World Journal of Cardiology最新文献

{"title":"Continuous positive airway pressure therapy for patients with obstructive sleep apnea and coronary artery disease.","authors":"Thang Viet Luong, Tien Anh Hoang, Duong Hung Tran, Nguyen Nguyen Khoi Pham, Huy Cong Nguyen, Nam Hoang Nhat Le, Hai Nguyen Ngoc Dang","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.107750","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.107750","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and coronary artery disease (CAD) frequently coexist, forming a bidirectional pathophysiological loop that amplifies cardiovascular risk. Intermittent hypoxemia in OSA patients promotes endothelial dysfunction, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and sympathetic activation, thereby accelerating atherogenesis, whereas myocardial ischemia and ventricular dysfunction in CAD patients can further destabilize upper-airway patency and exacerbate OSA. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the standard therapy for OSA and reliably restores sleep architecture; however, large randomized trials have reported inconsistent effects on major adverse cardiovascular events, particularly in patients with established CAD. This mini review synthesizes contemporary data on CPAP across diverse OSA-CAD clinical scenarios, delineates patient phenotypes most likely to achieve cardiovascular benefit and identifies contexts in which CPAP provides limited protection. On the basis of these findings, we propose pragmatic recommendations for patient selection, adherence monitoring and optimization of CPAP therapy and highlight key research priorities, including extended follow-up, adherence-enhancing strategies and multimodal interventions. Clarifying the circumstances under which CPAP is cardioprotective will enable more precise management of patients with OSA, with or without concomitant CAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 10","pages":"107750"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12576564/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of general anesthesia and ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block in subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator perioperative care.","authors":"Chun-Jie Wen, Ji-Fang Cheng, Sheng-Bo Jiang, Meng Wang, Xiao-Xiao Yin, Rui Liu, Wen Shen, Ying Zhong","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.110900","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.110900","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) implantation requires effective anesthesia. General anesthesia (GA) carries risks like hemodynamic instability, while ultrasound-guided intercostal nerve block (US-ICNB) may offer better pain control. This study hypothesized US-ICNB is superior in perioperative safety and pain management.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare perioperative outcomes of GA and US-ICNB in S-ICD implantation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective single-center study included 64 patients who received S-ICD implantation between February 2021 and December 2024. They were divided into GA and US-ICNB groups based on anesthesia type. Demographic data, perioperative parameters (operation time, pain scores, analgesic usage), and postoperative outcomes (complications, defibrillation events) were collected and analyzed. Statistical tests were used to compare the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 64 patients (20 in the GA group and 44 in the US-ICNB group). Baseline left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in the US-ICNB group (39.20% ± 12.00% <i>vs</i> 56.20% ± 11.50% in GA, <i>P</i> < 0.001), while American Society of Anesthesiologists scores and comorbidities were comparable. US-ICNB showed superior pain control, with significantly lower numeric rating scale scores at 6-48 hours (<i>P</i> < 0.001) and fewer patients requiring analgesics (<i>P</i> = 0.02). The US-ICNB group had shorter operation times (<i>P</i> < 0.001), total hospital stays (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and later first analgesia times (<i>P</i> < 0.001). No anesthesia-related complications occurred in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both anesthetic methods were safe in the short term. However, US-ICNB was superior in reducing operation and hospital stay times and alleviating peri-operative pain. It has high safety in S-ICD implantation and deserves further clinical promotion, though large-scale, multi-center, randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 10","pages":"110900"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12576580/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of polymorphisms and microRNA levels in predicting cardiovascular events in patients with acute myocardial infarction.","authors":"Toan Hoang Ngo, Son Kim Tran","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.109961","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i10.109961","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) remains a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality, with high risk of recurrent adverse cardiovascular events. Conventional diagnostic markers often lack the sensitivity needed for early detection and prognostic stratification. Recent advances highlight the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) and their genetic polymorphisms in regulating inflammation, fibrosis, and endothelial function in atherosclerotic disease. This review summarizes evidence on circulating miRNA expression and miRNA-related single nucleotide polymorphisms as biomarkers in AMI. Literature from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science was evaluated, focusing on pathways involving NF-κB, interleukin-1 receptor/toll-like receptors, and JAK/STAT signaling. Circulating miRNAs such as miR-150, miR-208, miR-26a, and miR-483-5p demonstrate strong diagnostic accuracy, while polymorphisms, particularly rs2910164 in miR-146a, are consistently associated with AMI susceptibility and adverse outcomes. These findings suggest that miRNAs and their variants may serve as non-invasive tools for diagnosis and risk prediction, supporting future integration into precision cardiovascular medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 10","pages":"109961"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12576555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145432326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From joints to vessels: How rheumatoid arthritis therapy alters the fate of the heart.","authors":"Liudmila A Zotova, Nikita V Enenkov","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.109876","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.109876","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), including myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and heart failure (HF). This association is linked to chronic inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and accelerated atherosclerosis. Patients with RA have a 1.5-2 times higher risk of CVD compared to the general population, and cardiovascular mortality reaches 40%-50%. However, basic anti-inflammatory drugs such as methotrexate reduce the rate of cardiovascular events by 20%-30% due to suppression of systemic inflammation. Biological medications also demonstrate a cardioprotective effect, reducing the risk of MI by 20%-40%, although some (<i>e.g.</i>, tumor necrosis factor α inhibitors) may increase the risk of HF in predisposed patients. Janus kinase inhibitors are associated with an increased risk of thrombosis and cardiovascular events, particularly in patients with pre-existing risk factors. Therefore, optimal control of inflammation in RA can reduce cardiovascular risk; however, drug selection should consider individual safety profiles. Regular monitoring of cardiovascular risk factors and a multidisciplinary approach are key to managing patients with RA and minimizing complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 9","pages":"109876"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476620/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical coherence tomography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention compared to angiography-guided percutaneous coronary intervention for complex lesions.","authors":"Muhammad Burhan, Humza Saeed, Muhammad Usama, Aamnah Tariq, Saira Shafiq, Sonia Hurjkaliani, Minahil Iqbal, Sufyan Shahid, Salman Khalid, Naeem Khan Tahirkheli","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110403","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers detailed cross-sectional imaging during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), aiding in anatomically complex coronary lesions. Despite its advantages, evidence on the clinical effectiveness of OCT-guided PCI remains limited.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare clinical outcomes of OCT-guided <i>vs</i> angiography-guided PCI in patients with complex lesions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Major databases were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing OCT-guided and angiography-guided PCI in complex lesions. Primary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and target vessel failure (TVF); secondary outcomes included mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and other procedural outcomes. A random-effects model was used to pool risk ratio (RR), with 95%CI. Statistical analysis was conducted in R software (v4.4.1), with significance set at <i>P</i> < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five RCTs (5737 patients) showed OCT-guided PCI significantly reduced MACE (RR: 0.63, 95%CI: 0.52-0.77, <i>P</i> < 0.01), TVF (RR: 0.68, 95%CI: 0.56-0.83, <i>P</i> < 0.01), all-cause (RR: 0.58, 95%CI: 0.38-0.87, <i>P</i> < 0.01) and cardiac mortality (RR: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.24-0.76, <i>P</i> < 0.01), target-lesion revascularization (RR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.33-0.84, <i>P</i> < 0.01), stent thrombosis (RR: 0.52, 95%CI: 0.31-0.86, <i>P</i> = 0.01), and target-vessel MI (RR: 0.64, 95%CI: 0.42-0.97, <i>P</i> = 0.04) <i>vs</i> angiography-guided PCI. Periprocedural MI, any revascularization, target-vessel revascularization, and contrast-associated kidney injury were similar between groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>OCT-guided PCI improves outcomes in complex lesions by reducing MACE, TVF, mortality, stent thrombosis, and target-vessel MI. These findings highlight the need for further large-scale RCTs to confirm its benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 9","pages":"110403"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronary computed tomography angiography <i>vs</i> stress testing for stable angina evaluation: Diagnostic and prognostic superiority.","authors":"Vinay Gundareddy, Shivam Singla, Jupalle Mounika, Okello Owona, Bhavna Singla, Taranpreet Singh, Sidra Anwar, Vignesh Ramachandran, Hikmat Ullah, Shabbir Mazari","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110061","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110061","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stable angina pectoris, a clinical manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD), is commonly evaluated using non-invasive diagnostic tools. Traditionally, stress testing modalities such as exercise electrocardiography (ECG), myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), and stress echocardiography have been the first-line strategies. However, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), an anatomic imaging modality, is increasingly used for its ability to directly visualize coronary artery stenoses and plaque burden. Despite growing adoption, the comparative effectiveness of CCTA and stress testing in terms of diagnostic accuracy, prognostic value, and clinical outcomes in stable angina remains an area of active debate.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare the diagnostic and prognostic performance of CCTA with various forms of stress testing in adult patients presenting with suspected or confirmed stable angina.