WIT Transactions on the Built Environment最新文献

{"title":"GRAPHENE IN ARCHITECTURE","authors":"Moemen Mohamed Ezz, Mohamed ABD EL AL IBRAHIM, Zeyad TAREK EL SAYA","doi":"10.2495/arc220141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77586507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"USE OF ENGINEERED WOOD FOR THE RETROFITTING OF EXISTING STRUCTURES","authors":"G. Frunzio, S. Rinaldi, M. Guadagnuolo, L. Massaro, L. Di Gennaro","doi":"10.2495/arc220191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220191","url":null,"abstract":"Densely populated cities characterize urbanized territories, and most public buildings fail to meet many of the new demands imposed by the pandemic and the modern lifestyle. The need to expand spaces has become imperative, although, at the same time, it is necessary to reduce land consumption and preserve green spaces. If we consider the existing heritage a resource, these problems could represent an opportunity to improve existing structures both from a technological and structural point of view. It is possible to effort a holistic approach by improving the energy impact of new buildings and the heritage seismic behaviour facing the problem in a multidisciplinary way. Starting from the “building on the built” philosophy, this paper presents a possible use of engineered wood, such as cross-laminated timber (CLT), to pursue this strategy. The proposal is the realization of volumetric additions to existing buildings without further land consumption. This type of intervention, mentioned as “parasitic architecture”, positively impacts urban regeneration strategies. The use of prefabricated timber components (CLT) endorses the speed of realization, reducing the interferences with the surroundings and improving the healthiness and safety of the environment.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82347618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERVICE DESIGN AND QUALITY: RESTAURANTS IN BAHRAIN","authors":"Fatema Seddiq, Khadija Hassouna, Hana AL JOWDER, F. Qaed","doi":"10.2495/arc220081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220081","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to investigate service design and quality of restaurants in Bahrain and an understanding of its importance in the growing restaurant industry in Bahrain. This paper investigates the service design and restaurant design of restaurants in the Seef District, Bahrain using the DINESERV scale. A questionnaire was used to rate seven restaurants in the Seef District and the ratings are tabulated and a total mean out of 7 is calculated. The ratings for all of the seven restaurants were 5 and higher with minor differences between the participants ratings. This signifies that the level of service design and restaurant design quality in the Seef District is relatively high which subsequently leads to high customer satisfaction and high visiting rates. This brings to attention that there is a high level of awareness of the importance of service design and restaurant design in that area. Moreover, the final data brought to attention the gender, age and working status of the visiting participants. The data showed that most of the visitors were mid-20s, female students.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84420688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AN INTEGRATED APPROACH TO USER-CENTERED DESIGN: MOBILE BRAIN/HEART IMAGING IN VIRTUAL REALITY","authors":"A. Barakat, H. Ayad, Zeyad El-sayad","doi":"10.2495/arc220171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220171","url":null,"abstract":"Poor communication between architects and end-users of the built environment has been implicated as the main barrier to improving design quality and end-user satisfaction. User-centered design (UCD) is an important approach to communication and reaching the end-user affective state. This study aims to develop a new integrated approach for achieving an enhanced user-centered design. UCD is a process of three stages: understanding end-user needs, creating design solutions, and evaluating designs. The new approach is concerned with the built environment’s impact on the user’s affective state in the early design stage. The mobile brain/heart imaging technology is used to record users’ electroencephalogram (EEG) and heart rate variability (HRV) while they navigate the design proposal in non-immersive virtual reality (VR). In this context, the Farsi Lecture Hall in the Faculty of Engineering at Alexandria University was selected to be redesigned. The adopted methodology is based on understanding the needs of architecture students (end-users) through questionnaires and evidence-based design (EBD). Six design proposals were proposed and presented with still images. First, the students were asked to rate each proposal on a 5-point Likert scale. Then they were asked to select the best visualization technique, and the majority chose the 360-panorama. At last, the students sat in Farsi Hall for 3 minutes navigating the best proposal panorama on a full HD laptop screen wearing EEG headband that records EEG and HRV. The SAM test and 5-point Likert stress scale were recorded and compared to EEG and HRV results. The findings of this study show that there is a significant relationship between SAM ratings, EEG, and HRV. Furthermore, 360-panorama is an effective visualization tool for presenting design. Finally, involving mobile brain/heart imaging to induce the end-user affective state while navigating design proposals in VR could enhance design quality and end-user satisfaction.