\" (237 respondents, 41.4%), followed by \"at employment only\" (96 respondents, 16.8%). For nonpharmacist dispensing assistants/support staff, \"at employment and after near-miss incidents\" was also most common (110 respondents, 35.9%), followed by \"at employment only\" (77 respondents, 25.2%). Among the respondents, 423 pharmacists (73.8%) and 222 nonpharmacist dispensing assistants/support staff (72.5%) indicated that no regular training program existed. These findings suggest the need to review educational systems in various countries and to develop a structured training framework for nonpharmacist dispensing assistants/support staff in Japan that is tailored to local needs. Such efforts could support discussions on appropriate task delegation and ensure quality in dispensing support services.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"146 5","pages":"459-466"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usefulness of the Risk Management Plan (RMP) Pocket Edition in Pharmacists' Practice in Community Pharmacies: A Questionnaire-Based Study.","authors":"Takashi Omoto, Manato Inagaki, Junichi Asaka, Kenzo Kudo","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00149","DOIUrl":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Risk management plan (RMP) utilization in clinical settings has been reported to be insufficient, particularly in community pharmacies. To facilitate the utilization of RMPs in pharmacists' practice, we created an \"RMP Pocket Edition\" by summarizing the RMPs. This exploratory study conducted a questionnaire survey to evaluate the usefulness of the RMP Pocket Edition in pharmacists' practice in community pharmacies within Iwate Prefecture. This study targeted managing pharmacists from 89 community pharmacies who intended to use the RMP Pocket Edition. Responses to specific survey items were measured using a five-point Likert scale (1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree). Of the 89 pharmacies, 56 responded (response rate: 62.9%), and 40 of them utilized the RMP Pocket Edition. The RMP Pocket Edition was most commonly utilized to check patient materials during counseling, assess drug risks while dispensing new medications, and for personal study. All median scores for the pocket book's perceived usefulness across various aspects of pharmacists' practice, including the understanding of RMPs, the identification of adverse drug reactions, and the facilitation of RMP utilization, were 4 or higher on a five-point scale. Further, the median score for the intention to continue utilizing the RMP Pocket Edition in the future was 5 (interquartile range, 4-5). In conclusion, the findings suggest that the RMP Pocket Edition contributes to facilitating the utilization of RMPs in pharmacists' practice in community pharmacies.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"146 5","pages":"525-532"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Prospects for Improving the Efficiency and Precision of Drug Preparation: The Perspective of a Community Pharmacist].","authors":"Yasuaki Hara","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00176-1","DOIUrl":"10.1248/yakushi.25-00176-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With advancements in the separation of medical and pharmaceutical practices, the roles of community pharmacists have become diversified, with their scope of professional activities expanded to include post-dispensing follow-up, aseptic preparation, and home care services. In the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's \"Pharmacy Vision for Patients,\" the concept of shifting from product-based to patient-centered services was introduced, emphasizing the role of pharmacists as personal health care providers. Enhancement of future pharmacy functions and pharmacist responsibilities, including the promotion of self-medication, task shifting, automated dispensing, outsourcing of dispensing operations, and so-called \"original-package dispensing,\" is gaining increased attention. This paper aims to examine the issues surrounding these developments and consider the future direction of pharmacies and community pharmacists in Japan.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"146 5","pages":"443-445"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147843504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Blood-Retinal Barrier Drug Transport: Aiming to Develop Oral Administration for Retinal Diseases].","authors":"Ken-Ichi Hosoya","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.26-00110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.26-00110","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The blood-retinal barrier (BRB) consists of the inner and outer blood-retinal barrier (abbreviated as inner BRB and outer BRB). The inner and outer BRB's together regulate the transport of substances between the blood and neural retina via various membrane transporters. To utilize the oral administration for the pharmacotherapy of retinal diseases, it is necessary and important to understand many drug transport mechanisms in the BRB's. This review discusses the BRB transport research reported over more than a quarter of a century, particularly the development of in vitro and in vivo transport evaluation systems as well as newly discovered BRB-specific cationic drug transport mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"146 8","pages":"697-708"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148663907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Control of Heterogeneous Flow Reactions Using a Taylor Vortex Flow Reactor].","authors":"Masahiro Hosoya","doi":"10.1248/yakushi.26-00122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1248/yakushi.26-00122","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To advance the manufacturing of drug substances under continuous flow conditions, homogeneous reaction systems are usually favored to enhance process control. However, heterogeneous reaction systems also need to be controlled in pharmaceutical production because drug substances are synthesized through multiple steps in various reaction systems. In this review, the author discusses a technological platform based on the Taylor vortex flow reactor which comprises a cylindrical tube and a rotating shaft, to streamline control of heterogeneous reaction systems. In the first example, the nucleation timing of reactive crystallization could be both accelerated and precisely controlled using a Taylor vortex flow reactor with high shear stress. This approach successfully mitigated adhesion to the reactor walls, thereby preventing clogging. In the second example, Taylor vortex flow reactors were applied to both liquid-liquid biphasic alkylation and continuous crystallization. Integration of these applications enabled achievement of overall continuous manufacturing in a single step. These examples confirm the high versatility and scalability of the Taylor vortex flow reactor for controlling heterogeneous reaction systems under continuous flow conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":23810,"journal":{"name":"Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan","volume":"146 10","pages":"829-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149115559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}