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was performed across PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) published in English within the last 15 years were included. Studies involving adult patients (≥ 18 years) with stable angina or low-risk chest pain were selected. The intervention was CCTA, and the comparators included ECG, MPI, and stress echocardiography. Data were extracted using a standardized process, and study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool. Due to heterogeneity in outcome measures and modalities, narrative synthesis was employed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five high-quality RCTs encompassing a total of 5551 patients were included. CCTA demonstrated superior diagnostic accuracy and prognostic capability across multiple studies. It was more effective in predicting major adverse cardiac events, including myocardial infarction and cardiac death, and was associated with fewer unnecessary invasive coronary angiographies and better event-free survival. Studies also reported improved revascularization rates in patients evaluated with CCTA, particularly within tiered diagnostic protocols. Stress testing, while useful, showed limitations in sensitivity and downstream clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CCTA offers a diagnostically superior and clinically impactful strategy for the initial evaluation of patients with stable angina, especially those with intermediate pretest probability of CAD. Compared to conventional stress testing, it enhances risk stratification, reduces unnecessary procedures, and may improve long-term outcomes. These findings support its broader integration into diagnostic pathways for stable angina.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 9","pages":"110061"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476583/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractional flow reserve guided percutaneous coronary intervention <i>vs</i> coronary artery bypass grafting for multivessel coronary artery disease: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Suhas Kataveni, Ezza Ellahi, Fabeha Zafar, Ihsan Noushad Karuppan Veettil, Amna Iqbal, Bhavya Dhir, Shivani Sabarish, Sai Erambalur, Meenakshi Reddy Yathindra, Moukthika Kvn, Shayan Nawaz, Satish Kumar Dudekula, Usman Ul Haq, Asraf Hussain, Muhammad Muneeb Khawar","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.111044","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.111044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are well-established treatments for multivessel coronary artery disease (CAD), a condition where multiple heart arteries are narrowed. A newer approach, fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided PCI, uses a specialized measurement to select which artery blockages to treat, aiming to enhance patient outcomes. Despite its adoption, the comparative effectiveness of FFR-guided PCI <i>vs</i> CABG remains unclear, particularly regarding key health outcomes such as survival, heart-related complications, and the need for further procedures.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of FFR -guided PCI compared to CABG in patients with multivessel CAD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This meta-analysis followed standard reporting guidelines and included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing FFR-guided PCI with CABG in patients with multivessel CAD. We searched medical databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, and ClinicalTrials.gov, from their start to May 2025. We calculated combined risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) to analyze the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three RCTs were analyzed. There was no notable difference in all-cause mortality between FFR-guided PCI and CABG (RR = 1.01, 95%CI: 0.78-1.31, <i>P</i> = 0.93). However, FFR-guided PCI showed higher rates of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs; RR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.11-1.52, <i>P</i> = 0.001), myocardial infarction (RR = 1.49, 95%CI: 1.11-2.01, <i>P</i> = 0.009), and repeat revascularization (RR = 2.25, 95%CI: 1.78-2.85, <i>P</i> < 0.00001). Stroke rates were comparable between the two treatments (RR = 0.80, 95%CI: 0.54-1.20, <i>P</i> = 0.28).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FFR-guided PCI and CABG have similar rates of all-cause mortality and stroke in patients with multivessel CAD. However, CABG results in fewer MACEs, myocardial infarctions, and repeat procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 9","pages":"111044"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis: Is surgical cardiac denervation effective against postoperative atrial fibrillation?","authors":"Danyal Bakht, Maaz Amir, Fahad Saleem, Ahmed Asif, Mohammad Maheer Mubashir, Abdullah Shahid Farooq, Muhammad Zauraiz Malik, Ahmad Hassan, Kinza Bakht, Muhammad Arham, Syed Faqeer Hussain Bokhari, Muhammad Numan Awais, Muhammad Khan Buhadur Ali, Allah Dad, Muhammad Rizwan Akram","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110756","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is a complication after cardiac surgeries associated with increased morbidity and hospital stay. Surgical cardiac denervation, which reduces autonomic input to the heart, has been proposed as a good preventive against POAF. However, evidence on its effectiveness remains inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To evaluate the impact of surgical cardiac denervation on the incidence of POAF and related clinical outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This meta-analysis adhered to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect, and EMBASE up to April 2025 using a preformed search strategy using Medical Subject Headings terms and free-text keywords. Risk of bias assessment was done <i>via</i> Risk of Bias 2.0 and Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies - of Interventions tools. Study analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4, with heterogeneity assessed <i>via I</i> ² values and appropriate fixed- or random-effects models applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five studies (<i>N</i> = 1266) were included, with 627 patients undergoing cardiac denervation and 639 serving as controls. Denervation did not significantly reduce overall POAF [odds ratio = 0.71; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.32-1.58; <i>P</i> = 0.40; <i>I</i> ² = 83%], but was associated with a significant reduction in persistent atrial fibrillation (odds ratio = 0.19; 95%CI: 0.10-0.36; <i>P</i> < 0.00001; <i>I</i> ² = 0%). Among secondary outcomes, only postoperative serum magnesium levels significantly reduced the denervation group (mean difference: -0.07 mmol/L; 95%CI: -0.08 to -0.06; <i>P</i> < 0.00001). Other outcomes, such as reoperation for bleeding, stroke/transient ischemic attack, length of hospital stay, 30-day mortality, and postoperative drainage, did not show any significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Surgical cardiac denervation does not significantly reduce overall POAF but does lower the incidence of persistent atrial fibrillation. It is also shown to decrease serum magnesium levels. Other outcomes, such as stroke, reoperation, and hospital stay, showed no significant differences.