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87495508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DURABILITY PERFORMANCES OF COMPRESSED EARTH BLOCKS EXPOSED TO WETTING–DRYING CYCLES AND HIGH TEMPERATURE","authors":"Philbert Nshimiyimana, C. Hema, Seick Omar Sore, Ousmane Zoungrana, A. Messan, L. Courard","doi":"10.2495/arc220121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220121","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental durability of earthen materials is among the main factors that limit their widespread acceptance in the contemporary building sector. This study assesses the performances of compressed earth blocks (CEBs) before and after exposure to the wetting–drying (WD) cycles and high temperature. The CEBs were produced from kaolinite-rich earth material stabilized with lime-rich residue (5%–25%) or the lime substituted with rice husk ash, lime:ash (20:0%–12:8%) or cement (4%–8%), with respect to the mass of dry earth. The CEBs were cured for 28–45 days and at the ambient temperature of a laboratory of 30±5°C and the moisture of production, necessary for the reactivity of the binders and improvement of the performances of CEBs. The CEBs were dried before testing their initial compressive strength. Their compressive strength was also tested after exposure to 12 cycles of wetting in water for 6 hours at 30±5°C and drying in the oven for 42 hours at 70±5°C. Additionally, it was tested after exposure to the elevated temperature of 150–600°C. After exposure to the WD cycles, the compressive strength of CEBs relatively increased, by up to 49% (4.6 to 6.8 MPa) for CEBs stabilized with lime (15%) and by up to 40% (4.4 to 6.2 MPa) with lime:ash (20:0%), with respect to their strength before the WD cycles. The maximum increase of the strength was observed for CEBs containing a higher amount of lime, related to the reaction of excess lime which resulted in the formation of more cementitious products and improvement of the strength of CEBs. Nevertheless, the compressive strength decreased by 55% (12.5 to 5.5 MPa) for the CEBs stabilized with cement (4%), resulting from the degradation of the initial cementitious products. However, the strength increased by up to 58% (4.2 to 6.6 MPa) for the CEBs stabilized with cement (8%) after exposure to 600°C. This implies that the stabilization of CEBs with lime-rich binder is more resilient to the WD cycles than cement. It also shows that the cement stabilized CEBs would at least retain their strength after exposure to high temperature.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75374435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MONOTONY OF PARTS OF CONTEMPORARY ARCHITECTURE: THE ABSENCE OF SMALL DETAILS AND SEPARATIONS","authors":"U. Dietrich","doi":"10.2495/arc220151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220151","url":null,"abstract":"In contemporary architecture, a trend can be observed that buildings have a simple rectangular form and façades are composed of a few large elements, all together leading to a monotonous look. Following a proposed list of good design criteria, representative examples of a historical building (from 1900) and a contemporary one are analyzed and confronted. Based on that design criteria an endeavour to criticise certain trends in contemporary architecture can be implemented. To bring the question what makes a façade aesthetic to a more objective basis, the perception mechanism of the human eye is presented. Because of its spherical form, it delivers a sharp vision only in an exceedingly small angle range. Consequently, the eye moves quickly over the object in view producing several sharp spots that are finally completed to a sharp image by the brain. This process can run smoothly if there, where the next eye movement (saccade) strikes on the object, is a new, perceptible element located – the eye’s movement is guided, the object is perceived positively and aesthetically. As a precondition, a particularly high number of small-sized elements and few principles of order, what confirms a good part of the list of design criteria, are needed. Based on this, arguments why parts of contemporary architecture may be perceived as monotonous, partly out of human scale and not really aesthetic are formulated as well as conclusions what is missing. In order to involve (future) professionals, a master’s course for students of architecture at HafenCity University Hamburg is presented. Architectural ensembles were selected and drawings of the eye’s movement scanning the shown objects generated. The students’ analysis confirmed well a connection between a good guidance of the eye’s movement and a positive, aesthetical perception. Finally, reasons why there is contradiction between the awareness of good design and the practical outcome are sketched.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85168840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"URBAN FABRICS OF HOUSING FORMS AND ITS IMPACT ON HUMAN BEHAVIOR","authors":"Monica H. Fahim, A. Soliman, D. Saadallah","doi":"10.2495/arc220071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220071","url":null,"abstract":"An individual’s psychological life and their incorporation with the built environment have a remarkable relationship with urban space syntax. The scarcity of positive communication between humans and place-making is considered the core problem. This phenomenon occurs when urban designers ignore the role of humanity during the design process without taking into consideration its influence on the development of urban spaces. An individual’s well-being and their quality of life are affected by the degree of residential satisfaction. Factors contributing to residential satisfaction include: (1) physical factors that could be determined in the availability of parks and facilities in the community; (2) social factors that could be determined in the feeling of belonging to a community; and (3) personal factors that could be determined in people’s duration of residence and homeownership. The paper aims to examine the relations between human behavior and urban housing form through investigating the human behavior associated with the physical environment and determine the factors affecting it. The paper’s assumption is that improving the quality of the space syntax will increase the residents’ belonging to their built environment, in addition to enhancing their residential satisfaction. Increasing levels of sense of community, sense of belonging, and sense of place could achieve residential satisfaction. To further explain the relation between human behavior and physical built environment regarding sense of community, sense of belonging, and sense of place, the study applies its findings to a selected study area in the city of Alexandria, Egypt. The results revealed strong correlation between physical built environment and human behavior.