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 9","pages":"110756"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476607/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation of <i>APOE</i>, <i>SLCO1B1</i> and <i>LPA KIV-2</i> gene polymorphisms with coronary heart disease in the Teochew population.","authors":"Jia-Xin Xu, Ye Wu, Lin Zhang, Yong-Hao Wu, Chun-Lai Li, Fen Lin","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110278","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.110278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a prominent cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Like most complex diseases, the risk of CHD in individuals is regulated by the interaction between genetic factors and lifestyle. <i>APOE</i> and <i>SLCO1B1</i> genetic polymorphisms and <i>LPA KIV-2</i> copy number variation may influence the development and progression of CHD. Clarifying gene polymorphisms can guide clinical precision and prevention, thereby improving treatment outcomes.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the influence of <i>APOE</i> and <i>SLCO1B1</i> gene polymorphisms, as well as <i>LPA KIV-2</i> copy number variation on CHD in the Teochew population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 324 patients with CHD and 143 control participants were involved in this study. Single nucleotide polymorphisms rs429358 and rs7412 in the <i>APOE</i> gene, and rs2306283 and rs4149056 in the <i>SLCO1B1</i> gene were analyzed <i>via</i> high-resolution melting curve analysis. Additionally, PCR was performed to detect <i>KIV-2</i> copy number variations. Clinical risk factors and potential effects on CHD patients were subsequently assessed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the CHD group, the frequencies of <i>APOE</i> allele ε2, ε3, ε4 were 8.02%, 82.97%, and 9.10%, respectively. Compared to the control groups (13.29%, 79.37%, and 7.34%, respectively), the ε2 allele frequency showed a significant difference (8.02% <i>vs</i> 13.29%, <i>P</i> = 0.012). <i>SLCO1B1</i> allele frequencies in the CHD group were not significantly different from those in the control group (*1a: 26.69% <i>vs</i> 25.52%, *1b: 61.17% <i>vs</i> 65.38%, *5: 0.15% <i>vs</i> 0.35%, *15: 11.83% <i>vs</i> 8.74%). The number of copies of the <i>KIV-2</i> gene was significantly lower in the CHD group when compared to controls (23.35 ± 8.78 <i>vs</i> 27.21 ± 9.48; <i>P</i> < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, the ε2 allele and <i>KIV-2</i> copy number were factors influencing the presence of CHD.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In the Teochew population, the <i>APOE</i> ε2 allele and a higher <i>KIV-2</i> copy number were associated with a reduced risk of CHD. In contrast, the <i>APOE</i> ε4 allele and <i>SLCO1B1</i> gene were not associated with CHD.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 9","pages":"110278"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476606/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Streamlining heart failure patient care with machine learning of thoracic cavity sound data.","authors":"Rony Marethianto Santoso, Wilbert Huang, Ser Wee, Bambang Budi Siswanto, Amiliana Mardiani Soesanto, Wisnu Jatmiko, Aria Kekalih","doi":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.109992","DOIUrl":"10.4330/wjc.v17.i9.109992","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Together, the heart and lung sound comprise the thoracic cavity sound, which provides informative details that reflect patient conditions, particularly heart failure (HF) patients. However, due to the limitations of human hearing, a limited amount of information can be auscultated from thoracic cavity sounds. With the aid of artificial intelligence-machine learning, these features can be analyzed and aid in the care of HF patients. Machine learning of thoracic cavity sound data involves sound data pre-processing by denoising, resampling, segmentation, and normalization. Afterwards, the most crucial step is feature extraction and selection where relevant features are selected to train the model. The next step is classification and model performance evaluation. This review summarizes the currently available studies that utilized different machine learning models, different feature extraction and selection methods, and different classifiers to generate the desired output. Most studies have analyzed the heart sound component of thoracic cavity sound to distinguish between normal and HF patients. Additionally, some studies have aimed to classify HF patients based on thoracic cavity sounds in their entirety, while others have focused on risk stratification and prognostic evaluation of HF patients using thoracic cavity sounds. Overall, the results from these studies demonstrate a promisingly high level of accuracy. Therefore, future prospective studies should incorporate these machine learning models to expedite their integration into daily clinical practice for managing HF patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":23800,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Cardiology","volume":"17 9","pages":"109992"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12476595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145193291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}