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82993782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CONTRIBUTION OF THE BIOPHILIC DESIGN APPROACH TO THE UN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS","authors":"I. Ibrahim, Balsam Munadhil AL-CHADERCHI","doi":"10.2495/arc220101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220101","url":null,"abstract":"In the last decade, biophilic design under the concept of creating strong connections between nature and manmade environments have spread significantly. Because of the rapidly increasing environmental crises and climate change phenomena globally. Consequently, biophilic design has become associated with sustainable applications, the question this research discusses is if this approach contributes to achieve the aspects of sustainability, under the umbrella of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study will investigate biophilic approach contribution to sustainable design through defining aspects of nature that most influence human satisfaction of built environment. Aligned with the European Commission (2015) series actions titled “nature-based solutions” that are inspired by nature systems. During the COVID-19 lockdown, humans had minimal interaction with nature, and access to green public spaces, at the same time, an increasing interest to integrate nature in design, reducing humans impact on nature were recognized in the contemporary built environment. The study adopts William Browning’s (2014) “14 Patterns of Biophilic Design” framework, that lays out a series of tools experiencing science and nature contribution for promising opportunities creating sustainable built environment design applications. In addition to identifying and analysing the current practices for biophilic design in the built environment and its’ impacts on nature and human wellbeing. The results conduct design strategies, and guidelines that integrate biophilic approach as a base, within the 14 patterns framework for better practices creating innovative and responsible built environment. © 2022 WIT Press.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83468001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUSTAINABLE MODEL FOR ARCHITECTURE AND RETAILING ENVIRONMENTS BASED ON THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY CONCEPT","authors":"Ayat Sleiman","doi":"10.2495/arc220011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220011","url":null,"abstract":"A recent sustainability-based economic model, the Circular Economy, is examined as a catalyst for a potential new retail model focused on an integrated sustainable system providing residential building and renovation products sales. The premise of the Circular Economy is the argument of utilizing resources continuously by extracting the maximum value from them, then recovering and regenerating products and materials at the end of each service life. The research presents a qualitative study of the Circular Economy concept as an innovation outgrowth for the built environment and retailing facilities. The work proves the Circular Economy theory’s necessity as applied to the retail industry, providing a new programmatic retail-based concept with a practical development as an architectural design demonstration project. This project demonstrates how through new retail programmatic synergies, the Circular Economy would be the basis for a new retail model. The application is shown through an urban redevelopment proposal of a former industrial building in a declining North American city that demonstrates Circular Economy issues in the site selection and building design.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74661338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DESIGNING AN URBAN FOOD SYSTEM FOR ACHIEVING CIRCULAR ECONOMY TARGETS: A CONCEPTUAL MODEL","authors":"Tong Zou, A. Cheshmehzangi, A. Dawodu, Eugenio Mangi","doi":"10.2495/arc220021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/arc220021","url":null,"abstract":"In exploring the strategies for reaching sustainable development goals (SDGs), the importance of circular development has been greatly recognized in sustainable studies and practices. Regarding applying the circularity concept at city scales, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe emphasizes that transitioning to a circular economy will help city leaders achieve SDGs and other global objectives of climate actions. The food sector is a significant contributor to climate change, biodiversity loss, and land degradation, which can all be resolved via circular economy solutions. There is an urgent need for our current dominant global food systems (FS) to change due to the multiple environmental influences across the whole food value chain (FVC). This calls for the implementation of circular economy principles in FS, especially for urban systems, which account for most of the world’s food consumption, loss, and waste; and for most of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. Applying circular economy principles to each stage of FVC offers various opportunities to address FS issues as they enable each actor to identify the parts they can participate in FS transition. Secondly, circular economy strategies such as localizing food chains, food wastes reduction, and reusing raw materials offer solutions to FS sustainability, connecting FS sustainability transition with the transformation of industrial food metabolism from linear to circular. Since cities play a critical role in sustainable transitions from linear to circular, pursuing a circular urban food system (UFS) benefits circular urban metabolism too. To aid the implementation and promotion of circular economy in FS and cities, this study proposes a conceptual model of designing UFS for achieving circular economy targets.","PeriodicalId":23773,"journal":{"name":"WIT Transactions on the Built Environment","volume":"262 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91476015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}